AKS 44 RECAPINDUSTRIALIZATION

IMPERIALISMNATIONALISM

World History

Industrialization

Factors of production Land Labor Capital

Great Britain industrializes first Access to abundant quantities of all three factors of

prod. Textile industry industrializes first – Flying shuttle,

spinning jenny, etc.Factories streamline production

Water-powered first, then steam-powered laterImpact of industrialization – see chart p. 727

Industrialization (cont.)

Industrialization spreads to continental Europe France Germany Then to the Americas and the Unites States by beginning of 1800s

Shift in population From rural areas to cities looking for work in factories

Industrial-age cities Factory work was long, monotonous, dangerous Child labor Housing was overcrowded, unhygienic Disease was rampant

Reform movements: Industrial-age working conditions eventually lead to:

Child labor laws Abolition of slavery Increased rights for women

Capitalism v Socialism

Factory owners become incredibly wealthy (Bourgeoisie)

Factory workers struggle to make a living (Proletariat)

Industrial capitalism emerges – p. 734 Adam Smith

Laissez-Faire economics Supply, demand, and the ‘invisible hand’

Opponents to capitalism: Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels – Socialism

Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat Predicted a Proletariat uprising and the creation of a society in

which goods & services would be shared equally See chart p. 737

Russia & Japan Industrialize

Later than other movements – Late 1800sState-sponsored and very quick

Japan: Meiji government Russia: Romanov Czars

Both modeled their industrialization techniques after those of the west.

As in the west, industrialization in these countries will eventually lead to imperialism

Imperialism

Industrialized nations race to claim foreign lands as colonies As sources of raw materials As new markets As a source of power and prestige Felt responsible for bringing technology to ‘un-

civilized’ areas “The White Man’s Burden”

Fueled economic/military competition among powers

Types of imperialist styles: (all on P. 780) Direct v Indirect Paternalism

Imperialism (cont.)

In Africa: European countries begin to conflict over African

territory In order to avoid war, they decide to meet in Berlin: Berlin Conference (1884-1885)

European delegates ONLY African continent divided among European nations (map p.

777) Little regard for ethnic / historical boundaries & differences

Boer War Britain v Netherlands over South African territory Britain wins, Union of South Africa established - 1910

Imperialism (cont.)

In India: British first establish indirect control through the BEIC After the Sepoy Mutiny (1857) pp. 793-794, Britain

takes over directly – “The Raj” India becomes the main supplier of raw materials for

British industry, and its largest market for manufactured goods. Became known as the “Jewel in the Crown” of the British

Empire Native resentment against British rule fueled

nationalism More on this later in the unit…

Imperialism (cont.)

In Asia China:

Unfavorable balance of trade leads the British to sell opium High number of Chinese become addicted; Chinese

government calls for the British to stop the sale of opium; British refuse

Opium War (1839 – 1842) British military far superior to Chinese (industrialization) 1842 Treaty of Nanjing (Nanking) p. 806 signed:

• British take control of Hong Kong• China forced to grant ‘extraterritorial rights’ within ‘spheres of

influence’• Opium trade continued (highly lucrative)

Native resentment to foreign rule eventually leads to the Taiping Rebellion (p. 807)

Imperialism (cont.)

In Japan Initially forced to trade with the West after signing the

Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) p. 810 Japan forced to open up its ports to western trade Forced to grant extraterritorial rights Rise of the Meiji (Meiji Restoration) reverses this trend Long-term result is that Japan undergoes western-style

industrialization and becomes an imperial power in Asia. Japan occupies & annexes Korea (1907 – 1910) Japan invades China (Sino-Japanese War) – 1895 Russ0-Japanese War (1904-1905)

Result shatters the myth of European cultural superiority

All on pp. 812-813