adil's group ob presentation

8/7/2019 adil's group ob presentation

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A THREE-COMPONENT CONCEPTUALIZATION OF

ORGANIZATION COMMITMENT

John P. MeyerNatalie J. Allen

The University of Western Ontario


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Group Members

Awais Raza

Ghazal Qadeer

Kh. M. Adil


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Abstract

Author go beyond the existing distinctionbetween

attitudinal and behavioral commitment

and

Argue that commitment, as a psychological state,has at least three separable componentsreflecting

(a) a desire (affective commitment)

(b) a need (continuance commitment),

(c) an obligation (normative commitment)


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Nature of Commitment

Relationship b/wpeople & thereorganization.

The congruence ofthere values andgoals withorganization.

Attitudinal

perspective

Behavioralperspective

Process by whichindividuals

becomes lock inthe organization.

And how they dealwith this problem.


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Distinction Between Attitudinal and

Behavioral Commitment

Research directed at

identification of the:

Antecedentconditions thatcontribute to

the development of

commitment&

At the behavioralconsequences of the

commitment

Research has focused onidentifying conditions

under which:

Behavior once exhibitedtends to be repeated

& The effects of such

behavior on attitudechange

Attitudinal Perspective Behavioral Perspective


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Attitudinal Perspective

BehaviorConditionsPsychological

state

The Attitudinal and Behavioral Perspectives on Organizational Commitment.


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Behavioral Perspective

Attitude

Behavior

Behavior(Future)

The Attitudinal and Behavioral Perspectives on Organizational Commitment.


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Conceptualization and Measurement of

Commitment

Affective Commitment / Affective Attachment

Continuous Commitment / Perceived cost

Normative Commitment / Obligations


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Affective Commitment / Affective Attachment

For several authors, The term commitment is used todescribe an affective orientation toward the organization.

Kanter, for example, defined what she called cohesioncommitment as the attachment of an individuals fund

of affectivity and emotion to the group.

Measurement of Affective Commitment

a. Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ).

b. A 15-item scale designed to assess: acceptance of organizational values

willingness to exert effort

desire to maintain membership in the organization.


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Continuous Commitment / Perceived cost

Commitment as the continuation of an action (e.g.,

remaining with an organization) resulting from arecognition of the costs associated with its termination.

Similarly, Kanter defined cognitive-continuancecommitment as that which occurs when there isaprofit associated with continued participation and a

cost associated withleavingMeasurement of Affective Commitment

Require respondents to indicate the likelihood that theywould not leave the organization given various

inducements increases in pay status promotional opportunity Freedom


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Normative Commitment / Obligations

Commitment as an obligation to remain with the

organization. Marsh and Mannari, for example, described the

employee with lifetime commitment as one whoconsiders it morally right to stay in the company,regardless of how much status enhancement orsatisfaction the firm gives him over the years

Measurement of Affective Commitment

Marsh and Mannari developed a four-item measure of

lifetime commitment. two items measure intention toremain with the organization until retirement and theremaining items have a somewhat more obvious moraltone.

Wiener and Vardi used a three-item scale to measure

normative commitment.


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A Three-Component Framework

Three components rather than types, of commitment.

Three components are not mutually exclusive

an employee can experience all three forms ofcommitment to varying degrees.

Three components of commitment = f (differentAntecedents)

Different implications for work relevant behavior otherthan turnover


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Affectivecommitment

Work ExperiencesComfort

Competence

Turnover

Organizational

StructureCharacteristics

Personalcharacteristics

alternatives

Side Bets

Continuancecommitment

Normativecommitment

CultureFamilial

organization

Organizational

investments

-Performance-Absenteeism

-OCB

Antecedents Of Commitment


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Antecedents Contributing Affective

Commitment

Affectivecommitment

Work ExperiencesComfort

Competence

Turnover

OrganizationalStructure

Characteristics

Personal

characteristics

-Performance-Absenteeism

-OCB


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Antecedents Contributing Normative

Commitment

Turnover

Normativecommitment

Culture

Familialorganization

Organizational

investments -Performance-Absenteeism-OCB


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Summary

Research discovered the three themes ofcommitment e.g.

Affective commitment

Continuous commitment

Normative Commitment

Each employee has a commitment profile

(indicating his desire, need and obligation toremain with the organization)

Possibility of leaving the organization decreasesas any one component increases in the strength.


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adil's group ob presentation