Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Emerging ...namic.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/additive... · Additive manufacturing technologies are mainly used for engineering, designing,

Additive Manufacturing–Technologies for

Emerging Applications (TechVision)

Additive Manufacturing Technologies Impacting the Construction,

Commercial and Food Industries

December 2015

D6C5-TV

2 D6C5

Contents

Section Slide Numbers

Executive Summary 4

Research Scope 5

Research Methodology 6

Key Findings 8

Additive Manufacturing Technology – Landscape and Segmentation 11

Technology Readiness Level 14

Additive Manufacturing Application Assessment 16

Industry Initiatives 21

Factors Influencing Technology Adoption in the Construction Industry —Market Drivers and

Challenges 27

Factors Influencing Technology Adoption in the Commercial Industry —Market Drivers and

Challenges 30

Factors Influencing Technology Adoption in the Food Industry —Market Drivers and Challenges 33

Key Innovation 36

Technology Benchmarking 45

3 D6C5

Contents (continued)

Section Slide Numbers

AHP Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Technologies for the Construction Industry 45

AHP Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Technologies for the Commercial Industry 50

AHP Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Technologies for the Food Industry 55

Additive Manufacturing –Business Models 60

Business Model of Additive Manufacturing 3D Printer Manufacturers 62

Business Model of Additive Manufacturing Material Providers 63

Business Model of Additive Manufacturing Service Providers 64

Technology Roadmapping (2016-2020) 65

Key Contacts 67

Legal Disclaimer 72

The Frost & Sullivan Story 73

4 D6C5

Executive Summary

5 D6C5

Research Scope

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies have been undergoing major technological growth in recent years. These

technologies are playing a crucial role in the transformation of many key industries, such as automotive, aerospace,

medical, and oil and gas. Due to the major advantages of these technologies, they are now being adopted in industries like

construction, commercial and food. Additive manufacturing technologies are mainly used for engineering, designing, rapid

prototyping and even to manufacture functional objects and components.

This research service titled ‘Additive Manufacturing–Technologies for Emerging Applications’ reviews the different additive

manufacturing technologies that the construction, commercial and food industry are predominantly using. The study covers

emerging applications innovated and developed in the above industries by using various additive manufacturing

technologies. A section of the study is also dedicated to the new business models used by major participants in the additive

manufacturing sector.

Briefly, this research service provides:

• An overview of different technologies in additive manufacturing

• Readiness and current status of the technologies

• Impact of additive manufacturing technologies in the construction, commercial and food industry

• Stakeholders’ activities and innovations in their respective industries

• An overview of key drivers and challenges of additive manufacturing in the construction, commercial and food industry

• Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis of different industries

• A detailed list of contacts in this field

Source: Frost & Sullivan

6 D6C5

Research Methodology

• Technology Journals

• Periodicals

• Market Research Reports

• Technology Policy

Information Sites

• Internal Databases

• Thought Leader Briefings

Secondary

Research

Primary

Research

• Engineers

• CTOs/CEOs/CIOs

• Technical Architects

• Research Heads

• Strategic Decision Makers

• Technology Policy Heads

2. Interview

Participants

Stakeholder

Insights,

Perspectives,

and Strategies

Innovators and

Innovations

1. Patent

Review

3. Assess

Innovations

Trends

Enabling Technologies

Innovation Ecosystem

Global Development

Landscape

OUTCOME—Technology Innovation

Impact Assessment

Research Methodology Research Process


7 D6C5

Step 1: To provide a thorough analysis of each topic, Technical Insights’ analysts perform a review of patents to become

familiar with the major developers and commercial participants and their processes.

Step 2: Building on the patent search, the analysts review abstracts to identify key scientific and technical papers that

provide insights into key industry participants and the technical processes on which they work.

Step 3: The analysts then create a detailed questionnaire with content created to address the research objectives of the

study, which functions as a guide during the interview process. While the analysts use structured questionnaires to

guarantee coverage of all the desired issues, they also conduct interviews in a conversational style. This approach results

in a more thorough exchange of views with the respondents, and offers greater insight into the relevant issues than more

structured interviews may provide.

Step 4: The analysts conduct primary research with key industry participants and technology developers to obtain the

required content. Interviews are completed with sources located throughout the world in universities, national laboratories,

governmental and regulatory bodies, trade associations, and end-user companies, among other key organizations. Our

analysts contact the major commercial participants to find out about the advantages and disadvantages of processes and

the drivers and challenges behind technologies and applications. Our analysts talk to the principal developers,

researchers, engineers, business developers, analysts, strategic planners, and marketing experts, among other

professionals.

Step 5: The project management and research team reviews and analyzes the research data that are gathered and adds

its recommendations to the draft of the final study. Having conducted both published studies and custom proprietary

research covering many types of new and emerging technology activities as well as worldwide industry analysis, the

management and research team adds its perspective and experience to provide an accurate, timely analysis. The

analysts then prepare written final research services for each project and sometimes present key findings in analyst

briefings to clients.

Research Methodology Step by Step Approach

8 D6C5

Key Findings

Technology Impact

Additive manufacturing technologies are expected to have a major impact on the

construction, commercial and the food industry in the coming years. These emerging

technologies will empower an industrial revolution and bring profound changes in all

the industries. Technologies like selective laser sintering, fused deposition modelling

and stereo-lithography are predominantly used in the above industries for various

printing purposes.

Additive manufacturing technologies impacting the different industries

Technology Breadth

Breadth of additive manufacturing technologies in different industries

The readiness of the different additive manufacturing technologies in relation to the

technologies’ maturity and capabilities are determined. The breadth of the technology is

also related to the scalability and versatility capabilities of the additive manufacturing

technologies. Due to the immense advantages the different technologies provide in the

field of manufacturing and production, these technologies are expected to be adopted on

a wide scale in the construction, commercial and food industry.

Stakeholders’

Activities

Stakeholders’ activities in the chosen industries

Many key participants in the construction, automotive, aerospace, healthcare,

commercial and food industries are already innovating and implementing new

processes using additive manufacturing technologies. According to the different

requirements of the industries, the technologies are altered to cater to specific needs.

Stakeholders are also investing money and time in R&D for developing the technologies

for better performance and efficiency.


9 D6C5

Key Findings (continued)

Key Innovations

Key innovations impacting the different industries

Market Drivers

Drivers for additive manufacturing technologies in different industries

Technology

Challenges

• Even though additive manufacturing technologies provide many advantages and benefits in

the medium and the long terms, the initial cost of implementing these technologies is very

expensive. Even after implementation, maintaining and servicing the printers and other

machinery is expensive.

• Material compatibility, need for improvement in materials (such as durability, heat deflection

temperature, stability) and scalability of additive manufacturing technology according to

industry requirements pose a threat for adoption of these technologies.

Many companies, universities, government bodies and research groups are constantly

researching and innovating new techniques and methods for optimizing and increasing

the efficiency of additive manufacturing technologies and materials, according to industry

requirements. These new innovations might increase the overall capability of the

technologies and can have a major impact not only in construction, commercial and food

but also in other industries such as automotive, aerospace and medical.

• Increase in productivity and reduced cost for designing, developing and rapid prototyping are

the two major benefits driving adoption of additive manufacturing technologies in the

construction, commercial and the food industry.

• Additive manufacturing technologies are also implemented in process cycles in many

companies due to advantages like decrease in process, lead time and the cost for developing

and manufacturing the products is also an important factor.

Challenges for additive manufacturing technologies in the different industries


10 D6C5

Key Findings (continued)

Technology

Benchmarking

Technology Benchmarking of technologies related to the chosen industries

Business Model

Different business models adopted in additive manufacturing Industry

Technology

Roadmapping

The technology roadmapping indicates the status and impact of different additive

manufacturing technologies on the construction, commercial and food industry in the

short, medium and the long terms. The construction industry is envisioned to have the

greatest impact on additive manufacturing technologies in the near future (2016-2020).

Due to the constant innovations and development in these technologies related to the

commercial and food industry, both these industries are expected to adopt additive

manufacturing technologies on a large scale.

Technology benchmarking of additive manufacturing technologies used in the

construction, commercial and the food industries is done separately for each industry

using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis which is a multi-criteria decision making

tool. To achieve this analysis, different criteria and alternatives were considered for the

major additive manufacturing technologies currently being used in that particular industry.

Business models are segmented into value proportion and operating model. According to the what

the company is going to offer in the market, the business model changes accordingly. The

business models of additive manufacturing printers and other machinery manufacturers, material

providers and service providers are considered. Each of these companies has almost the same

business model but in terms of approaching the market and designing a cost and value model, the

plans and views of the companies change according to the products and services they are

offering to the selected targeted segment.

Challenges for additive manufacturing technologies in the different industries


11 D6C5

Additive Manufacturing Technology –

Landscape and Segmentation

12 D6C5

Additive Manufacturing Technology Segmentation

01 Material Extrusion

02

Material extrusion is one of the main categories in certain types of AM

technology, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM). The material used

is passed through a nozzle, where it is heated at high temperatures and is

then deposited layer by layer to print the object according to the design

model. FDM is the most common extrusion process used in many major

sectors such as automotive, aerospace, and healthcare.

Vat-Photo Polymerization

This category uses liquid polymer resin material to build the object layer by layer.

Stereoltihography (SLA) uses ultra violet light to cure the material and at the same

time the build does not require any structural support for printing as the material

used is in liquid state. Digital light processing (DLP) uses a micromirror to project a

light pattern of a cross-section of the object

03 Powder Bed Fusion

The powder bed fusion method uses an electron beam or laser to melt and fuse two

or three different types of powders as material and layers them together to print the

object according to the CAD design. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), electron

beam melting (EBM), selective heat sintering (SHS), selective laser melting (SLM)

and selective laser sintering (SLS) are some of the common technologies under this

category.


13 D6C5

Additive Manufacturing Technology Segmentation

(Continued)

04 Sheet Lamination

05 Directed Energy Deposition

In Directed Energy Deposition (DOE), thermal energy is used to fuse materials by melting as the material is

deposited inside the printer chamber. The melt pool is formed on a metallic substrate with a laser beam and

powder is fed into the melt pool. This process is complex and is generally used for repairing or adding more

material to an object which has already been manufactured, or adding features too an existing structure.

In this AM category, layered sheets of materials are fused together to build and print the object. Ultrasonic additive

manufacturing (UAM) and laminated object manufacturing (LOM) are the two methods which fall under this category. The UAM

process uses the ultrasonic welding technique to fuse sheets of metal layer by layer to print the object. Similarly, the LOM

technique, which has been largely dormant, uses the same layer-by-layer approach but uses adhesives to fuse the layers

together. Selective deposition lamination (SDL) is an active variant of LOM that uses a tungsten carbide blade instead of a laser

to cut paper.

Binder Jetting

In this method, a liquid agent is selectively deposited to join powder particles. The binder acts as an adhesive in between the

layers A printhead drops binder onto the powder. This process is very fast when compared to other AM technologies but at the

same time since this process uses a binding material it can be used for objects which require structural support. Binder jetting

does not use heat during the build process and can print different materials such as metals sand, or ceramics.

06

Material Jetting

07

The material jetting process, which encompasses Polyjet 3D printing, is similar to a two dimensional ink jet printer. The

liquid photopolymer material used in the process is slowly jetted into the build platform using multiple print heads, and

UV light cures the layers. This technology allows for combining different printed materials within the same 3D model and

job; but, only limited materials can be used for printing the designed object. Source: Frost & Sullivan

14 D6C5

Electron Beam

Melting

Selective Laser

Sintering

Jet printing

Electron beam melting is used for designing, engineering

and modeling objects min appliactions such as medical

implants or aerospace. But, the technology has been

slow and expensive. Only in this process, materials with

very high melting points can be processed.

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Jet Technology printing is one of the additive manufacturing technologies finding

key growth opportunities. Food printers at present use this technology (e.g., inkjet

printing) to print food. However, such technology is mainly used for concept

designing or prototyping of relatively low-volume objects. Even in this technology,

there is a limit to the materials that can be used; for example, a need for more

pure powered metal. Since multi-material objects can be printed using this

technology, the commercial industry also uses this technology for printing small

souvenirs and jewelry. Other sectors include automotive, aerospace, oil and gas,

healthcare, art design or decorative.

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Stereolithography

Additive Manufacturing

Readiness Level

Stereolithography is a mature technology currently being

used for concept designing, engineering, and prototyping in

industries such as automotive, commercial (e.g., jewelry),

aerospace, healthcare. The technology is also used for

rapid prototyping low volumes of components with complex

designs. Due to the limit of the materials which can be

used in this process and the requirement of support

structures for almost all the builds, growth in adoption of

this technology has been constrained. Growth in adoption

of this technology is driven by its ability to provide high

precision to the build within a shorter lead time compared

with other AM technologies.

Selective laser sintering is used for manufacturing

functional and ready-to-use objects and components and

immensely for rapid prototyping. Many major industries,

such as automotive, aerospace, oil and gas, and

healthcare, have started to adopt and implemented this

technology in their manufacturing and production cycles.

The main advantage of this technology is that it is

compatible with a wide range of different plastic or metal

materials, can provide high density, and does not require

a support structure while printing complex objects.

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0


Technology Readiness Level

15 D6C5

Selective Laser

Melting

Fused Deposition

Modeling

Directed Energy

Deposition

Selective laser melting is being predominently used

for manufacturing engineering components. This

technology is used to create components with

complex geomentries and structures.since this

process is used for printing components with large

surface areas, large aspect ratios and even low-

volume components. It is being mainly adopted by

industries such as automotive, aersospace,

biomedical, commercial (e.g., jewelry design),

consumer goods.

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

One of the main advantages of direct energy deposition is that the grain structure

of the object or component being printed can be controlled to a high degree. This

technology is used in the stages of designing, development and rapid prototyping.

Manufacturers have also started to use this technology for production of relatively

simple and functional components as the surface and finish of the printed object

varies according to the material used and the printed component can require post-

curing. The technology, which can create objects directly from powder, is finding

opportunties in areas such as areospace,oil and gas, automotive; but metal laser

melting have needed to be more widely accepted.

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Digital Light

Processing

Additive Manufacturing

Readiness Level

Digital light processing technology can provide a faster

build speed than stereolithography and prints the

objects or components with high resolution and

precision. This technology is mainly used for rapid

prototyping and is also finding opportunities for

manufacturing functional objects and components.

Industries include consumer, healthcare, automotive.

Fused Deposition modeling is a very widespread additive

manufacturing technique, which has seen a lot of

technological improvement in recent years, including less

expensive FDM printers. This technology is mainly used for

rapid prototyping and manufacturing fully functional objects

and components. Many industries (such as commercial,

aerospace, automotive, and so on, have been able to cut

down on designing and development cost and time of

products very drastically. This technology is being used for

producing functional low-volume objects and components.

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0


Technology Readiness Level (Continued)

16 D6C5

Additive Manufacturing Application

Assessment

17 D6C5

Additive Manufacturing in Different Industries

Construction

Industry

Food

Industry

Commercial/

Consumer

goods

Industry

The construction industry is undergoing a

huge transformation due to the impact of

the additive manufacturing technologies

.Many key players in the construction

industry have announced plans to use

additive technologies to build homes,

buildings and other parts /components

required in the field of construction. The

construction industry is ready to take the

advantage of computer aided

manufacturing to build complex structurers

and components and optimize use and

cost of materials.

Many research and innovations

are constantly being implemented

for adapting additive manufacturing

technologies in the food industry.

From printing chocolates and cakes

to designing new methods to print

customized food for military

personnel's in the battlefield ,the

food industry has taken the radical

step of utilizing this technology for

its various advantages, including

printing a variety of recipes in color.

The construction

industry had an

average growth rate

globally of 5 – 6% in

2014 when compared

to the previous year .

Similarly, the annual

growth rate of the

food industry in 2014

was 6-7% globally. In

2015 the food

industry is expected

to grow by another

10-13 %.

Many fast moving consumer goods

(FMCG) manufacturers are getting

involved in additive manufacturing

technologies to enhance the value of the

product and at the same time decrease the

lead time of manufacturing or rapid

prototyping the product or the packaging

for the product. Some supermarket

retailers have also stepped into the 3D

printing market and are offering

customized printing options for customers

and they also sell selective desktop 3D

printers. Many designers are using this

technology to design and manufacture

lifestyle products such shoes, jewelry, art

décor, and clothes.

The commercial

and consumer

goods market is

expected to have

a global growth

rate of 4–5%

from the

previous year

(2014).


18 D6C5

Applications in the Construction Industry

Design/

modeling of

building

components

Rapid

Prototyping

Functional

building

components

and

structurers

Full building

and structure

construction

Specific applications Different Stages

Poly jet printing

Powderbed inkjet printing

Electron Beam Melting

Stereolithography

Fused Deposition Modeling

Selective Laser Sintering

Tech

no

log

ies

The construction industry uses different types of additive

manufacturing for various applications. Technologies such

as Polyjet printing and powdered inkjet printing are

essentially used for designing and modeling miniature

concepts of the structures of buildings and in some cases,

for rapid prototyping.

Technologies such as selective laser sintering and fused

deposition modeling are the main technologies being used

in the construction industry. Such technologies are mainly

used for directly constructing building components and

structures (such as those with complex designs) and

printing the full building directly.

Material

production/

manufacturing

Technologies such as electron beam melting and stereo-lithography are used for manufacturing small

components such as beams, bricks, pipes, and other low-volume functional components required for the building. Source: Frost & Sullivan

19 D6C5

• The food industry is currently adopting additive manufacturing technologies to three

dimensionally print food and other edible items. Jet printing technology and in some cases

fused deposition modeling technology are the main processes which the food industry has

incorporated to design and develop food printers.

• Additive manufacturing in the food industry is slowly gaining importance and new innovations

are slowly being developed and implemented.

Food Industry

• Using this technology many different food printers have been

designed and developed .Some printers use chocolate jet printing to

print different chocolates and other printers use jet technology to

print food.

• In the food industry, jet (i.e., inkjet) printing technology due

to its compatibility has been predominantly used for 3D

printing food. Jet Printing

Technology

Additive

Manufacturing

Technology • Some food printers in the market also use fused deposition modeling

technology to print food. This technology is not as established as jet

printing technology, but has been used to print fresh and nutritious food

which does not need pre-cooking or to 3D print confectionary recipes

such as sugar, or candy..

Fused

Deposition

Modeling • Currently, intense research is being carried out to make fused deposition modeling technology more suitable for the food industry. It

is expected to be used for baking cakes and whole foods.

Applications in the Food Industry

20 D6C5

Applications in the Commercial Industry

Design/

modeling of

building

components

Rapid

Prototyping

Functional

commercial

products

Large-scale

production of

commercial

products

Specific applications Different Stages

Jet printing

Injection moulding

Stereolithography

Fused deposition modeling

Selective laser sintering Tech

no

log

ies The commercial

industry has adopted

different additive

manufacturing

technologies for

manufacturing

various objects.

Selective laser

sintering and fused

deposition modeling

are being used for

producing functional

objects like eyewear,

in-soles, shoes,

jewelry, and gift

items.

Low-volume

production/

manufacturing

Technologies like stereolithography and injection moulding are extensively used for modeling, designing

and rapid prototyping. Many companies that manufacture plastic products use these technologies to

reduce time and cost on the initial designing and development stages.

Similarly, jet printing technology is being used for manufacturing low-volume and functional commercial

objects like miniatures, toys ,shoes and small accessories. Source: Frost & Sullivan

21 D6C5

Industry Initiatives

22 D6C5

Industry Initiatives in the Construction Industry

Company Technology Products Specific Application Description

Win Sun Fused Deposition modeling

Selective laser

Sintering/poly jet printing

Building houses

/bricks/support

structurers /beams

Building fully

functional houses

Built a 1100 square feet

houses using recycle

concrete material and

specially designed printer

MX3D Selective Laser sintering 3D printing multi-

axis robotic arms

Specially-designed

robots will be

extruding steel

without the

requirement of

support structurers

3D printing a bridge using

robotic multi-axis printing

technology across canal in

Amsterdam

Emerging

Objects

3D printing Cool Brick Cooling the interiors

of the building.

Is made of ceramic lattice

and absorbs water like a

sponge

DUS Architects Stereo lithography/laser

sintering, fused deposition

modeling

New printer called

KamerMaker

("room builder")

Creates large bricks

from layers of molten

plastic

Using renewable and bio-

based materials to construct

13 rooms canal house

Arup Group

3D printing/selective laser

sintering

Steel beams Construction

purposes

Required 75%s less steel to

manufacture when

compared to traditional

process.


23 D6C5

Industry Initiatives in the Commercial Industry

Company Technology Products Specific

Application

Description

Sols

Selective laser

sintering

Sols in-soles 3D printed shoe

soles

customized insoles according to the

customer’s foot size and

movements

United Nude

Laser sintering,

fused deposition

modeling

Manufacturing

shoes

Customizable

designer clothes and

accessories

The company has collaborated with

3D Systems to manufacture

designer clothes

SEIKO Optical

Laser sintering

eyewear collection

is called Xchanger

3D printed eyewear Is UV rays, sweat, wear and tear

protected with high quality

Samsonite

Injection moulding

“S’Cure” line of

suitcases

Ready-to-use

suitcases, rapid

prototyping

High quality, lightweight and durable.

Prototyping costs cut down

tremendously.

Aoyama Optical

France

selective laser

sintering

eyewear collection

is called “We DDD”

3D printed eyewear

“We DDD” currently consists of 14

different styles of frames

Tupperware(uses

Materialise online

ordering system )

stereo-lithography/

Injection moulding

Rapid prototyping

plastic boxes

bottles, cups,

flasks, utensils

Rapid prototyping

during design an

development stage

Traditional methods take 2-3 years.

Now, design and development can

be achieved in 1 year


24 D6C5

Industry Initiatives in the Food Industry

Company Technology Products Specific

Application

Description

FoodJet Jet printing

technology

PERFORMANCE

(Personalized Food

FOR THE Nutrition of

Elderly Consumers).

3D printed food The printer uses a gelling agent to

shape and support the strained and

pureed food and has the capabilities

to print almost all kinds of pureed

food.

Natural Machines Fused deposition

modeling

New food printer

called FOODINI

3D printed food The printer can also support fresh,

real foods, sweets and savories.

The Hershey

Company

(collaboration with

3D Systems)

Chocolate jet

printing

New chocolate printer

called Cocojet

3D printed

chocolate

Prints all kinds of chocolates like

dark, milk, or white chocolate in

various sizes and shapes

Choc Edge Chocolate jet

printing

Choc Edge 2.0 Plus 3D printed

chocolate

The printer has a print volume of 50

mm (millimeters) in width, 180mm in

height and breadth and is capable of

printing chocolates in any form


25 D6C5

Industry Initiatives in the Food Industry (Continued)

Stakeholders Technology Products Specific

Application

Description

PepsiCo Jet printing technology Ruffles “Deep

Ridged“ chips

3D-printed food and

rapid prototyping of

food like chips

The company was able to reduce

the designing and developing

process time of the chips by 70%.

Coca Cola

(Collaboration

with 3D Systems)

Plastic Jet Printing New printer called

“Ekocycle cube”

Recycling plastic

bottles and cans into

3D filaments

The printer has a resolution of 70-

microns and a speed of six cubes

in size

3D Systems Jet printing technology

(chocolate and

candies)

New food printer

ChefJet™ Pro

3D printed

chocolates

Full-color food 3D printer for

printing candies and chocolates

Bocusini Jet printing technology

Goop Printer

3D Food Printer Innovative plug and play 3D Food

Printing System which can

connect to WIFI and supports

Internet platforms

Dovetailed

Jet printing technology

3D Fruit Printer 3D printing fruit

flavors and fruits

The taste, shape, and texture of

any fruit can be customized.


26 D6C5

Factors Influencing Technology Adoption -

Market Drivers and Challenges

27 D6C5

IMPACT

HIGH

MEDIUM

LOW

HIGH

MEDIUM

LOW

DR

IVE

RS

C

HA

LL

EN

GE

S

Indicates

Short-Term Impact

(1-2 years)

Indicates

Long Term Impact

(5-7 years)

High-quality, accurate

Construction of Parts or Objects Increased productivity

Increased safety and

reduced labor costs

High Initial Cost

Applicability for Large-

Scale, high-speed Manufacturing

Availability of

Multi-Material Printers Organizational Readiness/

Less job opportunities

Factors Influencing Technology Adoption in the

Construction Industry–Market Drivers and Challenges

Indicates

Medium-Term

Impact

(3-4 years)

Exhibit:- Technology Adoption Drivers and Challenges, Global, 2014-2020


Reduced waste/

Environmentally friendly

28 D6C5

Key Factors Influencing Technology Adoption in the

Construction Industry–Market Drivers Explained

The cycle/process and lead

time required to manufacture

the components required for

building is much faster and

easier when compared to the

conventional manufacturing

processes. Complex structures

and designs can be

manufactured very easily.

By using additive manufacturing

technologies, the construction

industry will be able to eliminate

the requirement of manual

intervention, which is generally

time consuming.

There are many dangerous jobs

in the construction industry that

put workers’ lives and health at

risk. By implementing additive

manufacturing technologies on-

site in these areas, health and

safety risks can be eliminated

drastically.

By three dimensionally printing

most of the components and

structures using additive

manufacturing technologies, the

construction industry can achieve

the goals using minimum man-

power and human effort.

By printing most of the structures,

human interaction in hazardous

situations is decreased.

The construction industry uses

many raw materials during the

construction stages. In many

instances, these raw materials

tend to be wasted due to various

on-site issues. By using additive


required components can be

printed on-site during the

construction phase and the

excess materials can be recycled

and used again to print other

structures.

During the construction of a

structure or a building, the

hazardous waste is dumped into

the environment which posses

threats. By using additive


wastes are recycled to print other

components. Hence, the threat of

harm to the environment is

eliminated.

High-quality, accurate

construction

Increased Productivity

Increased Safety and

Reduced labor costs

Reduced waste/

Environmentally friendly

As a digital model of the building is

created before printing, the actual

parts, errors and inaccuracies can

be eliminated easily.

The components printed using

additive manufacturing

technologies will have consistency

in quality when compared to the

traditional methods of constructing

a building.


Since the construction industry is

already experienced in computer

aided manufacturing, it will be able to

adopt additive manufacturing

technologies easily.

29 D6C5

A wide range of materials are

used in traditional construction

processes. Most of these

materials used are still not

compatible with the three

dimensional printers currently

present in the market. Some

innovators have altered or built

printers to support the materials

used for construction purposes.

At present, there are very few

printers that are specially

designed for the construction

industry, such as those that use

a special material for 3D printing

modules for home building. A printer which has the capability to

use multi-material construction

materials is yet to be unveiled in the

market.


Construction Industry–Market Challenges Explained

High Initial Cost

Organizational Readiness/

Less job opportunities

Applicability for Large-

Scale Manufacturing Availability of

Multi-Material Printers The construction industry requires printers which will be

capable of printing very large-

scale physical structures and

components. Though the additive

manufacturing market has been

constantly improving and

evolving, a manufacturing scale

printer compatible with various

materials is yet to be successfully

tested or implemented especially

for the growing requirements of

this particular industry

Additive manufacturing systems

will require time for trial and

implementation at the initial

stages.

The construction industry will

require lager and more efficient

printers to build giant

components and structures.

Considering the current adoption

rate of additive manufacturing

technologies, the cost of

implementing these technologies

in the initial stages will be very

high.

Since the construction industry

uses a wide range of materials

for construction purposes, some

printers might not be compatible

with all the required multi-

materials which are

conventionally used. Hence a

huge investment is required to

acquire different printers which

will be able to print using the

required materials.


Since most of the products will be

printed directly, conventional product

manufacturers and renting companies

would suffer a severe loss.

Since the 3D printer will be doing

most of the work, the man-power

requirement will tremendously

decrease eventually, affecting job

opportunities..

Storage and transportation of the

printer on-site will be a challenge.

Due to the high R&D cost,

companies should have technical

capability in AM before starting

the project.

30 D6C5

IMPACT

HIGH

MEDIUM

LOW

HIGH

MEDIUM

LOW

DR

IVE

RS

C

HA

LL

EN

GE

S

Indicates

Short-Term Impact

(1-2 years)

Indicates

Long Term Impact

(5-7 years)

Increased

Innovation

High Initial Cost

Limited Build Size Reliability and

Threat of Abuse

Factors Influencing Technology Adoption in the

Commercial Industry–Market Drivers and Challenges

Indicates

Medium-Term

Impact

(3-4 years)

Exhibit:- Technology Adoption Drivers and Challenges, Global, 2014-2020


Reduces Development

Costs

Limited Use of

Materials

Accelerates Time to

Market Rapid Manufacturing

31 D6C5


Commercial Industry–Market Drivers Explained

Many prototypes can be

designed and developed on

demand in a much faster

design and development cycle

when compared to conventional

methods of developing a

product.


technology, lead time of any

build is decreased

tremendously.

Generally, design and

development of a product is very

expensive and companies have

to invest heavily during the initial

stages. The investment will

include cost for designing, rapid

prototyping ,machinery, material ,

man-power and so on. But by

using additive manufacturing

technologies, companies will be

able to cut down on overhead

costs drastically .

The time taken for development

also plays a vital role. Traditional

methods of manufacturing

require more. When compared ,

additive manufacturing can take

less than 50% time for

developing a product

The company can manufacture

their product according to the

market demand and can maintain

and manage a just-in-time type of

inventory were the companies

prints its products after it

receives the orders.

By using desktop and house-

hold printers even consumers

can print their own products of

object according to their needs.

Some printers have the capacity

to repair broken objects,

consumers can take advantage

of these additive manufacturing

technologies to print their own

creations.

Increased Innovation

Accelerates Time to

Market

Reduced Development

Costs

Rapid Manufacturing


technologies, many new designs can

be incorporated, and complex

structures can be created more

easily. This could not be achieved by

using traditional manufacturing

methods.

Objects can be printed within hours

and designs can be refined

accordingly to achieve more

perfection.

Customization of any product is

possible and changes can be made

according to customer requirements. Source: Frost & Sullivan

The consumer industry is adopting

additive manufacturing technologies

at a very fast pace for manufacturing

better products.

32 D6C5

All the additive manufacturing

printers require proper periodic

maintenance at frequent

intervals. Failure to perform

preventive maintenance can

make the printer unstable and

decrease its overall performance

standards.

The printers can be used for

producing illegal items, such as

functional weapons, drugs, and

knives. There is a high chance

that this technology will get

exploited for wrong and

dangerous purposes.


Commercial Industry–Market Challenges Explained

High Initial Cost

Limited Build Size

Limited Use of

Materials

Reliability and

Threat of Abuse The additive manufacturing printers

being used in the commercial

industry do not support all the

materials which are required or

desired to develop or manufacture a

product. Material compatibility of

such printers can be low compared

to other industrial-grade additive

manufacturing printers.

Though there have been many

innovations in the area of printers

related to the commercial industry,

there has been relatively limited

advancement in the research and

development of materials which the

industry most requires. However,

there has been work on customized

resins for less expensive

stereolithography printers.

Commercially used additive

manufacturing printers are

smaller in size and grade when

compared with industrial printers.

Due to the compactness of these

desktop and household printers,

the build size of the printer is

very limited.

Key participants in the additive

manufacturing market have been

developing and manufacturing

new three-dimensional printers

exclusively for the commercial

industry. Though the adoption

rate of this technology has been

high in the commercial industry,

the initial cost of purchasing and

implementing these systems is

high.

New commercial household and

desktop printers are constantly

being unveiled in the additive

manufacturing market. Though

the prices are lower compared to

industrial printers, the technical

capabilities of the smaller printers

can be somewhat limited.


Due to limited use of materials and

threat to abuse, adaptation of additive

manufacturing for commercial purpose

might get affected.

33 D6C5

IMPACT

HIGH

MEDIUM

LOW

HIGH

MEDIUM

LOW

DR

IVE

RS

C

HA

LL

EN

GE

S

Indicates

Short-Term Impact

(1-2 years)

Indicates

Long Term Impact

(5-7 years)

Accessibility in

Remote Places

High Initial Cost

Quality and taste of food Availability and

Scalability of Printers

Factors Influencing Technology Adoption in the Food

Industry–Market Drivers and Challenges

Indicates

Medium-Term

Impact

(3-4 years)

Exhibit:- Technology Adaption Drivers and Challenges, Global, 2014-2020.


Reduced waste

Hazardous and unsafe

Easy Nutritious

Food Preparation

Creating New Food

Shapes and Designs

34 D6C5


Food Industry–Market Drivers Explained

Using food printing, 3D printer

users will be able to produce

food according to the nutrition

and calorie level they require.

When compared to the

traditional method of cooking,

3D printed food is much easier

to prepare food, but the

cartridges should be refilled with

food.

The quantity of different foods

can be measured precisely for

its proteins, minerals

carbohydrates and other values

separately before preparation.

When cooked, traditionally

edible food gets wasted and in

some cases excess food is

produced. By using a 3D printer,

the required and precise amount

of food can be printed.

If the food produced is not

satisfactory, it can again be

loaded back into the 3D printers’

cartridges and used for printing

again.

Different designs and a variety of

shapes, sizes and decorations

can be easily loaded on the

printer and the food can be

produced accordingly.

By 3D printing food, new textures

for food can be created, which

can enhance the eating

experience and at the same time

food construction and luxury

foods can easily be printed with

ease.

Since in most instances, the food

is blended into a puree,

companies are also preparing

special recipes which will suit

elderly persons who have

difficulties in chewing and eating

hard vegetables and meat.

Accessibility in

Remote Places

Easy Nutritious

Food Preparation

Reduced waste

Creating New Food

Shapes and Designs

3D printers can be easily

transported to remote and

inaccessible areas. The military

has deployed 3D printers in

battlefields and camps so that

soldiers can print their own food.

NASA, based in the US, is

exploring sending 3D printers

along with space missions. This

will help astronauts to print their

own food and also eliminates the

need for packing space food. Source: Frost & Sullivan

The global sales of food in the Japan,

USA and Europe was estimated to be

225-300 billion US Dollars in 2014.

35 D6C5

Though there have been many

new innovations constantly being

implemented in the additive

manufacturing sector, there is

limited availability of a wide

range of food 3D printers.

Although it is easier to produce a

meal using a 3D printer, it is a

time consuming process. Multiple

meals cannot be created at the

same time.


Food Industry–Market Challenges Explained

High Initial Cost

Quality and taste of food

Hazardous and unsafe

Availability and

Scalability of Printers

The food printers should be

properly maintained. The printer

parts, cartridges and components

should be cleaned immediately

after every use. Failure to clean

these parts might cause food

particles and other impurities to

get accumulated inside and

might also lead to rust formation

in the containers, cartridges and

parts of the printer which might

harm the health of the user when

consumed.

Printers generally tend to use

more power than other common

household products and also

emit harmful gas which might

effect the food being printed and

the person consuming it.

In most circumstances, the

vegetables and the meat should be

pre-cooked, and blended into a

paste which affects the taste and

the quality of the food being

prepared. Due to the varying

texture of the food being printed,

most people might not like the taste

of the food. The consistency of the

food that is filled in the cartridges

should be proper otherwise it will

also effect the taste and texture of

the final product.

Considering the current adoption

rate of additive manufacturing

technologies in the food industry,

the initial cost of purchasing and

implementing the food printing

3D printers will be very

expensive.

For restaurant, military and

space mission purposes, more

research and development is

required. Many key factors will be

at play and should be considered

before deploying the printers.

The printing systems will require

time and multiple trials before

implementation in the initial

stages.


The availability of printers which are

capable of three dimensionally

printing all kinds of different foods is

only a handful.

36 D6C5

Assessment of Key Innovations

37 D6C5

WinSun Decoration Design

Engineering Co. has patented a

special ink and a 3D printer

which is used to print structures

of a building. The company built

a six-story house by using

different additive manufacturing

techniques.

Special Ink and 3d Printer for Construction Sector WinSun Decoration Design Engineering Co.

Innovation Description

• The special ink consists of construction and industrial waste like sand, fiberglass and

concrete.

• The company used a specially designed giant 3D printing machine which measures

132 feet long, 20 feet tall and 33 feet in height.

• The company was able to three dimensionally print an entire apartment building of

1100 square feet that is six stories high in China.

Company strategy: The company is also planning to improve their 3D services and materials by opening a hundred material recycling facilities around China to meet the current customer demands and aims to construct more buildings using

additive manufacturing technologies.

• When compared to the traditional method of building a six story house, the company was able to save 60% on the

materials cost by using re-cycled and waste materials.

• The company was also able to save 80% in labor and man-power cost and 30% in in the overall time required to

normally construct a building.

• The specially designed printer is 10 meters wide, 150 meters long and 6.6 meters tall and can print at a production

efficiency ten times greater that the conventional printers currently in the market.

• The company is collaborating with Nile Sand Material Technology Co. Ltd. to build factories in remote areas by using a

sand printer.

Technology Capability


38 D6C5

Clayton Homes has collaborated

with the Department of Energy’s

Oak Ridge National laboratory

and has three dimensionally

printed a car and a house which

power each other using the bi-

directional energy flow concept.

3D Printed House Clayton Homes Collaboration with ONRL


• The innovative, specially designed Additive Manufacturing Integrated Energy (AMIE)

platform helps to transfer energy bi-directionally between the home and car. The

company has also collaborated with Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, an architectural

firm, to construct the 210 sq ft (square feet) house using additive manufacturing

techniques.

• Using different additive manufacturing technologies, the company was able to 3D

print an entire car. Most of the car components are built using carbon fiber reinforced

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) plastic composite materials.

Company strategy: The company is now planning to develop an improved version of the AMIE system which will offer increased performance and better overall efficiency. At the same time, another team from the company is working on new

designs and innovations to optimize the performance of the three dimensionally printed car.

• The house will be equipped with insulated vacuum panels on the rooftop and a 302kW (Kilo Watt) photovoltaic system

• The house can charge the car’s batteries and the car can charge the AIME system of the house simultaneously with an

overall efficiency of 85%.

• The vehicle uses an electric hybrid powertrain AND natural gas as fuel. The weight of the vehicle is 1,819 kgs and is

fitted 5.5 kW combustion engine/generator and has a top speed of 60 mph (Miles per hour)

• The Additive Manufacturing Integrated Energy (AMIE) has an efficiency of 85% and helps in bidirectional wireless power

transfer using resonant technology.



39 D6C5

Coca Cola in collaboration with

3D Systems and Will.I.Am

(music celebrity) has designed

and developed a new 3D printer

called EKOCYCLE cube.

Plastic Jet Printing for Commercial Applications Coca Cola – EKOCYCLE Printer


• This printer uses recyclable plastic bottles as materials and plastic jet printing

technology to print the desired objects.

• The cartridges, which are moisture locked to ensure proper flow of the material, can

hold up to three plastic bottles.

• The printer has a resolution of 70-microns and a speed of six cubes in size and can

print dual colored recycled plastic products.

Company strategy: The company has already commercialized the EKOCYCLE printer in early 2015. the printer is available for sale at 3D Systems’ online consumer hub Cubify™. 3D Systems also gives its customers $US5.00 dollars for every printer

cartridge they return.

• The printer has a built-in colored touch screen along with a built-in user interface and auto-levelling feature.

• The build envelope of the printer is 6 inches in the XYZ axis.

• 25 Personalized designs developed by Will.I.am related to music, fashion, technology and accessories are pre-loaded

into the printer’s user interface.

• The recycled plastic filament at present can only be printed in limited colors, such as white, black, red and the natural

color of the plastics being used.

• The locking system of cartridges is easy to load and at the same time preserves the quality of the material.



40 D6C5

• Sols is a company which uses

additive manufacturing

technology to print customized

shoe insoles and orthotics.

• The specially designed 3D

printed shoe called ADAPTIV

can monitor a user’s

movements.

Advanced 3D Printed Shoes Sols–Customized shoes In-Soles and ADAPTIV Shoes


• The customer takes pictures and videos of both feet using the Sols mobile application,

which also has options for customization of colors and designs.

• The mobile application creates thousands of data points which the company uses to

print the insoles using laser sintering technology.

• Similarly, the shells, in-soles and mid-soles of the ADAPTIV shoes are printed using

additive manufacturing technology.

Company strategy: The company has already commercialized the customized in-soles and has been taking a large number of orders everyday. Sols has also collaborated with WebPT, which provides access to buy SOLS products at a

discounted price to all its 43,000 customers which includes 7,000 clinics across the globe The company is still working on

improving the performance and features of the ADAPTIV shoes to provide more comfort to the user.

• The ADAPTIV shoe is integrated with gyroscopes and pressure sensors which help to monitor the movements of the

user. According to these movements, the air and fluid pressure flow in the interior of the shoes changes to provide more

comfort to the user with the help of the adjustable 3D printed silicone air pockets which will inflate and deflate

accordingly. The shoe is also designed in such a manner that it can support the ankle, foot, and the whole body of the

user during different movements.

• The custom in-soles manufactured by the company are printed using NASA grade nylon-11 powder and other materials

like leather and neoprene.



41 D6C5

Seiko Optical has used additive

manufacturing technologies to

three dimensionally print a sports

eyewear collection called

Xchanger. The eyewear

collection was also awarded

Silmo d’Or award for excellence

in the optical industry.

3D Printer for Sports Eyewear Seiko Optical- Xchanger Eyewear Collection


• Seiko Optical Europe has collaborated with Materialise (a 3D printing service and

software provider) and Hoet Design Studio, to design and manufacture 3D printed

sports eyewear using additive manufacturing technologies.

• The eyewear collection was printed using the laser sintering process.

• The frames are of high quality and are protected from UV rays, sweat, wear and tear.

• The eyewear collection offers customers a choice of nine vibrant colors.

Company strategy: Seiko Optical is one of the first companies to use additive manufacturing technologies to manufacture three dimensionally printed eyewear. The company allows users to customize the Xchanger eyewear and order it online after

which the eyewear would be shipped to them within 15 days. The company is also planning to use additive manufacturing

technologies to manufacture existing and new eyewear and improve the eyewear’s standards.

• The eyewear was printed using a certified bio-compatible material which has a molecular structure similar to silk.

• The material is stronger than acetate but at the same time lighter than titanium with a high resistance level.

• By using additive manufacturing technologies, Seiko was able to integrate the anti-fog system in the eyewear using a

lens-changing mechanism which cannot be achieved using traditional manufacturing methods. This provides the lens

with more curvature and a wider viewing angle for the user.

• Materialise used an Additive Manufacturing Control Platform (AMCP) and the Materialise software platform to ensure

control and quality of the entire production from the initial stage of designing to printing the eyewear.



42 D6C5

Adidas has entered the additive

manufacturing market by 3D

printing the mid-sole of shoes

using plastic waste collected

from the ocean. This shoe

collection by Adidas is called

“Futurecraft 3D”.

3D Printed Shoes using Plastic Waste Adidas - Futurecraft 3D


• Adidas, the sporting goods giant has collaborated with Parley for the Oceans (a

movement to clean plastic waste from the ocean) and with Materialise, a key

participant in the 3D printing services market, to 3D print the mid-sole of a shoe using

the plastic waste collected from the ocean.

• This shoe, called Futurecraft 3D, is light in weight and the mid-soles of the shoe are

flexible and strong.

• The midsoles used durable, very flexible polyurethane 3D printing material

Company strategy: The Futurecarft project of Adidas is still in the prototyping stages. The company has now planned to incorporate additive manufacturing technologies in its manufacturing process cycle for designing, developing, and rapid

prototyping of shoes. The company is also planning to use this technology to start new innovative projects which will have a

great impact on shoe culture.

• The mid-soles were printed using laser sintering technology.

• The upper shell of the shoe is made from waste plastic collected from the ocean and the mid-soles are 3D printed using

gillnets and recycled polyester.

• The Materialse team used an additive manufacturing control process called “Streamics” to control and ensure the

repeatable production and maintaining the quality of the printed shoes.



43 D6C5

FoodJet printing systems has

collaborated with Biozoon and

Sanalogic and has developed a

new concept called

PERFORMANCE (Personalized

Food FOR THE Nutrition of

Elderly Consumers).

Food for Elderly People FoodJet Printing Systems- PERFORMANCE


• The European PERFORMANCE project and concept was developed to provide three

dimensionally printed food for elderly people who have problems with chewing and

swallowing their food due to the loss of eating abilities.

• The concept involves taking pureed ingredients and three dimensionally printing them

using jet printing technology.

• Sanalogic has developed and programmed a new algorithm which is used to monitor

every patients nutritional needs on a weekly basis. According to the nutritional value of

the elderly person, the food is redesigned and customized.

Company strategy: The company is now planning to use this concept in homes for the elderly, who have a difficult time eating food. Many hospitals have also implemented this concept for the betterment of patients. This concept is also already

being implemented in many European countries and has had a great impact on serving food for elderly persons.

• The 3D printer was developed by FoodJet printing systems based on jet technology.

• The printer uses a gelling agent to shape and support the strained and pureed food and has the capabilities to print

almost all kinds of pureed food.

• This printer is also used for decorating purposes. The design is uploaded as a CAD file to the and the printer

immediately starts to print the design accordingly.

• The product cycle of the food being prepared has become shorter. The printer has the capability to print thousands of

items in one hour.



44 D6C5

The Choc Edge 2.0 Plus can 3D

print chocolate in the desired

dimensions. The printer has a

three dimensional motion

platform and is equipped with a

temperature-controlled printing

head and quick-install syringe.

3D Printed Chocolates Choc Edge- Choc Edge 2.0 Plus


• Choc Edge is one of the first companies to start and enter the 3D printing food

market.

• The printer is also supported with a USB port to easily upload various designs into its

system.

• The printer has the capabilities to print chocolate line tracks from 0.5mm to 1.5mm

and can print all kinds of chocolates such as dark, milk, or white chocolate in various

sizes and shapes.

Company strategy: The company already commercialized the Choc Edge 2.0 Plus food printer in the market in 2015. Choc Edge 2.0 Plus has better performance and efficiency when compared to the previous Choc Edge printer developed by the

company.

• The printer has a print volume of 50 mm (millimeters) in width, 180mm in height and breadth and a build envelope of

175mm x 175mm x 65mm in the respective XYZ axis.

• The printer uses open sourced software which is very user friendly and also has a maximum linear speed of

2000mm/min.(millimeters per minute).

• To extrude the chocolate precisely from the quick-install syringe, which has 30 milliliters capacity, the printer uses a

small stepper motor.

• The design files can be uploaded in the G-code (standard CNC machining language) or STL files (standard 3D printing

file) format using the USB port.



45 D6C5

Technology Benchmarking -

AHP Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing

Technologies for the Construction Industry

46 D6C5

Evaluation of AM Technologies for the Construction Industry

Technology Capabilities

Readiness level

Production rate

Material compatibility

Application Aspects

Versatility Scalability

Market Aspects

Strength of eco-system

Market opportunities in (2016-2021)

Selective Laser Sintering Fused Deposition Modeling Stereolithography

AHP Tree-Evaluation of AM Technologies for the

Construction Industry


Goal

Level 0

Level 1

Alternatives

47 D6C5

71%

19%

10%

AHP: Level 0 Criteria Evaluation

TechnologyCapabilities

ApplicationAspects

Market Aspects

Level 0 Criteria Priority Values in %

Technology Capabilities 71

Application Aspects 19

Market Aspects 10

Level 0 Criteria

Description

Technology

Capabilities

This criteria refers to the capabilities of the additive

manufacturing technology offering in relation to the

construction industry.

Application

Aspects

This criteria deals with the application aspects the

additive manufacturing technologies are predominantly

used for. The most important criteria in this space is

scalability.

Market

Aspects

In this criteria, the main aspects are market opportunities,

requirements and the strength of the different additive

manufacturing technologies in the innovation eco-system.

Key Takeaways:-

• The technology capability aspect is a major factor for wide-scale

adoption of the additive manufacturing process in the construction

industry. According to the technology’s capability to serve the

requirements of the construction industry, the readiness of the

technology is also determined.

• From the level 0 criteria analysis, it is evident that the technology

capability aspect is given major importance followed by application

aspects and market aspects. Technology capability is very important

for wide-scale adoption of additive manufacturing technologies in the

construction industry.



48 D6C5

Level 1 Criteria

Description

Readiness Level This criteria determines the readiness level of additive

manufacturing technologies in the construction industry.

Production Rate The production rate and capabilities of a technology play a major

role in adoption of the technology.

Material

Compatibility

The construction industry uses a wide range of materials and

most of them are not compatible for the developed printer.

Depending on the technology’s material capabilities, the

technology is used by the industry.

Versatility Versatility of additive manufacturing technology in the

construction industry depends on the breadth of the technology

and how various tasks can be achieved with ease.

Scalability The construction industry requires additive manufacturing

technologies which have the capability to produce large-scale

components and structures.

Strength of

Innovation

ecosystem

Many innovations are being made to optimize and improve the

efficiency and increase performance according to industry

requirements.

Market

opportunities

(2016-2021)

The market for additive manufacturing technologies is expected

to witness tremendous growth in the near future (2016-2021)

due to increasing opportunities in the construction industry.


Level 1 Criteria Final Priority Values

in %

Readiness Level 40

Production Rate 7

Material Compatibility 16

Versatility 20

Scalability 4

Strength of Innovation eco-system 11

Market opportunities (2016-2021) 2

40%

7% 16%

20%

4% 11%

2% AHP: Level 1 Criteria Evaluation

Readiness Level

Production Rate

MaterialCompatibility

Versatality

Scalability


49 D6C5

AHP: Alternatives for the Construction Industry

Alternatives Final Priority Values

Selective Laser Sintering 49%

Fused Deposition Modeling 32%

Stereolithography 19%

AM Tech. Ranking

Selective Laser Sintering 1

Fused Deposition Modeling 2

Stereolithography 3

• From the AHP analysis it is evident that selective laser sintering

technology will have the maximum impact on the construction industry.

This technology has the maximum technology capability and will be used

on a very large scale in the industry. The establishment of the technology

depends on the wide application potential that the technology will offer to

the construction industry.

• Selective laser sintering technology addresses the current needs of the

construction industry. Many research and innovations are constantly

being implemented to optimize and improve the technology to cater to

the needs of the market and increase the efficiency of each of the

manufacturing processes which the construction market has adopted.

• Fused deposition modeling is the next additive

manufacturing technology which has been adopted by, or

has opportunities in, the construction industry after selective

laser sintering. Though FDM can be slow on large or dense

parts and may have a somewhat less penetration in

construction market, the technology’s capabilities can offer

huge opportunities for deployment in the construction

industry for manufacturing purposes.

• From the AHP analysis, stereo-lithography is ranked third of out

the three additive manufacturing technologies chosen for the

construction industry. Due to relatively few innovations for this

industry and ineffective material and technology capabilities, this

technology's adoption level is comparatively low in the construction

industry.

49%

32%

19%

Evaluation of Alternatives and Insights



Stereo-lithography


50 D6C5



Technologies for the Commercial Industry

51 D6C5

Evaluation of AM Technologies for the Commercial Industry


Readiness level

Production rate


Application Aspects


Market Aspects




AHP Tree-Evaluation of AM Technologies for Commercial

Industry


Goal

Level 0

Level 1

Alternatives

52 D6C5

Level 0 Criteria Priority Values in %

Technology Capabilities 71

Application Aspects 19

Market Aspects 10

Level 0 Criteria

Description

Technology

Capabilities


manufacturing technology offering in relation to the

commercial industry requirements.

Application

Aspects

This criteria deals with the various applications additive

manufacturing technologies are predominantly used for

within in the commercial industry. The most important

criteria in this space is scalability.

Market

Aspects




Key Takeaways:-

• The technology capability aspect is the major factor for wide-scale

adoption of additive manufacturing processes in the commercial

industry. According to the technology’s capability to serve the

requirements of this industry, the readiness of the technology is also

determined. At present, the technology’s capabilities in this industry

require improvements for better performance to cater to industry

needs.


capability aspect is given major importance followed by application

aspects and market aspects.


71%

19%

10%



ApplicationAspects

MarketAspects


53 D6C5

Level 1 Criteria Description


manufacturing technologies in the commercial industry.


role in adopting the technology for production.

Material

Compatibility

The commercial industry uses a wide range of materials and

most of them are not compatible with the developed printer.

Depending on the technology’s material capabilities, various

technologies are used by the industry.

Versatility The versatility of additive manufacturing technology in the

commercial industry depends on the breadth of the technology

and how various tasks can be achieved with ease and efficiency.

Scalability The commercial industry requires additive manufacturing

technologies which have the capability to produce large

components and objects with a variety of materials.

Strength of

Innovation eco-

system

Many innovations are being made to optimize and improve the

efficiency and increase the performance of additive

manufacturing technologies according to the industry

requirements.

Market

opportunities

(2016-2021)

The market for additive manufacturing technologies is expected

to witness very significant growth in the near future (2016-2021)

due to increasing opportunities in the commercial industry.


Level 1 Criteria Final Priority Values

Readiness Level 46%

Production Rate 14%

Material Compatibility 12%

Versatility 16%

Scalability 2%

Strength of Innovation eco-system 9%

Market opportunities (2016-2021) 1%

46%

14%

12%

16%

2% 9%

1%

AHP: Level 1 Criteria Evaluation Readiness Level

Production Rate

Material Compatibility

Versatality

Scalability

Strength of innovationeco-system

Market opportunities(2016-2021)


54 D6C5

Alternatives Final Priority Values

Selective Laser Sintering 44%

Fused Deposition Modeling 30%

Stereolithography 26%

Alternatives Ranking

Selective Laser Sintering 1

Fused Deposition Modeling 2

Stereolithography 3

• From the AHP analysis it is evident that selective laser sintering

technology will have the maximum impact on the commercial industry.

This technology has the maximum technology capability and is being

used extensively for designing, rapid prototyping and manufacturing

purposes. The establishment of the technology depends on the wide

application potential that the technology will offer to the commercial

industry for commercial product manufacturing purposes.

• Selective laser sintering technology addresses the current needs of the

commercial industry. Research is being carried out to optimize and

improve the technology accordingly to the needs of the market and to

increase the efficiency of each of the manufacturing processes that the

commercial market has adopted for manufacturing purposes.

• Fused deposition modeling is the next additive

manufacturing technology which has been adopted by the

commercial industry after selective laser sintering. Even

though market aspect is comparatively less, the

technology capabilities of this technology, particularly

lower-cost fused filament fabrication machines, provides a

big advantage to the commercial industry. Many

companies in the commercial industry are using this

technology for obtaining an optimized and efficient

production of items.

• From the AHP analysis, stereolithography is ranked third of out

the three additive manufacturing technologies chosen for the

commercial industry. Though les expensive SLA machines are

available, there is room for greater adoption of this technology. Source:

44%

26%

30%

Evaluation of Alternatives and Insights


Stereolithography


AHP: Alternatives for the Commercial Industry

55 D6C5



Technologies for the Food Industry

56 D6C5

Evaluation of AM Technologies for the Food Industry


Readiness level

Production rate


Application Aspects


Market Aspects




AHP Tree-Evaluation of AM Technologies for Commercial

Industry


Goal

Level 0

Level 1

Alternatives

57 D6C5

Level 0 Criteria Priority Values

Technology Capabilities 65%

Application Aspects 19%

Market Aspects 16%

Level 0 Criteria

Description

Technology

Capabilities


manufacturing technology offering in relation to the food

industry.

Application

Aspects

This criteria deals with the application aspects the

additive manufacturing technologies are predominantly

used for. The most important criteria in this space is

scalability and versatility of the technologies.

Market

Aspects




Key Takeaways:-

• The readiness and production rate of the additive manufacturing

technologies are key factors to be considered for adoption of these

technologies in the food industry. These major factors determine the

capability of the technology to meet the requirements of the food

industry.


capability aspect is given the major importance followed by

application aspect and market aspect. Though technology capability-

wise these technologies are mature, they do not fully address the

application requirements of the food industry.


65%

19%

16%



Application Aspects

Market Aspects


58 D6C5

Level 1 Criteria Description


manufacturing technologies in the food industry.


role in adopting the technology. Production and lead time are

important criteria for any manufacturing technology.

Material

Compatibility

The food industry does not use any kind of materials. But it is very

important to innovate the technology in such a manner that it can

three dimensionally print all kinds of food in a single prin

Documents

Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Emerging ...namic.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/additive... · Additive manufacturing technologies are mainly used for engineering, designing,