A Survey of Smart Control System for Poultry Farm

Techniques

Mohammad R. Ahmadi a, Naseer Ali Hussien b, Ghassan F. Smaisimc,d,*, Naser M Falai a a Faculty of Science, University of Kashan, Iran

b Faculty of Education, Wasit University, Iraq c Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Iraq

d Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Unit (NAMRU), Faculty of Engineering,

University of Kufa, Iraq

* Corresponding Author: Ghassan.smaisim@uokufa.edu.iq

Abstract. Agriculture and poultry are the backbones of any country’s economy

indeed; there is a strong correlation between agricultural growth and economic

prosperity. In fact, from last few years, the chicken production had increased as

standardized farming managing and best industrial practices. Backing to

agricultural produce survey, chicken is the best favorite food, as it provides low

cholesterol, low fat, rich protein, and low energy compared with another type of

poultries. This paper highlighted the smart control system (intelligent farm) with

their types such as Zigbee, Raspberry Pi, and the integration of wireless sensors

and GPRS. These types have been designed in order to control automatically

monitor environment limitations in a poultry farm. Finally, the previous

techniques and strategies for smart control system have been compared in a table

with their drawbacks.

Keywords: Intelligent Farm, Wireless Sensors, Zigbee, Raspberry PI, Arduino

1 Introduction

Day by day, new techniques were developed to control artificially in the agricultural

wealthy country and the important spot in Iraq as the eggs and chicken meat are critical

and rich wellsprings of protein vitamins and minerals. Poultry gives rich natural

excrement and is an essential wellspring of pay and job to a huge number of farmers

and different persons occupied with united exercises in the poultry business. Chicken

is the most broadly acknowledged meat in Iraq. In most of the countries, the demand

for poultry meat is increasing progressively because of high protein, low energy, and

low cholesterol meat. The high production of chicken depends on the environment, the

breeding process and the active operations [1]. The smart process involves many stages,

e.g., management, feeding/planting, quality assurance, environment control, and

performance and reliability as stated in [2]. This arrangement will increase the cost

2

benefits, reduces the jobs in the poultry employees as mentioned by [3]. The most

important factor in a smart control system for poultry farm is the temperature of the

henhouse which it should be 16 to 24oC as stated in [4-5]. The calibration is so

important to insure the correct values of the thermocouples reading for the temperature

and humidity [6-8]. A calibration process was produced to compare between the digital

thermometer and thermometer calibrator by [9-12]. At higher temperatures, the birds

consume less food and convert the feed less efficiently. In colder environments, birds

eat more feed to sustain normal body temperature. When birds feed is converted to heat

energy by warmth, the bird daily growth rate is reduced and mortality increases. It also

leads to impaired immunity of the digestive system, increases the probability of

contracting diseases, and reduces the overall poultry performance. However, the

optimal RE temperature values depend also on the growing period of the broiler where

each life period has an appropriate temperature. The relative humidity for optimal

growing is between 50% and 70% [13-14]. High relative humidity results in favorable

conditions for microbial pollution growth in poultry litter, which increases the

generation of ammonia (NH3) and CO2. High level of NH3 leads to reduced feed

conversions, poor weight advances, and augmented susceptibility of sickness, while

great CO2 levels lead to tired chickens and reduced weight gains. Humidity is related

to climate and its control processes in summer and winter are variable. However, the

only practical technique to remove excess moisture from the henhouse is through

ventilation where fan circulation should be optimized to achieve fresh air transport from

outside to inside, from floor to ceiling, and from terminus to another. The air quality is

very crucial for the birds since bad air quality increases the mortality rate [15-16].

Another sections of the paper will be: Section 2 illustrates the Smart Control System.

Section 3 illustrates the related work with concluding remarks are made in Section 4.

2 Smart Control System

There are many difficulties of the traditional system which used to control the poultry

farms like a low energy efficiency as well as high power consumption. The smart

control system has many benefits like the high energy efficiency beside the illumination

range in the farm could be improved and get 10 times more than the normal farm. Also,

the remote control system could be used to manage the farm automatically by

smartphone and PC [17]. The study of [18] declared that using incandescent lamps by

will save about 70% of electric power. Intermittent lighting programs and light-emitting

diode (LED) saved the power too in a significant amount beside the long life of devices

and good lighting efficiency as mentioned in [19]. LED is a semiconductor that emits

light at a comparative thin spectrum, the bulb color be governed by the condition and

composition of the semiconductor substantial [20]. In fact, the smart control system for

engineering applications responds to initiate their functions according to these changes,

inducements variations and to the motivations could originate internally or externally.

3

From the early stages, materials knowledge has experienced a different development of

the control system to activate the functions of the poultry farms. There are six types of

the smart control system that are used in the poultry farm. These types are discussed

below.

1. An Integrated Solution Using WSN and GPRS

Rupesh Muttha et al [21] produced the poultry farm monitoring using GPRS based

Network with Wireless Sensors. The control system was monitors the food amount,

water level beside the humidity and temperature of the farm and the signals were sent

to the farmer about the all parameters anywhere and anytime using GPRS.

2. Wireless Sensors Network

Roham et al [22] designed and monitored a smart system to collect many climatic

limitations insert the network of wireless sensors in greenhouses, which connected to

Beagle Bone Controller. This device is assembling the parameters of the climatic and

grouped into the database of the web server. Smartphone and web applications resolve

parameters and expect the environmental circumstances.

3. Internet based Smart Poultry Farm

Sravanth Goud et al [23] presented the new system of the mobile network with the

wireless sensor network to monitor the environmental conditions of the farm on screen.

The user can control the system using a message from the mobile to the network and

the temperature and humidity could be read and monitored on the mobile. If there is no

command received from the user, the system can react automatically using the saved

program in the system. This technique was very useful for the user who gets out his

farm for some time.

4. Incorporating Smart Sensing Technologies into the Poultry Industry

Gerard Corkery et al [24] elaborated a control system using a wireless monitoring to

record the environmental conditions through the poultry farm. The sensors will record

the values of the humidity, air temperature, velocity of the air inside the farm, light and

the values of NH3 and CO2. The system can compare the environmental parameters

with critical relevant conditions to reach the best conditions of the birds.

4

5. Smart Control System of Ammonia

Jawad K. Othman et al [25] produced an intelligent control system of the poultry farm

to record and monitor the values of the relative humidity, the air temperature and the

concentration of the NH3 for the farm and the outside climate. They developed the

system to receive a message from the system to smartphone about the values of these

parameters and then get another alert message if the values were a high level. This

system was very useful to observant the supervisor of the farm and helped to get a good

react in time.

6. Smart Control System with Raspberry PI and Arduino

Siwakorn Jindarat et al [26] has designed an intellectual structure using a smartphone

to manage the bird's farm. They programmed the Arduino and Raspberry PI by

controlling the speed of the fan to reach the comfortable conditions of the birds,

recorded the relative humidity of the farm and the filter fan system. They concluded

that the system was simple to the farmer and could be changed at any time to get the

critical values of the farm conditions according to the season's situations.

3 Related Work

This section highlights the contributions and solutions that have been proposed with

a smart control system for a poultry farm in order to monitor and control the

environmental conditions by using smart control systems. So-In C, et. al [27] has

focused on combine approach of the sensor network and mobile devices to manage and

monitor climate conditions and the constraints into the chicken farm. They allow the

owner to monitor the various environmental related parameters like a change in

temperature, moisture values by getting a mobile message. The system can react to the

user by sending a command by message to the control system to increase or decrease

the fan speed to reach the comfortable conditions of the birds. The system was activated

to control the farm with a little cost of the smart poultry farm monitoring system.

Mohannad Ibrahim et al [28] describe an approach to build a cost effective standardized

environmental monitoring device using the Raspberry-Pi (R-Pi) single-board computer.

The system was designed using Python Programming language and can be controlled

and accessed remotely through an Internet of Things platform. It takes information

about the surrounding environment through sensors and uploads it directly to the

internet, where it can be accessed anytime and anywhere through internet. Experimental

results demonstrated that the system is able to accurately measure: temperature,

humidity, light level and concentrations of the carbon monoxide harmful air pollutant,

the aim It takes information about the surrounding environment through sensors and

uploads it directly to the internet. Fangwu et al [92] has suggested an online monitoring

5

system for poultry farms on the environment based on ZigBee module. It will provide

a network of real time monitoring system, monitoring system involves node controller,

data receiver, data transmission and control node, which is TI's CC2430 based on

ZigBee interface technology. CO2 sensors use TGS4161, temperature and humidity

sensors use SHT75 to detect different environment al parameters. Through the analysis

of data transmission of system, simplifying the ZigBee protocol stack, the aim designed

data transmission protocols and communication formats of the system. . Rajesh et al

[30] have used Environment Controlled Poultry Management System (ECPMS) which

is utilizing minimal effort are equipment and open source programming. A thorough

framework is manufacture utilizing Raspberry Pi, utilized as a Linux installed

framework board and Arduino-Uno board for interfacing with various sensors. The

framework has been altogether explored for different physical parameters related with

powerful poultry administration which incorporates temperature, stickiness, dampness

content noticeable all around and air quality The framework lessens human mediation,

enhances asset use and expands poultry generation. Bilal and Khaled [31] proposed

wireless sensor network (WSN) in order to monitor and measure many poultry

environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, air quality, and amount of

light. The different sensors are disposed in particular positions in the farm in order to

better reveal, the realistic information. The collected farming data ware sent by means

of WSN via Zig Bee transceivers to the main controller based on PIC microcontroller

or PLC module. The main controller analyzes the various readings, compares them with

the standard levels, evaluates the presented situations, considers the portfolio of

foreseen cases, aim control of the parameters and achieves a comfortable environment

for the fowls. K.Sinduja et al [32] presented a flexible answer in a trial of up the

accuracy in observation the environmental conditions like temperature, water level,

feeding and reducing work force for industrial household’s poultry farm. A wireless

sensor network (WSN) was accustomed to monitor the essential environmental

conditions and every one the management processes square measure finished the

assistance Arduino ATmega2560 microcontroller. This method is capable of collection,

analyzing and presenting knowledge on Graphical User Interface (GUI). It conjointly

permits the user to urge the updated detector data at any time through the SMS entryway

service and sends alert message promptly sanctioning user minimizes the consequences

of environmental fluctuations caused by unforeseen changes and reduces the gone lab

our power of farms. According to Ayyappan.V et al [33] mentioned that, the

environmental parameters of a poultry farm such as temperature, humidity, and

ammonia gas are monitored and controlled automatically in order to increase the growth

of chicken. Water level also controlled and monitored with the help of sensor module.

By connecting all the sensor modules to the microcontroller all sensor values ware

acquired then using Wi Fi module it will be upload to the web page. The person in-

charge of the poultry farm can get the internal environmental situation of poultry farm

through PC or mobile phone using internet. This system will control temperature,

humidity, ammonia gas and water level with the help of cooling fan, exhaust fan,

6

ventilation window and DC motor without any human interface. While Sneha et al ]34]

had integrate the wireless sensors network with mobile system network in order to

control and monitor following environmental parameters such as temperature, relative

humidity and air impurity levels in a poultry farm. The authors have used (DHT22)

sensor module for temperature and relative humidity measurements and (MQ135)

sensor module are used for air pollution level measurement. Temperature and relative

humidity are remotely monitored through the internet. The values of measured variables

can be monitored in any smart phone that has the installed applications data dashboard

for LabVIEW installed. Rupali B. and S. S. Sonavane [35] have focused on the

integration of wireless sensors and GPRS network in order to control and automatically

monitor environmental parameters in a poultry farm. In this method, the person in

charge can able to get the internal environmental situation of poultry farm by receiving

a message on registered mobile number. System will initiate the action automatically

to control the environmental parameters when there is a sudden change in climate.

Water level control and food control mechanism is also monitored and controlled with

the help of sensor, all the sensors are connected with the ATMEGA324A

microcontroller, which can control and monitor all data. This method is providing

monitor system in order to monitor the healthy atmosphere for chickens in poultry farm

without human interference. In addition, K. Sravanth and Abraham ] 36[ have used

the integration of wireless sensors and mobile system network to control and remotely

monitor environmental parameters in a poultry farm. This system will warn the person

in-charge about the various environmental parameters by sending message to the

registered mobile number. The author concludes that, the water level is also monitored

and controlled as they play an important role in cooling the poultry farm. Hua Li et al

[37] proposed monitoring system based on wireless sensor network developed using

wireless sensor technology and computer network technology. Sensor data

compensation and correction were designed to be achieved using software and data

fitting methods, data reliable transmission achieved using a data loss recovery strategy,

and data missing during monitoring addressed using a self-decision and online filling

method. The operation test of the system showed that, the system was economic and

reliable which can enable wireless monitoring and Web display of the environmental

factors of a henhouse. Finally, the system can provide support for modern management

of henhouses. Han and Wang [38] have designed the generators as a hold up backing

device which can reduce a huge load on the national grid. His work aimed to examine

the permanence of a separate biogas control structure with changed operating

parameters. The power supply to the poultry farms has become uncertain and costly

too. Drishti, et. Al [39] has implemented an automatic sprayer with the smart lighting

system, and control of the farm temperature with sensitive sensors of motion that can

be worked as needed. The system saved energy efficiently. Kumar A, et. al [40]

proposed a new technique to monitor bird health conditions like heart pulse, skin

temperature, stress level connected to humidity table and record the climate and farm

conditions like humidity and temperature. Boopathy. S, et al. [41] has described that

7

the measurement of different parameters in poultry farm such as temperature, humidity,

level of water and valve control. Sallabi et. Al [42] has focused on the mobile system

network and wireless sensors to control and display the bird homestead. The poultry

holder can able to received information about the climatic condition of poultry on his

mobile number. The person can perform an action by resending the message to the

system when the system failed to perform its task. Water plays an important role in

cooling poultry farm. Remote sensors passing the value to the server which can be later

viewed on Google spreadsheets. Islam MS, et al. [43] has elaborated also an idea of a

biogas plant in poultry farm instead of diesel or natural gas generators as backup

support in Bangladesh. Poultry farm required a continuous power supply for monitoring

and taking care of chickens. Cost of diesel and natural gas is too high. Chickens on the

farm can able to produce their own power from poultry wastage. The aim of this system

is an innovation of a biogas power plant in poultry by utilizing the poultry wastage.

Okada et al. [44] have implemented Smart Farm with advanced technology. In this

system, the author has implemented an automatic lighting system, auto-sprinkler

system, in-house temperature control and security for poultry. According to

Poolsanguan and Rujirakul [45] mentioned that the water is an important nutrient and

the water intake is given to the birds by means of sprinklers. The amount of water

depends on the age of chickens, temperature, humidity, airflow, and summer and winter

seasons. They mentioned that the poultry is reacting with the light or sun stimulation to

eat nutrients at night and to continue the spawning process while an appropriate resting

period each day is crucial.

Divyavani Palle et al [46] designed and developed CC3200 made the Internet of

things IOT system to record the air temperature and relative humidity using the sensor

of type HRT-393. The register parameters were sent to the servers of Cloud technology

to save it and make a schedule for the farm for long period and compare it with the

same period recorded. Rajalakshmi and Mahalakshmi [47] presented an approach

Internet of Thing IOT which showed the interface of the goals with each other to get a

network. Intelligent system assistance to decrease the losses and the overall cost of the

poultry farm and increase the efficiency of the production .Through the few years, the

education and awareness of using smart control system increase around the world,

besides the safety of the birds and health food production. This paper is high lighted in

the technology-based solution for low cost, asset saving, quality oriented and

productive management of chicken framing. This study intended to explore utilizing

smart systems that used an Embedded Framework and Smartphone for monitoring

chicken farm to control environmental parameters using smart devices and technologies

[48]. Several factors influence lights such as light intensity, photoperiod, light source,

and wavelength. Ramgirwar and Dawande [49] explored FPGA as a program which is

associated with the levels of the relative humidity and farm temperature and Ammonia.

The system was helpful for the user to control the desired parameter values utilized of

the Internet of Things. While Minal Goswami et al [50] controlled and monitored the

8

register value of the parameters (relative humidity, temperature, CO2, light intensity

and soil moisture) using the concept of the Internet of Things of monitoring and control

of different environmental parameters accurately has emerged as a new field of

research. The concept of the Internet of Things (IOT) is also emerging very fast where

everything around us comes with an internet connectivity for monitoring and control.

Monitoring the environmental parameters and initiating a control action from the

internet is also part of this concept. This environment monitoring system is capable of

monitoring and control of environmental parameters like temperature, soil moisture,

CO2, light intensity and humidity for greenhouse and poultry farm. Node-MCU (ESP

8266) is used for node monitoring. Geetanjali et al [51] developed a wireless control

system and GPRS network by receive and send a command using a smartphone to

control the important parameters. The system can initialize according to the climate

conditions. like We focus on the integration of wireless sensors and to control and

automatically monitor environmental parameters in a poultry farm. The environmental

parameters like temperature, humidity, ammonia gas control etc. The person-in-charge

can able to get the internal environmental situation of poultry farm by receiving a

message on the registered mobile number. The system will initiate the action

automatically to control the environment. The previous works of the smart control

system in the poultry farm are summarized in Table 1.1. Nevertheless, all these

techniques have respective limitations and drawbacks.

Table 1. Previous Work of Smart Control System

Author Tech

nique

Advantages Limitations

J. Bang, I. Lee,

M. Noh, J. Lim,

and H. [16]

Wireless

sensor

network

(WSN)

Accepts light stimulation to

eat nutrients at night and to

continue the spawning

process while an appropriate

resting period each day is

crucial.

He doesn’t use the

analyzes of air quality and

Ammonia gas sensors, its

very importance.

Sravanth Goud

et al [23]

Wireless

sensors

GPRS

and

mobile

system.

The person can perform an

action by resending the

message to the system when

the system failed to perform

its task.

Used only temperature,

humidity, and amount of

light, water level and

food. He don’t used, air

quality.

9

So-In C, et

al. [27]

SMS The system allows the owner

to monitor the several

environmental

related conditions.

Use temperature,

humidity, ammonia gas,

intensity light without

water level control and

food.

Mohannad

Ibrahim et

al [82 ]

Raspberr

y-Pi

It takes information about

the surrounding environment

through sensors and uploads

it directly to the internet

He didn’t used level water

food controls.

Fangwu et

al [29]

ZigBee

designed data transmission

protocols and

communication formats of

the system

He used only

temperature, humidity

Rajesh et al

[03 ]

Rasp

berry Pi

and

Arduino

Enhances asset use and

expands poultry generation.

He doesn’t use light

intensity.

Bilal and

Khaled et

al [03 ]

ZigB

ee

Achieves a comfortable

environment for the fowls.

He doesn’t use food

control.

K.Sinduja et

al [08 ]

wirel

ess

Sensor

Network

(WSN

and

Arduino

)

,

Reduces the gone labor

power of farms.

He doesn’t use

ammonia and light

intensity.

Ayyappan.V et

al [00]

Wirel

ess

Sensor

Network

and IoT

Provides automated

poultry, reduces man power

and increases production of

healthy chicken.

He doesn’t use light

intensity.

Sneha et al

[03]

DHT

22 and

MQ135

Temperature control

crucial factor in the

environment of a poultry

farm.

He doesn’t use light

intensity.

10

Rupali B. and

S. S. Sonavane

[03]

ATM

EGA324

A and

Micro

Controll

er

Low cost, asset saving,

quality oriented and

productive management of

chicken framing.

He doesn’t use light

intensity.

K. Sravanth

and Abraham

[03]

CC32

00, IOT,

Remote

Monitori

ng

Provides an efficient

automated agriculture

monitoring system.

He doesn’t use light

intensity and food

control.

Hua Li et al

[03]

IoT

and

Wireless

Sensor

Network

s

Provides support for

modern management of

henhouses.

He doesn’t use food

control.

H. Han, and X.

wang.[38]

Wireless

sensor

network

(WSN)

An important nutrient and

the water intake are given to

the birds by means of

sprinklers.

He doesn’t use ammonia

gas, its very importance.

Drishti

Kanjilal, et al.

[39]

Raspberr

y Pi2,

Arduino

Automat

ic

systems.

Automation can moderate

the amount of manual human

efforts.

The systems implemented

automatic lighting

system, sprayer system,

inside conditions

management and security.

Kumar et al

[40]

Study

the

stress

level

with

humidity

values.

Animal health system for

monitoring the values as

skin temperature, humidity

and heart pulse

The system used

temperature, humidity

register.

Boopathy. S, et

al. [41]

Wireless

sensors

and

GPRS

network

The system record

temperature and humidity of

farm by obtain a message on

smartphone .

Doesn’t use light and

Ammonia gas, which is

very important.

11

Sallabi et al

[42]

Wireless

sensors

GPRS

and

mobile

system.

This system is innovation of

a biogas power plant in

poultry by utilizing the

poultry wastage.

He used only

temperature, humidity,

and amount of

light, water level and

food. He don’t used

Ammonia gas sensor.

Islam MS, et al

[43]

Natural

gas

generato

rs as

backup

support.

examine the standalone bio

gas control system with

many environment situations

Used ammonia gas only

for poultry farm.

Okada et

al.[44]

Automat

ion

systems.

Enhancing the security of the

farm.

Don’t used Ammonia gas

sensors.

Poolsanguan

and Rujirakul

[45]

Wireless

sensor

network

(WSN)

Algorithms can be applied to

identify the dead birds and to

detect the diseases especially

the pathogenic avian

influenza.

He doesn’t use

ammonia gas, its very

importance.

Divyavani

Palle et al [46]

IOT,

WIFI

The humidity and

temperature record and

saved by the ground station

system set up by ISRO.

Used only humidity and

temperature.

Rajalakshmi

and

Mahalakshmi

[47]

IOT. The farmers’ can able to

monitor the field conditions

from anywhere.

Temperature, humidity,

light and soil moisture

and systematize the

irrigation method.

Mahale and

Sonavane [48]

IOT. Intended to explore

utilizing an smart systems

that used smartphone and

Embedded Framework for

monitoring chicken.

Used temperature,

humidity, gas control, and

so forth.

Ramgirwar

and Dawande

[49]

IOT Control the

Environmental factors as

humidity, temperature and

gas without human

interference.

Don’t used air quality

12

Minal

Goswami et al

[50]

IOT Controlling action initiated

by mobile application

Don’t used Ammonia gas

Geetanjali et

al [51]

Wirel

ess

sensors

and

GPRS

The smart control system

provided an effective

automatic monitoring

without human interference

Don’t used light

intensity

4 Conclusion and Future Scope

In this paper, the details presented for a smart control system for poultry farm with

their factors and discussed the drawbacks of the previous techniques that are used in

the smart control systems. This paper is observed that there is a need for enhancing the

performance regarding the smart control system and we concluded that the

temperatures, humidifies, ammonia levels and light intensities are the most important

factors on the health of the fowl. The health of the poetry is very important to keep a

good production of the farm and the reduction of the power of the control system is

helping to reduce the overall cost of production. The air flow temperature through the

farm is important beside the relative humidity and Ammonia level that act on the

effective growth of the birds.

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