6 Kingdoms of Life Plants & Fungi Part II. What are Protists? Very diverse group of organisms...
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6 Kingdoms of Life Plants & Fungi Part II. What are Protists? Very diverse group of organisms containing over 200,000 species NOT members of the kingdoms
What are Protists? Very diverse group of organisms containing
over 200,000 species NOT members of the kingdoms plantae, animalia,
fungi or bacteria Eukaryotes Most are unicellular
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Protists Protists include many widely ranging microbes,
including slime molds, protozoa and primitive algae. Most are
unicellular Odds & Ends Kingdom
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Amoeba Euglena Rotifer Algae
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Protists Nutrition Protists can be autotrophs or
heterotrophs
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Classification of Protists Protists are classified by the way
they obtain food. 3 groups of Protists: Animal-like Plant-like
Fungus-like
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Animal-Like Protists Consume other organisms for food Known as
protozoan (first animals) Move around to find food Ex: Amoeba,
Paramecium
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Types of movements: Zooflagellates (flagella-whip like
structure that propel a cell to move
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Types of movements: Sarcodine Psuedopod- false foot-projection
of the cytoplasm
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Types of movements: Ciliates Cilia- hair like projection)
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Animal-like Protists: Sporozoans Parasitic to animals Do not
move on their own
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Feeding Structures Contractile vacuole- cavity used to collect
water and remove it from the cell. Food vacuole- cavity used that
temporality stores food. Oral groove- used to take in food.
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Drill Partners Turn to your neighbor and drill one another on
the four categories of animallike protists and how they move. Make
certain you both know the four categories and can recall them from
memory.
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Plant-Like Protists Produce their own food using chlorophyll
and photosynthesis. Ex: Euglena, Algae
Euglenophytes Commonly found in freshwater have two flagella
BUT NO CELL WALL Decendants of algae
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Plant-Like Protists Chrysophytes golden algae Found in
freshwater (lakes) Primary food source for zooplankton
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Plant-Like Protists Diatoms Among the most abundant, beautiful
major group of algaealgae Largest group of marine eukaryotes one of
the most common types of phytoplankton phytoplankton Producers in
food chain Most are unicellularunicellula
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Plant-Like Protists Dinoflagellates Large group of flagellate
protists Most are marine plankton Both autotrophs and heterotrophs
Combine photosynthesis with ingestion of prey Algal bloom of
dinoflagellates can result in red tide
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Fungus-Like Protists Consume dead or decaying matter Called
slime molds or water molds
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Protist Reproduction Congjuation Asexually by mitosis Sexually
using gametes
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Protists Some are beneficial Some protists can cause diseases
in humans, such as:
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Protists Disease Amebic dysentery Vector (carrier)
SymptomsDetails waterdiarrheacan get from tap water in some
places
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Protists Disease Giardiasis - (beaver fever) Vector (carrier)
SymptomsDetails waterdiarrhea, vomitingdon't drink water from
streams
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Protists Disease African Sleeping Sickness Vector (carrier)
SymptomsDetails Tse tse fly uncontrolled sleepiness, confusion Only
found in isolated areas lives in blood
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Protists Disease - Malaria 1.An infected mosquito bites a
human. 2.The mosquitoes saliva which has the Protist, gets into the
humans blood. 3.The Protist infects the human liver cells and red
blood cells, where it multiplies quickly. 4.This causes the RBCs to
burst and release more protists. 5.SYMPTOMS: fever, chills, death
6.results in millions deaths per year
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Ticket Out the Door What characteristics do these organisms
have that place them in the Kingdom Protista?
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Before we begin. Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Unicellular or multicellular? Do fungi have cell walls? How do they
obtain their food?
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Fungi The Kingdom Fungi includes some of the most important
organisms. By breaking down dead organic material, they continue
the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems.
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Mold Yeast Ringworm Mushrooms
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Forest fungi have many ecological roles DiversePlant pathogen
DecomposerFood Source Tree/Plant helperSome Poisonous
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Fungi All fungi are eukaryotic They may be unicellular or
multicellular All fungi have a cell wall Unicellular (yeast)
Multicellular
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Fungi Structure Fungi have a cell wall made of chitin. Chitin
gives the fungal cell wall strength and flexibility.
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Fungi Nutrition All fungi are heterotrophs They absorb
nutrients from dead organic matter They are saprophytes
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Decomposers Most fungi function as decomposers. Decomposers
break dead and decaying matter down into carbon and nitrogen. These
can be used by other organisms to make food.
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Fungi Fungi can be very helpful and delicious Many
antibacterial drugs are derived from fungi Penicillin
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Fungi Fungi also causes a number of plant and animal diseases:
Athlete's Foot
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Fungi Ringworm
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Fungi Locomotion Fungi are stationary They have root-like
structures that they use for attachment
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Fungal Structure The basic unit of fungi are hyphae. Hyphae
develop from fungal spores and elongate to form a network. This
network is known as a mycelium.
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Mushroom Anatomy
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Fungi Reproduction Fungi can reproduce asexually or
sexually.
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Sexual Reproduction Begins when two haploid (n) hyphae from two
mycelia release sexual signals If the mycelia are of different
mating types, they bind together and fuse The haploid nuclei
contributed by the two parents fuse, producing diploid cells.
Meiosis then restores the haploid condition, leading to the
formation of spores and genetic variation
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Asexual Reproduction Grow filamentous fungi that produce
haploid (n) spores by mitosis Budding (yeasts)
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There are 4 main types of Fungi (classified by how they
reproduce) 1.Zygospore (Zygosporangia) Bread molds Produce spores
Spores land a place with favorable conditions and produce hyphae.
These spores are contained in the sporangium.
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Spores are lightweight and can be dispersed by: Water Wind
Animals (birds and insects)
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There are 4 main types of Fungi 2. Club (Basidiomycetes)
Mushrooms & puffballs Release trillions of spores in cloud-like
bursts
Slide 50
There are 4 main types of Fungi 3.Sac (Ascomycetes) Yeasts
Yeasts grow by budding Yeasts are present almost everywhere
Slide 51
Yeasts Do not make their own food with photosynthesis Use food
and give off carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) through respiration This is how
yeast makes bread rise
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There are 4 main types of Fungi 4.Imperfect (Deuteromycetes)
penicillin
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Fungi Review Do not contain chlorophyll (non-photosynthetic)
Store food energy as glycogen Most are saprobes live on other dead
organisms Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the
environment Most are multi-cellular, but some unicellular like
yeast Non-motile Lack true roots, stems, & leaves Cell walls
are made of chitin (a complex polysaccharide)
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Symbiotic Relationships Fungi can live in mutualisitc
relationships with other organisms. Mycorrhizae fungus and plant
Hyphae help absorb nutrients for plant Plant makes food for fungus
Lichen fungus and algae Fungus provides water for the algae Algae
makes food for the fungus
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Examples of Mycorrhizae
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Examples of Lichen
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Conks Woody Sign of decay
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Cups, Puffballs, Earthstars Kingdom Fungi is a diverse
kingdom!
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Microscopy Photographs
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Fungus Exit Ticket Name 3 things about fungus that you feel you
understand well. Name 2 questions that you still have about fungus.
Name 1 thing that you found interesting from todays lesson.
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Plant All plants are multi-cellular Contain chlorophyll inside
of chloroplasts Cell wall made of cellulose Plants, also called
autotrophs or producers, trap energy from the sun by photosynthesis
& store it in organic compounds All plants reproduce
sexually
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Animal All multi-cellular Cells contain a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles Cells lack cell walls Heterotrophs (take in food
& internally digest it) Show levels of organization including
cell, tissue, organ, & organ system Cells are specialized for
particular functions