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39a - explain the roles of explorers and conquistadors, including Zheng He, Vasco DaGama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook, and Samuel de Champlain
39b - define the Columbian Exchange and its global economic and cultural impact
39c - explain the role of the improved technology in European exploration including the astrolabe
The Age of Exploration, Discovery, and Expansion
What were the motivations of early explorers?How did these motivations open up the world
as we know it today?
Essential Question (19.1)
Think about the still unexplored areas on our planet and in the Universe… why do we want to explore them? What is the benefit to mankind?
With an elbow partner, discuss… we will share this in 2 minutes…
GO!!!!
Activator
Introduction
How did the Renaissance encourage exploration?
How about the Crusades?
Making Connections
But why?Luxury goods from Asia
SpicesWhy spices?
Traditional trade routes took a long timeHow do you think they got from Europe to the
East?
Europeans seek new trades routes
God, Glory and Gold!God, Glory and Gold!God, Glory and Gold!
Bartolomeu Dias“To serve God and His majesty, to give light to
those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”
Another motivation… Christianity
The caravelMade it possible to sale against the windSturdierTriangular sails from Arabs
Better navigational techniquesThe Astrolabe
Technology to make it possible
The Astrolabe
Prince HenrySon of Portugal's KingWished to spread ChristianitySet up trade routes down the West Coast of
AfricaSlaves
Portugal leads the way…
1488 – Dias and his crew sailed down the coast of Africa to what is now known as the Cape of Good Hope
After storm, Dias realized they were on the other side
Bartolomeu Dias
In 1498, Da Gama reached IndiaThe first European to do soThe 27,000 mile journey had given Portugal a
direct route to Indiahttp://www.classzone.com/cz/books/wh_surve
y05/secured/resources/applications/ebook/swf/animations/whs05_019_534.html
Vasco Da Gama
Zheng HeUsed the magnetic compass to help navigate by
finding direction; made navigation more exactThe compass also helped European explorers
Explored to show Chinese superiorityExpeditions were cancelled because Chinese
officials though that they wasted valuable resources (cost too much)
Chinese Explorer
Zheng He
You have 2 minutes… starting now!
WORD VOMIT…. List as many things you know about Christopher columbus as possible….
Italian sea captainHis mission was funded by Spain
Find a sea route to India by sailing westShort-term impact: Increase tensions
between Spain and PortugalLong-term impact: Opened up the new world
to European settlers
In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the oceans blue…
Christopher Columbus
What was Bartolomeu Dias the first to do?What was Vasco da Gama the first to do?
Review
Portugal believed Columbus had reached AsiaThey believed Spain may have claimed lands
AFTER Portugal had discovered them (remember Vasco da Gama)
Pope suggested drawing an imaginary line in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean
Treaty of Tordessillas
What was Columbus’ goal?Who funded his mission?Explain the Treaty of Tordessillas.
Review
After Vasco da Gama, Portugal built a trading empire throughout the Indian Ocean.
The Dutch East India Trading CompanyHad power to mint money, make treaties, and
raise armiesThe Netherlands along with England eroded
Portuguese control of Asiahttp://www.classzone.com/cz/books/wh_survey0
5/secured/resources/applications/ebook/swf/animations/whs05_019_534.html
Trading Empires
1500 – 1800, Europeans battled for control over Southeast Asia
They also began to conquer this region
British and French Traders
3 – things you learned2 – things you want to learn more about1 – thing you have a question about
Summary
What was the early role of Spain in the Americas?
How has the influenced lasted and shaped the Americas today?
Essential Question(s)
It took Columbus nearly two months to reach land
He had not discovered a new sea route to Asia…
Her had actually reached an island in the Caribbean Sea Scholars think was the BahamasWhy did he call the native inhabitants that he
encountered “los indios?”
More Christopher Columbus
Columbus was granted permission/funds for three more tripsNo longer as an explorer but now as an Empire
builderHis mission was to start colonies
Territories controlled by another nation
Columbus
Columbus
1. What was Columbus looking for?2. What did he actually discover?3. On his later voyages, what was Columbus’
goal?4. What was Magellan's men/ships the first to
do?
Review
Explorer Year Nation Importance
Pedro Alvares Cabral
1500 Portugal Claimed Brazil for Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci
1501 Italian in service of Portugal
Claimed land was not part of Asia but of a “New World;” America named after him
Vasco Nunez Balboa
1513 Spain Marched across Panama to become the first European to see the Pacific Ocean
Other Explorers
Spanish ExplorerIn 1519, he set out to sail into the waters of
the Pacific and find the East IndiesMagellan reached the Philippines and was
killedHis crew continued to sail towards home
Only 1 ship of 5 made it and 18 of 250 menThe were the first persons to circumnavigate
the globeWhat does “circumnavigate” mean?
Ferdinand Magellan
The Ballad of Magellan
Spanish Explorers lured by rumors of riches
Carved out colonies in what would become Mexico, South America, and the United States
What was the result?Tremendous Spanish
influence in the New World
The Conquistadors
Name one explorer and his importance?
Review
Conquered the Aztecs in 1521Motivated by gold and richesOnly 600 men killed thousands of AztecsMany killed by disease
Hernando Cortes
Conquered the Incas in 1532Pizzarro’s army of 200 killed roughly 30,000
Inca warriors lead by Atahualpa
Francisco Pizzarro
http://www.history.com/videos/gold-pizarros-mayan-conquest#gold-pizarros-mayan-conquest
Settlers mixed with native peoples creating mestizo – mixed community
The Spanish were also oppressive rulersEncomienda - Landlords purchased the labor of
the native peoples from the Spanish government
Spain creates and empire
By the 16th Century, Spain is the richest, most powerful nation in the World
Explorers push north into what is now the United StatesPonce De Leon – claimed Florida for Spain in
1513Coronado – lead an expedition through what is
now Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas
Santa Fe, New Mexico founded by Catholic Priests in early 17th Century
The Spanish Empire
What is the importance of the Spanish Empire today?
Who were the Conquistadors and what was their motivation?
Review
Summarize today’s material in one word!
Chapter 20.2
How did the settlement of North America take place?
How does this shape the United States today?
Essential Questions
France, England, and the Netherlands claim land in North America!
Other European Nations stake a claim
Samuel De Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence with 32 colonists and founded QuebecQuebec became the base for France’s North
American holdings
New France
JamestownFounded in 1607First successful English colony7 out of 10 dies of hunger, starvation and
disease
England won’t be left out
PilgrimsCalvinists – What did Calvinists believe?Founded the Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts)
in 1620Fled Europe to exercise greater religious
freedomPuritans
Calvinists – were against the Anglican church… why?
Founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630
Pilgrims and Puritans
Henry HudsonEnglishmen in service of the NetherlandsWas searching for a Northwest sea route to
AsiaEnded up explorer the waterways of the
American North EastThe Dutch also colonized a great deal of the
Caribbean
The Dutch
Before and after the French and Indian War
European Powers go to war in North America
Many battles fought between colonists and Native Americans
King Phillips WarMetacom (also known as King Phillip) leads an
attack on colonists in MassachusettsColonists respond with massacre
Massacres on both sides
Fighting with Native Americans
Chapter 20.3