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Chapter 2Chapter 2
Section 3Section 3
Spanish conquistadorsSpanish conquistadors
Conquistadors-soldiers who led military Conquistadors-soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americasexpeditions in the Americas
Hernan Cortes-sailed to present day Hernan Cortes-sailed to present day Mexico, he had heard of a wealthy land Mexico, he had heard of a wealthy land ruled by Moctezuma IIruled by Moctezuma II
Aztec EmpireAztec Empire
Moctezeuma was the ruler of the Aztec Moctezeuma was the ruler of the Aztec Empire-it’s height of power was in the Empire-it’s height of power was in the early 1500’s.early 1500’s.
Tenochtitlan-capital, built in the middle of Tenochtitlan-capital, built in the middle of Lake Texcoco ( near present day Mexico Lake Texcoco ( near present day Mexico City).City).
Buildings and riches impressed SpanishBuildings and riches impressed Spanish
Aztec WarriorsAztec Warriors
Thousands of warriorsThousands of warriorsCortes has 508 soldiers, 100 sailors, 16 Cortes has 508 soldiers, 100 sailors, 16 horses, and some gunshorses, and some gunsCortes makes allies with the Aztec Cortes makes allies with the Aztec enemiesenemiesTries to be friends with Aztecs as a ploy-Tries to be friends with Aztecs as a ploy-takes overtakes overMany Aztecs killed by smallpox and Many Aztecs killed by smallpox and disease weakening the empire.disease weakening the empire.
Conquest of the Inca EmpireConquest of the Inca Empire
Francisco Pizarro-Spanish conquistadorFrancisco Pizarro-Spanish conquistador– Heard rumors about the Inca cities in South Heard rumors about the Inca cities in South
America ( Chile to Ecuador)America ( Chile to Ecuador)
Had less than 400 men in his armyHad less than 400 men in his army
Inca weapons no match for gunsInca weapons no match for guns
Captured the Inca capital-CuzcoCaptured the Inca capital-Cuzco
Killed the Inca leadersKilled the Inca leaders
Results of Spanish ConquistadorsResults of Spanish Conquistadors
Inca Empire destroyedInca Empire destroyed
Aztec Empire destroyedAztec Empire destroyed
¾ of all Aztec and Inca populations killed ¾ of all Aztec and Inca populations killed by diseases the Europeans broughtby diseases the Europeans brought
Much of the riches looted and lostMuch of the riches looted and lost
Spanish SettlementsSpanish Settlements
New Spain- the Spanish settlements in the New Spain- the Spanish settlements in the AmericasAmericas
Most emigrants were Spanish- Jewish, Most emigrants were Spanish- Jewish, Muslims and non-Christians forbidden to Muslims and non-Christians forbidden to settle in New Spainsettle in New Spain
Most emigrants were men, ¼ of total Most emigrants were men, ¼ of total emigration were womenemigration were women
Spanish Rule in AmericasSpanish Rule in Americas
Ruled by a system of royal officialsRuled by a system of royal officialsCouncil of the Indies –top officials in Spain Council of the Indies –top officials in Spain Two Viceroys ( royal governors)-appointed Two Viceroys ( royal governors)-appointed by Council to govern in Americasby Council to govern in AmericasViceroyalty of Peru-governed most of Viceroyalty of Peru-governed most of South AmericaSouth AmericaViceroyalty of New Spain governed all Viceroyalty of New Spain governed all Spanish territory in Central America and Spanish territory in Central America and southern part of USsouthern part of US
Settlements in New SpainSettlements in New SpainPueblos-trading posts and sometimes Pueblos-trading posts and sometimes central governmentcentral governmentMissions- settled by priests to convert Missions- settled by priests to convert Native Americans to CatholicismNative Americans to CatholicismPresidios- military bases to protect towns Presidios- military bases to protect towns and missionsand missions““El Camino Real”-The Royal Road ran El Camino Real”-The Royal Road ran hundreds of miles from Mexico City to hundreds of miles from Mexico City to Santa FeSanta Fe
Exploring the SoutheastExploring the Southeast
Juan Ponce de Leon- landed in Puerto Juan Ponce de Leon- landed in Puerto Rico in 1508Rico in 1508
Conquered the island and founded the city Conquered the island and founded the city of San Juanof San Juan
Discovered gold in Puerto Rico and was Discovered gold in Puerto Rico and was appointed governor of the colonyappointed governor of the colony
Search in Florida for fountain of youth-Search in Florida for fountain of youth-never foundnever found
Hernando de SotoHernando de Soto
Traveled through FloridaTraveled through Florida
Explored the Gulf of MexicoExplored the Gulf of Mexico
1539-landed in present day Tampa Bay1539-landed in present day Tampa Bay
Traveled north through Georgia and Traveled north through Georgia and Carolinas across Appalachian Mtns. Carolinas across Appalachian Mtns.
1541 discovered Mississippi River1541 discovered Mississippi River
1542 died after traveling into Oklahoma1542 died after traveling into Oklahoma
Exploring the SouthwestExploring the Southwest
De Vaca(1528) and 300 men landed in FloridaDe Vaca(1528) and 300 men landed in Florida
Traveled around Florida and eventually around Traveled around Florida and eventually around the coast to the Mississippi Riverthe coast to the Mississippi River
Ship wrecked and 4 people survived including Ship wrecked and 4 people survived including slave Estevanicoslave Estevanico
Captured and enslaved for 6 yearsCaptured and enslaved for 6 years
Escaped and returned to Spain-wrote a book Escaped and returned to Spain-wrote a book and called for better treatment of Native and called for better treatment of Native AmericansAmericans
Francisco Vasquez de CornadoFrancisco Vasquez de Cornado
Wanted to find the legendary 7 cities of Wanted to find the legendary 7 cities of gold in Southwest Americagold in Southwest America
Discovered the Grand CanyonDiscovered the Grand Canyon
Went through Kansas and OklahomaWent through Kansas and Oklahoma
Never found the cities of goldNever found the cities of gold
Spanish settlementsSpanish settlements
Spain grew rich from the gold/treasure of Spain grew rich from the gold/treasure of Native Americans and grew food in South Native Americans and grew food in South AmericaAmerica
3-4 million people lived here3-4 million people lived here
80% of the population was Native 80% of the population was Native AmericanAmerican
Treatment of Native AmericansTreatment of Native Americans
Peninsulares-people who came from Peninsulares-people who came from Spain to AmericasSpain to Americas– Held high government positionsHeld high government positions
Encomienda System-gave settlers the Encomienda System-gave settlers the right to tax Native Americans or make right to tax Native Americans or make them work in exchange, the settlers were them work in exchange, the settlers were supposed to protect them and convert supposed to protect them and convert them to Christianitythem to Christianity
Treatment cont.-Treatment cont.-
Most Spanish treated the Native Most Spanish treated the Native Americans like slavesAmericans like slavesForced to work in terrible conditions Forced to work in terrible conditions Spanish plantations-grew one kind of crop Spanish plantations-grew one kind of crop and were labor intensiveand were labor intensiveHaciendas-vast Spanish estates that grew Haciendas-vast Spanish estates that grew cash crops~forced Native Americans to cash crops~forced Native Americans to workworkForced to mine gold and silverForced to mine gold and silver
Role of the Catholic ChurchRole of the Catholic Church
Spanish king commanded they convert Spanish king commanded they convert Native Americans to ChristianityNative Americans to Christianity
Bartolommeo de Las Casa-protested the Bartolommeo de Las Casa-protested the treatment of Native Americans ~ said treatment of Native Americans ~ said could only convert people with love could only convert people with love and kindness and kindness