3. osh management

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH MANAGEMENT

• Concepts of Safety Management• Safety & Health Committee – Section 30• Roles of the Management• Safety Training

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S&H MANAGEMENT Management is the science of getting things done

through other people. S&H Professionals management is learning to use

and apply the technical skills to address safety & health issues in the workplace

PERSONNEL

DEPARTMENT

SA

FETY

O

RG

AN

IZA

TIO

NU

NIO

NS

SUPERVISORPRODUCTIO

N

COMPA

NY HEALT

H

CARE SERVIC

ES

WORKING ENVIRONME

NT

O S H M A N A G E M E N T

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INDUSTRY’S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

In industry, 3 common management systems are;1. General/Financial management2. Quality management3. Safety management

New system introduced / implemented environment

GENERALMANAGEMENT

QUALITYMANAGEMENT

(ISO 9001)

SAFETY MANAGEMENT

(ISO 18001)

ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT

(ISO 14000)

COMMON CONCERNS


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SUCCESSFUL S&H MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

MANAGEMENTREVIEW

CHECKING &

CORECTIVE ACTION

IMPLEMENTATION &

OPERATION

PLANNING

S&H POLICY CONTINUALIMPROVEME

NT

CONTINUALIMPROVEME

NT


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S -Management SystemsA -Proper AttitudeF -Understand FundamentalsE -ExperienceT -Time to do things safely Y -Your Participation

S –Serious about safetyA –Alert to all hazardsF –Focus on what you do !E –Educated choicesT –Team mindedY –You !


KEHENDAK PERUNDANGAN

Seksyen 30 OSHA 94 mengkehendaki majikan yang mempunyai 40 (atau lebih) orang pekerja , atau majikan yang diarahkan oleh Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan, untuk menubuhkan satu Jawatankuasa Keselamatan dan Kesihatan di tempat kerja yang berkenaan.

JAWATANKUASA KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN


Untuk meningkatkan kerjasama dan permesyuarahan di antara majikan dan pekerja didalam meningkatkan keselamatan dan kesihatan di tempat kerja

Untuk mengadakan saluran komunikasi dua-hala yang menyalurkan maklumat yang bersangkutan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan

Untuk meningkatkan minat dan motivasi semua kumpulan pengurusan dan pekerja didalam isu berkenaan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan


OBJEKTIF

BAGI SYARIKAT YANG MENGAMBIL100 ORANG PEKERJA ATAU KURANG: minima 2 wakil pekerja dan 2 wakil majikan

DAN

BAGI SYARIKAT YANG MEMPUNYAI LEBIH DARI 100 ORANG PEKERJA: minima 4 wakil pekerja dan 4 wakil majikan

SYARIKAT YANG MENGAMBIL 40 ORANG ATAU LEBIH PEKERJA ADALAH DIKEHENDAKI MEWUJUDKAN JAWATANKUASA KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN


SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE

Duty of employer to set up a safety committee if more than 40 workers are employed

Composition of the committeeCHAIRMAN

SECRETARY

WORKERS REPS

MANAGEMENT REPS

LESS THAN 100 EMPLOYEES : MINIMUM 2 REPS EACH

MORE THAB 100 EMPLOYEES : MINIMUM 4 REPS EACH

LET ALL SECTIONS BE REPRESENTED, INCLUDING WORKSHOP.


APPOINTMENT OF CHAIRMAN AND SECRETARY OF

COMMITTEECHAIRMAN – an employer or his

authorised manager

SECRETARY – safety and health officer or appointed by the chairman or appointed among the members


APPOINTMENT OF OTHER MEMBERS OF COMMITTEE

EMPLOYER REPRESENTATIVES – appointed by employer

EMPLOYEES REPRESENTATIVES – selected by workers or appointed by employer

Note: Employer shall not penalize a member of the committee in any manner for being absent from his normal duties at work while carrying out the functions of the committee


FUNCTIONS OF COMMITTEE (Reg.1996)

Assist in the development of rules and safe systems of work

Review the effectiveness of programsCarry out studies on the trends of

accident, near-miss accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning/disease and shall report to the employer of any unsafe or unhealthy condition/practices at the workplace together with recommendations for corrective actions



Review the S&H policies at the place of work and make recommendations to the employer for any revision of such policies

Inspect the workplace at least once in every 3 months and recommended preventive and corrective measures

Discuss reports and matters from safety officer, enforcement officers, etc

Practices and recommend corrective actions

Assist to organise promotional activities



Meetings of SHCEarly circulation of agenda and

discussion papersMinutes circulated soon, not later

than 2 weeks after meetingMinutes kept for 7 years for

purposes of inspection by an OSH officer


EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF OSH

Management commitmentPolicy, Plans & ProceduresConsultationHazard Identification, Risk

Assessment and ControlTraining


SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK

PTW (PERMIT TO WORK)

SOP (STANDARD OPERATION PROCEDURE)

Flow Chart / Check list

Audit / Workplace inspection


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Permit Untuk Bekerja sentiasa diperlukan untuk menjalankan kerja-kerja ditempat tertentu bagi mengelakkan kemalangan dari berlaku yang boleh mengganggu operasi loji.

Permit Utama (Panas/ sejuk) – Hot/ Cold Work - Sijil kelulusan kerja – diperlukan untuk sebarang kerja yang hendak

dilakukan di kawasan tersebut

Sijil Sokongan - Untuk kerja yang berbahaya – kerja yang memerlukan peraturan dan

pengawalan khas yang lebih ketat tidak cukup dengan hanya permit kelulusan kerja; ia perlu disokong oleh sijil tambahan yang diluluskan terlebih dahulu oleh pihak yang berkenaan selain dari penyelia tempat kerja tersebut.

- Misalnya permit untuk hazard/api (ruang terkurung, kerja panas), permit untuk mengorek, permit untuk kerja radiasi, permit untuk membaiki jalan, permit untuk kerja elektrik dll

PERMIT KERJA (PERMIT TO WORK)


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SOP adalah merupakan satu kaedah pentadbiran yang menyediakan panduan dan cara yang selamat untuk melakukan sesuatu kerja dan mencegah dari perlakuan yang tidak selamat.

SOP memberi panduan menyeluruh bagi setiap langkah, bagaimana hendak melaksanakan kerja / menggunakan alat tertentu dengan selamat.

PERATURAN KERJA SELAMAT (SOP)


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CONTOH SOP CARA MENGGUNAKAN PANCUTAN AIR TEKANAN TINGGI

1 Pastikan sambungan paip kuat dan tidak mudah tanggal. 2. Jangan tinggalkan mesin (pump) semasa ia masih berjalan/beroperasi. 3. Operator pump menghidupkan enjin hanya setelah diarah oleh operator pancutan. 4. Pastikan alat pancutan dalam keadaan baik dan tidak bengkok, sebelum digunakan. 5. Jangan pijak paip dan alat-alat lain. 6. Perhatikan hazad yang boleh menjatuhkan seperti sesuatu yang boleh tersepak atau tersangkut kaki, ditempat kerja tersebut. 7. Gunakan cara mengangkat yang betul untuk memindahkan peralatan. 8. Setelah digunakan, mesin hendaklah dicuci bersih. 9. Pastikan semua injap keselamatan (dead man shut-off valves) berfungsi dengan baik. 10. Elakkan mesin berat menghimpit paip pancutan. 11. Jangan arahkan paip pancutan ke arah tempat orang lain bekerja. 12. Pastikan rantai keselamatan di ikat pada tempatnya .


PENYIASATAN KEMALANGANOSHA MENGHENDAKI SEMUA KEMALANGAN INDUSTRI DI SIASAT:

TUJUAN PENYIASATAN:• Untuk mengetahui punca kemalangan• Untuk mengambil langkah pencegahan

supaya kemalangan yang serupa tidak berulang

Untuk merekodkan semua fakta berkenaan kemalangan tersebut untuk berbagai tujuan (tuntutan dll)

• Untuk menganalisa trend dan kos kemalangan bagi perancangan jangka panjang


PENYIASATAN KEMALANGAN

SIAPA PERLU MENYIASAT:• Penyelia, • Pegawai Keselamatan &

Kesihatan, Ahli Jawatankuasa

Keselamatan & Kesihatan, • Pasukan khas


PEMERIKSAAN DI TEMPAT KERJA

PERATURAN JAWATANKUASA KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN MENGHENDAKI PEMERIKSAAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN DI TEMPAT KERJA PERLU DILAKUKAN SETIAP TIGA BULAN SEKALI


PEMERIKSAAN DI TEMPAT KERJA SIAPA PERLU MELAKUKANNYA ?

Ahli Jawatankuasa Keselamatan, Pegawai Keselamatan, Pasukan Pemeriksa Khas

BAGAIMANA? : Gunakan senarai semak yang disediakan khas

untuk tujuan tersebut

KEKERAPAN?: Sekurang-kurang nya sekali setiap tiga bulan

LAPORAN?: Mesti disediakan dan diserahkan kepada

pengurusan


Penalty under Section 15 & 16 (Duties of Employers) : RM 50 K or 2 yrs, or both

Penalty under Section 24 (Duties of Employees) : RM 1 K or 3 mths, or both

Penalties under Section 28 (Medical Surveillance), Section 29 (Safety and Health Officer), and Section 30 (Safety and health Committee) : RM 5 K or 6 mths, or both


AN EFFECTIVE COMMITTEE Basic knowledge and interest of members On-going training and education of members Availability of relevant information to members Regularity and frequency of meetings Fast decision making and follow-up actions Wide publicity of committee activities Recognition of members Leaderships of chairman Stick to safety and health only


METRO, 21.05.2009

JOHOR BAHRU: Sebanyak 5,559 notis dikeluarkan kepada majikan sepanjang 2008 di seluruh negara kerana gagal mematuhi piawaian keselamatan mengikut Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994.

Daripada jumlah itu, 135 kes dibawa ke mahkamah dan 14 majikan dikenakan tindakan kompaun.

Timbalan Ketua Pengarah (Dasar) JKKP Malaysia, Zabidi Md Adib, berkata notis dikeluarkan itu membabitkan majikan di bawah semua 11 sektor yang termaktub dalam bidang kuasa jabatan berkenaan dikesan melalui audit dan pemeriksaan mengejut secara berterusan.

“Kebanyakan notis dikeluarkan dan tindakan mahkamah dikenakan ke atas pemilik syarikat kerana mereka masih gagal memenuhi dasar asas berhubung keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerja yang mana ia komitmen majikan terhadap pekerja,” katanya.


November 27, 2006

Experience of the 10 businesses selected to be Occupational Hazards' 2006 America's Safest Companies :

From their top executives all the way down to the factory floor, these companies understand the importance of Safety Committees, Training, Job-Hazard Analyses, Audits, Stop-work Authority and Management Visibility. They get the symbiotic relationship between safety and productivity, profits, morale and employee retention.

Comment by one of the managers :

"Amazingly, when we focused on safety, all the other measurements (aka productivity) improved. It's just good for business."


STRATEGIES1.SAFETY COMMITTEES, 2.TRAINING, 3.JOB-HAZARD ANALYSES, 4.AUDITS, 5.STOP-WORK AUTHORITY, AND 6.MANAGEMENT VISIBILITY.



SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE

Meetings at least once every 3 months, more often in the early stages or in dangerous occupations

Carryout Plant Inspection before meeting, and suggest improvements to the management

Review effectiveness of control measures

Review safety policy Minutes of meetings to be

distributed within 1 week


COMMITTEE MEETINGS

Items for discussion : Audits : unsafe acts, unsafe conditions Maintenance : plant, machinery OSH Programs : Induction Training, Safety

campaign Status of actions from previous meeting Safety concerns from the management

Section reports : Incidents : accident investigations Complaints by the workers


REASON FOR ACCIDENTS ...1. Have no procedures yet

2. Have procedures, but not adequate

3. Have adequate procedures, but no training

4. Have training, but did not understand

5. Have understood, but forgotten

6. Have remembered, but “lazy to follow”…

Management : to do “gap analysis” & follow up


JHA DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE

1. SELECT the job or task

2. CHOOSE the team members

3. DEVELOP new or modify existing JHA RECORD the steps IDENTIFY, ASSESS & CONTROL the hazards in

every step

4. JHA REVIEW by Supervisor

5. COMMUNICATE the JHA & JSP / JSI Training

6. FIELD VERIFICATION and Validation


3 THINGS TO AUDIT1. UNSAFE ACTS

2. UNSAFE CONDITIONS

3. UNSAFE PROCEDURES

HEINRICH : DOMINO THEORY UNSAFE CONDITION : HOUSEKEEPING / 5S

UNSAFE WORKER : Behaviour Based Safety; “You See, You Act” (UC/UA) PROGRAM; STOP, SAM…

SOCIAL UPBRINGING : OSH MS


OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

BS 8800OHSAS

18000:2007HSE MSILO OSH MSMS 1722:2005

POPEAAUDITS


A : UNSAFE CONDITIONS

Full scale audit of an organisation’s safety management system : compliance to requirements

Mini audit of a specific unit or work areaCheck on particular aspects of control

such as : Fire-fighting system and related equipment Evacuation system and emergency exits Emergency facilities (generator, lighting, exhaust system,

etc…. ) Warning notices ( adequacy / relevancy ) PPE program


B : UNSAFE PROCEDURES

IDENTIFY WHAT PROCEDURES EXIST ( OR SHOULD EXIST )

EVALUATE THOSE PROCEDURES :Are they in place ?Are people aware of them ?Are the Procedures being complied

with ?Are the Procedures adequate ?


C : UNSAFE ACTS An Unsafe Act is an intentional or an unintentional violation of

an established safe work practice, procedure, method or

system


THE RED FLAG THEORY :A PERSON CAN NORMALLY

HANDLE ONLY ONE RED FLAG AT A TIME

HELICOPTER ACCIDENTTHE SUPERMAN SYNDROME :CAR ACCIDENTSTHE MILITARY SYSTEMMINE IS NOT TO REASON WHY,

MINE IS JUST TO DO AND DIE ...


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STOP WORK POLICY

PROVISION OF BUDGET ...1. The people to do the job

2. The time to do the job

3. The resources required for the job

4. The training (skills and knowledge) required to do the job

5. Empowerment to do the job

6. Commitment, involvement, and visibility of top management in the execution of the job


PROGRAM FAILUREPROGRAM FAILURE

“THE MOST FREQUENT REASON FOR THE FAILURE OF QUALITY PROGRAMS IS THE FAILURE OF THE UPPER MANAGEMENT TO HAVE PERSONAL INVOLVEMENTS IN THE PROGRAMS”

DR JM JURAN

The same is true for safety and health programs


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3. osh management