Construction OSH Management Guidelines 6_Construction OSH Mgmt...Construction OSH Management Guidelines - Significance Across US, 42% of construction fatalities were related to design

Construction OSH Management

Guidelines

Amree Bin Ghazi

Construction Safety Division

Department of Occupational Safety and Health

Pilot Project On OSHCIM

2

What is the contributing factors to

accident/incident?

3

Slope Failure , Tanjung Bungah , 2017

• Failure to identify risk

• Failed to recognize the

significance of earlier

incident

4

Falsework failure, Penang, 2013

• Installation of falsework

component

• Falsework system

unstable(curved, skewed)

• Unclear method

statement

• Lack of information on

falsework design

• Failed to recognize

complexity of the work

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Falsework failure, JB, 2013

• Installation of falsework is

not according to design

• Lack of competence

people during installation,

inspection

• Insufficient SOP during

concreting – no person to

inspect while concreting,

inspection must be done

before concreting

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Roof structure collapse, Terengganu 2013

• Incomplete method

statement –

MS2318:2012

• Incompetent contractor

• Failure to identify risk due

to change of process

• Failure to recognize the

significance of previous

report

• Failure to recognize the

complexity of work

7

Viaduct toppled during installation, Selangor,

2014

• Lack of supervision

• Failure to identify risk due

to change of process

• Lack of inspection and

testing

• Effective communication

failure

• Lack of sub-contractor

management

• Unsafe SOP

8

Fatal accident cases from the

DOSH’s website (http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/fatal-accident-case)

If you analyse the cases, you will realise that:

Accidents are commonly repeating

Lower level of control measures are commonly cited

Ensuring safety needs common sense

http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/fatal-accident-case)

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HSE Research Report 2003

5 key elements to construction safety

Managing the risks by applying the risk management approach and the general principles of prevention;

Appointing the right people and organisations at the right time;

Making sure everyone has the information, instruction, training and supervision they need to carry out their jobs in a way that secures safety and health;

Duty holders cooperating and communicating with each other and coordinating their work; and

Consulting workers and engaging with them to promote and develop effective measures to secure safety, health and welfare

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Fundamental to future construction legislation

Catalyst for improving industry’s poor OSH performance

Signify policy shift – self-regulated, cooperation, performance-based approach, duty holders

Occupational Fatalities 1999-2017

146 15989 88 95 81 81 64 76

11347

88 109 73 84 89140 160

187

1004958

858 822 846

716 696754 730 746

689726 755

582 617 573

668 688 650

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Construction All Industries

Source: DOSH, SOCSO, DoL, CIDB

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Occupational Fatality Rate 2011-2017

9.62

6.276.75

7.26

10.94

12.78 12.9

6.17

4.64 4.624.21

4.84 4.84 4.49

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Construction All IndustriesSource: DOSH

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Characteristics of the industry

multifacettransient

work sites

fragmentedstage and process

dependent

work and people are constantly changing

movement of people and

plant

dynamiccomplex

multiple contractors/ employers

labour intensive

contractual arrangement

movement of people and

plant

foreign workers

complex product

varying working culture

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Biggest challenges to OSH in construction

Changing the working culture of stakeholders

Primary responsibility lies with business who creates risk

DOSH should influence & encourage - punitive actions only to deter

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Construction OSH Management Guidelines -

Significance

Managing OSH at planning and design stage is more effective

Provide practical guidance to the client, designer and contractor

OSH is shared responsibilities & team work to design hazards out

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Encourage all parties to take responsibility, by better planning, design & management

Those who can influence OSH during project lifecycle are made responsible

OSH should be treated as an essential, but normal part of the project

Ability to influence safety1

1 R. Szymberski, “Construction Project Safety Planning” TAPPI Journal, 1997.


Significance

Across US, 42% of construction fatalities were related to design issues between the years 1990 and 20031

A 1991 study done in Europe found that 60% of fatalities were the result of decisions made before the site work even began2

63% of all fatalities and injuries could be attributed to design decisions of lack of planning3

1 Behm, M., Linking construction fatalities to the design for construction concept (2005)2 European Foundation for the Imrpovement of Living and Working Conditions (1991)3 NSW WorkCover, CHAIR Safety in Design Tool, 2001

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Ability to influence safety1

Ability to Influence on safety

Costs

Resources Deployed

Conception Detailed Design Procurement Construction Start Up

Low

High

Project Schedule

Maximum

return on

efforts Maximum

resources

deployment

1 R. Szymberski, “Construction Project Safety Planning” TAPPI Journal, 1997.21


Overview

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Fundamental

the right information

at the right time

for the right people

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Individual competency1.• Those appointed must have the skills, knowledge, training and

experience to carry out the work they will be employed

Organisational capability2.• Appointed organisation must have the policies and systems in place to

set acceptable safety and health standards which comply with the law, & resources and people to ensure the standards are delivered

Right time3.• Appointing consultant or contractor at the right time, so that they have

enough time to plan and manage for safety and health

Appointing the right people and organisations at

the right time

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the right time

• In a proposed mix development, a client required five high-rise buildings to be designed and connected at the mid and top floors via curved sky bridges.

.

• The client initially appointed a building designer for the design, but subsequently realised that the building designer did not have the experience and knowledge to design the curved sky bridges.

.

• The client then appointed a bridge designer to design the curved sky bridges while the building designer designed the building.

.

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the right time

A client awarded a contract to a principal contractor for the demolition of an old shopping complex.

While it was unknown during the tender stage, it was later discovered that the building that was to be demolished had a pre-stressed floors.

With this new information, the principal contractor would need more time to engage and work with contractors who are pre-stressed specialists to help demolish this building.

Hence, the client should provide the principal contractor with additional time and resources to resolve this situation.

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the right time

All person should:

Ensure persons who are appointed are competent

Not accept in appointment unless they are competent

Not instruct a worker to carry out/ manage design/ work unless he is competent

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Managing the risk by applying the risk

management approach & general principles of

preventionAvoidance of risks

Eliminations of hazards or substitution for something

less hazardous

Reducing or limiting the duration of exposure to the

hazard

Isolation/ segregation

Engineering controls

Safe systems of work

Training and information

PPE

Welfare

Monitoring and supervision

Hazard

Prevention

through

Design

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management approach & general principles

of prevention

1. Avoid risks

2. Evaluate risks which cannot be avoided

3. Combat the risks at source

4. Adapt the work to the individual

5. Adapt to technical progress

6. Replace dangerous by non-dangerous or less

dangerous

7. Develop a coherent overall prevention policy

8. Give collective protective measures priority over

individual protective measures

9. Give appropriate instructions to employees

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management approach & general principles of

prevention

Avoid risk where possible;

evaluate those risks that cannot be avoided; and

put in place proportionate measures that control them at source.

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How designer can contribute to safety?

Parapet vs. roof anchor1

• The study compared the cost and risk of installing parapet system or roof anchor system to prevent falls from roof edge hazard.

• The parapet system was found to be an expensive, but safer alternative compared with the roof anchor system.

• The roof anchor system is the least expensive option, but the fall hazard is not eliminated when using a personal fall arrest system. A fall restraint system should be used to prevent the fall, but not feasible for all roofs.

• The roof anchor system creates more risk during installation of temporary guardrails, and reduces productivity by 15%

• Both the anchor and parapet options do not affect the quality of the product.

• Study allows owners and designers to make an informed decision while choosing design solutions

1 Rajendran & Gambatese (2013), Risk and financial impacts of prevention through designs solutions.31

Information

Information

Instruction

Instruction

Training

Training

Supervision

Supervision

Required level will depend on the risks involved in the

project, complexity and scale of the project and the

level of skills, knowledge, training and experience of

the workforce

Making sure everyone has the information,

instruction, training and supervision

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PRE-CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION

•Descr ipt ion of the project;

•Client ’s considerat ions and management requirements;

•Environmental restr ic t ions and exist ing on-site r isks;

•Signif icant design and construct ion hazards; and etc.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE PLAN

•Descr ipt ion of the project;

•Safety and health management of the work ;

• Ident i f icat ion of signif icant s i te r isks.

SAFETY AND HEALTH FILE

•A br ief descr ipt ion of the work carr ied out;

•Histor ic s i te data;

•Any hazards that have not been el im inated;

• Invest igat ion reports & records;

•Statement of design phi losophy, key structural pr inciples; and etc.

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Information

Information

Instruction

Instruction

Training

Training

Supervision

Supervision

Workers are provided with information and instruction that include:

a. suitable site induction;

b. emergency procedures; and

c. information on hazards, risks and control measures put in place.



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Information

Information

Instruction

Instruction

Training

Training

Supervision

Supervision

Establishing training needs to workers:

a. assess the existing safety and health skills, knowledge, training

and experience;

b. compare these attributes with the range of skills, knowledge,

training and experience they will need for the job; and

c. identify any shortfall between (a) and (b). The difference between

the two will be the ‘necessary training’.

As a general rule, if the person being assessed demonstrates the

required qualities, no further training should be needed.



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Information

Information

Instruction

Instruction

Training

Training

Supervision

Supervision

Appropriate supervision must be provided.

a. Closer supervision if they are inexperienced/ starting new work

b. Assess level of safety awareness, education, physical agility,

literacy and attitude

Let them know how to get supervisory help, even when supervisor is

not present.

BOWECS Reg. requires SSS and CSS, for several work activities

designated person must be appointed to provide supervision



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• to ensure safety and health

• to ensure everyone complies with the law

Cooperating

• to make sure everyone understands the risks and the measures to control those risk

• between main coontractors of different sites

Communicating

• among sub-contractors who start at different stages

• flow of information and instruction

Coordinating

Everyone cooperating and communicating with

each other and coordinating their work

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Revie

w m

eeting b

y c

lients with designers and contractors, who may affect design,

construction and maintenance at various key stages of the project

during which indentified foreseeable design risk, if not eliminated, is reduced, and residual risks are recorded and communicated

is typically conducted during pre-construction phase, but can be done during construction phase

looks at design risks which begins on the drawing board, and considers how a building or structure can be constructed, maintained, cleaned and demolished safely



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During the review, one of the items discussed was the installation of glossy ceramic floor tiles

which would get wet and slippery during washing or when water got spilled onto them, in the kitchen, cold rooms and toilet areas

Installation of the tiles in these areas would possibly lead to cleaners or kitchen staff slipping or falling

With this consideration, the team agreed that floor finishes at these areas should be of non-slip material to reduce the risk of slips and falls

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Co

nsu

lta

tio

n a

nd

e

ng

ag

em

en

tIt is required under the law!

Helping spot workplace risks and knowing what to do about them

Making sure safety and health controls are appropriate

Increasing level of commitment to working in a safe and healthy way

Consulting workers and engaging with them to

promote and develop effective measures

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MILESTONE FOR OSHCIM 2017 - 2020

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Launched by HR Minister

(28 Feb 2017)

Promotional works

(since Mar 2017)

Embedded into CITP

(Jun 2017)

Embedded into Construction OSH

Strategic Plan (Nov 2017)

Development of Training

Modules for Duty Holders (2018)

Implementation of Training Modules

(2019)

Enactment of OSHCIM

regulations and ICOP (2020)

Enforcement of OSHCIM and

ICOP (post 2020)

• Training modules for client, designer, contractors

• Case study

• Industry/professional involvement

• OSHCIM becomes mandatory

Good practices

Thank You

Q & A

Documents

Construction OSH Management Guidelines 6_Construction OSH Mgmt...Construction OSH Management Guidelines - Significance Across US, 42% of construction fatalities were related to design