3. Global Warming and Climate Change

8/8/2019 3. Global Warming and Climate Change

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CHAPTER 3

Global Warming and

Climate Change

8 : 07 07 08 09


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Contents

Residence TimeofAtmospheric Gases

Atmospheric WaterVapor

AtmosphericCarbon Dioxide

Atmospheric Methane

Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide

AtmosphericChlorofluorocarbons


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Contents

Radiative Forcing

Radiative ForcingCausedby Human Activity

Radiative ForcingCausedby Nature

EvidenceforGlobal Warming

EffectsofGlobal Warming

Slowing Global Warming


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Residence TimeofAtmospheric Gases

Residencetime

(C:

F: )


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Example 3.1

WhatistheresidencetimeofCH4 ifthecurrent atmosphericconcentrationis 1.7

ppmv andthetotalreleaseofmethane

from allsourcesis 550milliontonsper

year?


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Example 3.1

Step 1 : convert 550 milliontonsofmethane

releasedpertearto kilograms (F)

Step 2 : computethenumberofmolesofgasin

the atmosphere


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Example 3.1

Step 3 : Computethemassofmethaneinthe

atmosphere (C)

Step 4 : Plugintotheequation


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Approximately a 0.4% concentrationinEarths

atmosphere.

Twoimportantfeedback processes

Positivefeedback

Negativefeedback


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Negativefeedback

, .

H2O ,

anthropogenic .


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Atmosphericwindow

7.5~13

IR

.

IR

.


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CO2

.

CO2 ,

.


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CO2 sink

sink

CaCO3

, CaCO3 CO2

, .


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CO2

(solubilitypump)

(biologicalpump)

CO2


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CO2 + H2O H2CO3


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(solubility

pump)

CO2 , CO2 .

CaCO3 .

CO2

CO2

.


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(biological pump)


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,

CO2 CO2 C

CaCO3 .

CO2 1/3 .


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?

IronSulfate

,

.


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Fe

,

.

.


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CO2 sink ?

C

CO2 .

CO2 C

.


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CO2

C

30% , 30% .

CO2 >>>> CO2

CO2 .


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Figure 3.10 Infrared absorptionspectrumofmethane


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Figure 3.11 Sourcesofnetglobalemissionof

atmosphericmethane


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The most important sink for CH4 is its oxidation by

hydroxyl radicals in the troposphere.

CH4 + OH- CH3

- + H2O

Secondary sinks include soils that take up CH4 and

the transfer of CH4 from the troposphere to the

stratosphere.


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Figure 3.12 Infrared adsorptionspectrumofnitrousoxide

Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division, SadtlerSoftware &Databases, 1980-2008. Allrightsreserved.


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Figure 3.13 Infrared adsorptionspectrum

ofCFC-12 [cm-1 = 10,000/?(cm)]

Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division, SadtlerSoftware &Databases, 1980-2008. Allrightsreserved.


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To assess the effect each greenhouse gas exerts on the

atmosphere, the relative radiative forcing is a unit used to

compare the relative contribution to the infrared absorption per

molecule added to the atmosphere. Three factors determine

radiative forcing:

1.The concentration of the gas in the atmosphere today (and

its residence lifetime in the atmosphere).

1.The wavelengths at which the gas molecules absorb.

1.The intensity of the absorption per molecule.


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CO2

CFCs


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Table 3.1 PropertiesofAnthropologic Greenhouse

Gases


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Figure 3.14 Radiativeforcingoftheclimate


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EvidenceforGlobal Warming

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. 8. ()

9.

10.


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-


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, .


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-


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-


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22?


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CO2= (?)

1. : CO2= (?)

2. :

CO2 .

3. :

CO2 . 2H/1H .


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CO2= (?)

4.

LighterWater .

,

2H/1H

=

= = .


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CO2= (?)

5.

CO2

.

, Figure3.2 CO2

.


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There is a discernible human

influence on global climate

-In 2007, IPCC


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= (?)

1

= : > (>)

2= Warmer

But

CooL ~


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EffectofGlobal Warming

http://blog.naver.com/greenstartkr/90092349955


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CO 2004 (IEA )

(9)1.9%.

OECD

CO2 ,

BUT

.


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(UNFCCC)


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-

*r:

,

*: /q


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(ET : Emission Tading)

,


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-


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u

.

(2007 12 )


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-

CO2 9,

OECD CO2 1

1

.


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--


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-


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-

?

u


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3. Global Warming and Climate Change