2nd Lecture edu3101.docx

7/28/2019 2nd Lecture edu3101.docx

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EDU 3101 2nd Lecture by Abd Razak Kaprawi 2012

Current EducationBasic concepts of philosophy and Philosophy of education

1. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA: CURRENT EDUCATIONThe present education system in Malaysia has undergone several changes. To liberate us

from the effects of British colonialism as well as to fulfil the economic needs of our growingnation.

The Government reviewed the legislative provisions and education policies which came intoeffect after our country achieved Independence. This resulted in the Education Act 1996 and theNational Education Policy 1999 coming into force and they have since become the basis for our present education system.

The Ministry of Education has also come up with the Education Development Master Plan for the period of 2006-2010.

This Act also revolved around the main provision of the Razak Report which has remained thebasic national education policy ever since its announcement.

Education Act 1996 : AimsThe education Act 1996 has two main aims, that is:I. To further consolidate the national education system for the young generation in

accordance with the country’s aspirations of making Malaysia a center of excellence for education; and

II. To outline the legislation related to education.

Legislative provisionsThe National Philosophy of Education which was proclaimed in 1988 and forms the underlyingbasis;The consolidation of the national education system to include the following:

*all levels of schooling, from pre-school until tertiary education;*all categories of schools, for example, government schools, government-aided schools and

private schools;

The national language became the main medium of instruction under the national educationsystem, besides being a compulsory subject for all schools and educational institutions.The various legislative provisions gazette in the Act will be examined with reference to thedifferent levels of schooling as follows:

i. Pre-school;ii. Primary and secondary;iii. Technical and vocational;iv. Teacher training; andv. Tertiary education.

Comparison between the Education Act 1996 and the Education Act 1961National Education Policy

Based on the Education Act 1996, the ministry of education produced a document containingpolicy statements and implementation strategies to serve as a guideline for all parties involvedwith the education sector. This document is known as the National Education Policy.Mission of Ministry of Education (MOE)

1) To produce world class education and ensure the development of the individual’spotential; and

2) To fulfill the nation’s aspirations.



Goals of National Education1) To produce a united bangsa Malaysia; 2) To produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable, god-fearing, well-behaved,

competent and harmonious;3) To provide a competent work force to meet the needs of a growing nation; and4) To offer equal educational opportunities for all Malaysian citizens.

Policy and Implementation StrategiesThe focus will be on policies and strategies at all the five levels of schooling, that is pre-school,primary, secondary, technical and vocational, and tertiary education. In addition, those for special education and polytechnics will also be briefly discussed.

Clearly, the I level implementation strategies at each level of schooling (that is, from pre-school until tertiary education) are aligned with the respective education policies.

In view of the fact that education is dynamic and evolves according to time, therefore, it isimperative for a review to be undertaken from time to time.

Teaching of Mathematics and Science in English (EteMS)In the year 2002, the government announced that beginning from 2003, Mathematics andScience would be taught in English, whilst the other subjects would still be taught in the Malaylanguage. The aim of this educational policy, known as EteMS was to ensure that our countrywould not be left out in the globalization era.

Compulsory EducationIt is compulsory for all parent who are Malaysian to register their children who have reached theage of 6 years for schooling. The duration for compulsory primary education is six years for schooling. Failure on the part of any parent to do so was violation of the law, and if found guilty,they could be slapped with a fine of not more than RM 5000, or a prison sentence of not morethan six month, or both.

Status of Chinese and Tamil languageIn April 2005, both Chinese and Tamil language was made an elective subject in in all

national schools. The rationale for this policy is because of:I. An inadequate number of pupils in government schools; andII. An increase in the number of non-Chinese pupils in Chinese vernacular schools.

For one, there has to be an increase in the number of trained teachers whose option is either the Chinese or Tamil language. This to ensure that there are enough of such option teachers toteach these two subjects in the respective schools.

Smart SchoolIn line with our country’s to achieve Vision 2020, the Malaysian Ministry of Education is

striving to transform the education system, seemingly, the catalyst for this transformation will beestablishment of Smart Schools which is a technology-supported initiative.

Concept the Smart School initiative upholds the concept of a change in the learning culture based onmemory and examination-orientation to that of creative thinking and problem-solving.

Goals The Smart Schools initiative aims to produce a knowledge-based work force who will navigateour country towards information-based economy.



Implementation The smart schools initiative has outlined the following goals in its implementation to meet theneeds of the individual, society and stakeholders:Production of a computer-savvy workforce equipped with thinking skills;

Democratization of education;Increment of stakeholder’s involvement; Holistic development with due consideration to individual capability;Emphasis on physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual domains.The following strategies have been identified:

• A multi-perspective curriculum which encompasses elective subjects;• Vertical, horizontal multi-disciplinary integration;• Reasoning, values, creativity and language across the curriculum;• Use of technology in teaching;• Care and concern for diversity in learning;• Care and concern for diversity in learning abilities and styles.

Levels of technology The smart schools initiative involves involves 90 schools categorized into three levels.Level A, Level B+ and Level B

Vision SchoolVision School was approved by the cabinet in 1997 as a result of our leaders’ awareness

about the importance of fostering racial unity early in an individual’s lif e.

Concept Consist of three schools clustered in one common area , that is National Primary School,

Chinese National-type Primary School and Tamil National-type Primary School. These schoolsare connected to one another by a link way.

Rationale.

through vision schools, pupils from diversified races interact with one another from an earlyage thus ensuring that our country is moving towards national unity.Issues. academic and non-academic staff of all races to enhance social interaction with the

pupils; Fostering of positive ethnic indentify awareness and the absence of a superiority or

inferiority complex founded on ethnicity; Open communication across ethnics groups through interaction during recess and co-

curricular activities.

Basic Reading and Writing Classroom Intervention Program (KIA2M)Background.

At a meeting held on 22 November 2005 the problem pupils’ failure to master basic readingand writing skills was brought up and the matter given serious attention. Ministry of Educationwas given mandate of implementing the KIA2M program. The special program was conductedby the malay language teacher for a duration of three or six months.Goals. To enable 100% year 1 to master 2R, that is basic reading and writing skills.



Target Group Year 1 pupils who need remediation fall into three main groups:i. Those who need remediation in class;ii. Those who need to be sent to a special remedial class;iii. The slow learner who have yet to master the basic reading and writing skills.

Manpower. 1) Year 1 Malay language teachers;2) Special remedial teachers (as assistants); and3) Teachers who teach Physical and Health Education, Music Education and Visual Arts

Education.Teaching and Learning Strategies.

a) Nomination;b) Screening test;c) Planning;d) Teaching;e) Evaluation; andf) Follow-up.

Planning. Teacher who have been identified to conduct this program are required to plan their teaching

by using the teaching using the teaching module provided as a guide and reference. Somesuggest strategies include the following: Teacher-centered. Pupil-centered. Resource-centered.

Teachers conducting the KIA2M class also have a choice to approaches to use, such as: Individual approach. Group approach. Class approach.

Teaching.

Amongst the techniques suggested are:i. Story-telling;ii. Drills;iii. Demonstrations;iv. Question-and-answer;v. Role play;vi. Songsvii. Plays; and quizzes.

Evaluation and Follow-up. KIA2M pupils are allowed to go back to the mainstream if they pass two tests, namely (1) ujianpelepasan 1 and (2) ujian pelepasan 2.

Observation and monitoring are carried out by various parties including the following:i. School Inspectorate;ii. State Education Department;iii. District Education Offices;iv. School heads.



Education Development Master Plan (EDMP) 2006-2010EDMP was the brainchild of the Ministry of Education to consolidate the education sector in our country;It was to become guidelines for the holistic development of our education system for a 5-year period, that is from 2006 until 2010 as contained in the 9th Malaysia Plan;Development planning covers three main aspects, that is infrastructure, input and manpower.

Goals. To produce quality education for all through the following two main approaches.

First approach.-Ensure equity and equality in education.

Second approach.-Fully develop the potential of all schools so as to fall within the excellence cluster and thus

achieve such measurable success as to chart our country and the education system on theworld map.

Basic concepts of philosophy and Philosophy of education• Philosophy from 2 Greek words

– Philo meaning “love” – Sophos meaning “wisdom”

The philosophy of education is:• ….the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. This can be within

the context of education as a societal institution or more broadly as the process of human existential growth, i.e. how our understanding of the world is continuallytransformed via:1.Physical, 2. Emotional , 3. Cognitive and 4. Transcendental experiences.

It can naturally be considered a branch of both philosophy and education.

There are three elements that I believe are conducive to establishing such an environment:

(1) the teacher acting as a guide(2) allowing the child's natural curiosity to direct his/her learning, and(3) promoting respect for all things and all people.

• When the teacher's role is to guide, providing access to information rather than acting asthe primary source of information, the students' search for knowledge is met as theylearn to find answers to their questions.

• For students to construct knowledge, they need the opportunity to discover for themselves and practice skills in authentic situations.

• Providing students access to hands-on activities and allowing adequate time and space

to use materials that reinforce the lesson being studied creates an opportunity for individual discovery and construction of knowledge to occur.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy










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2nd Lecture edu3101.docx