• 2/19 Focus: 2/19 Focus: – During the Tang and Song Dynasties, During the Tang and Song Dynasties,

China was unified, government was China was unified, government was efficient, and society was stableefficient, and society was stable

• Do Now: Do Now: – What did the Mandate of Heaven What did the Mandate of Heaven

explain?explain?

Chinese EmpiresChinese Empires

The Tang and Song The Tang and Song DynastiesDynasties

The Han DynastyThe Han Dynasty

• Had ruled China from 206 BC-220 AD

• Dynasty collapsed and military leaders divided China into rival kingdoms

The Period of DisunionThe Period of Disunion

• Disorder and warfare in China • Nomads invade Northern China and

form their own kingdoms– Some adopted parts of Chinese culture

• Many Chinese in North fled to the South– Culture of North and South blended– Flowering in the arts and philosophy

occurs

The Sui DynastyThe Sui Dynasty

• Northern ruler Wendi unites China in 589 – Ended period of disunion – Worked to centralize government – Restored legal codes

The Sui DynastyThe Sui Dynasty• Built the Grand Canal – Connected northern

and southern China• Increased trade• Allowed food from

farms in the south to be sent to cities in the north

– Forced millions of peasants to work on canal• Many workers died• Forced labor on public

works projects angered peasants

•

The Sui DynastyThe Sui Dynasty• Discontent with Sui

rulers led to the decline of the dynasty in 618– Wendi’s son

Emperor Yang Di is assassinated

The Tang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty

• Tang ruled China from 618-907 AD– Started by Tang Taizong in 618

• Extended the empire into Tibet, Manchuria, Korea, and Vietnam– Tributary states• Were independent but had to send tribute to

China

The Tang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty

• Expansion and contact with Japan led to increased foreign trade and economic prosperity

Tang GovernmentTang Government • Established a strong

central government – Government workers

were required to pass civil service exams

– Schools were built to prepare civil service workers

– Established a flexible legal code

– Ideals of Confucianism reflected in government

The Age of BuddhismThe Age of Buddhism • Buddhism had grown

during the period of disunion

• Early Tang rulers supported Buddhism in China – Constructed Buddhist

temples– Buddhist missionaries

spread Buddhism across Asia

•

The Age of BuddhismThe Age of Buddhism

• Later Tang rulers saw Buddhism as a threat and began to attack it– Burned Buddhist texts and destroyed

temples

• Weakened Buddhism in China but it would survive– Blended with Taoism and Confucianism

ClosureClosure

• What was the impact of the construction of the Grand Canal on China?

• How did the Tang create an efficient government?

• 2/20 Focus:–During the Tang and Song Dynasties,

farming and trade flourished– China made great advances in art,

literature, architecture, and technology under the rule of the Tang and Song

• Do Now:–What Chinese philosophy was

reflected in the Tang government?

Tang Land ReformsTang Land Reforms

• Land was taken from large landowners and redistributed to the peasants – Landowners had less power– increased revenues to the government

from taxes on peasants

Decline of Tang DynastyDecline of Tang Dynasty

• Reasons for decline in the late 750’s–Military defeats in central Asia– Tax revolts by peasants – Nomadic invasions

The Song DynastyThe Song Dynasty

• China entered into a period of disorder after the collapse of the Tang– Lasted for 53 years – “The Period of the Five Dynasties and

Ten Kingdoms”

• The Song Dynasty reunited China in 960 AD. – Ruled for 3OO years

Tang and Song Social Tang and Song Social OrderOrder

• Established a strict social order – Gentry • Wealthy

landowners• Some become

civil servants

– Peasants • farmers

–Merchants

•

•

Status of Women Under Status of Women Under the Tang and Songthe Tang and Song

• Women were considered inferior to men

• Foot binding – Goal was to create

small feet (“lotus”) by restricting the growth of the foot• 3-4 inches long• Done between ages 3 -

11

• •

•

Tang and Song Tang and Song AchievementsAchievements

• Expanded Trade – Traded with India,

Persia, and the Middle East along the silk road

– Became expert shipbuilders and became a naval power• The Chinese Junk

Tang and Song Achievements

• Made improvements in farming which increased food productive

• Fast ripening rice could be harvested 2-3 times a year• New methods of

farming

– Lead to population increases and increased trade

•

Tang and Song Golden Tang and Song Golden AgeAge

• China entered a golden age during both the Tang and Song dynasties

• Architecture – Pagodas

Tang and Song Golden Age

• Art – Landscape

painting– use of

calligraphy• Artistic

handwriting

Tang and Song Golden Tang and Song Golden AgeAge

Tang and SongSong Golden Age

• Technological Innovations –Moveable type

and block printing

– Paper Money– Porcelain – Gunpowder –Magnetic

Compass

•

ClosureClosure

• What was the impact of improved farming techniques on China?

• Identify two advances that were made during the Tang and Song golden age