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The Cell Theory

• All known living things are made up of cells.

• The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things.

• All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.

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Levels of OrganizationAtom

Molecule

Organelle

Cell

Tissue

Organ

Organ System

Organism

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CELL MEMBRANE

holds the cell together

keeps all of the pieces (like the organelles and the cytoplasm) inside the cell

controls what goes in and out of the cellExample: like a big plastic bag with tiny holes

in it

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CYTOPLASM

Cytoplasm - gel-like substance inside the cell that all of the organelles float around in.

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NucleusThe “brain” of the cell

Controls all of the cellular activities

DNA is inside the nucleus

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Mitochondria

Mito = Mighty / Power

The Power-House of the cell

They break down food molecules so the cell has the energy to live

If a cell needs a lot of energy…it will have more mitochondria

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Endoplasmic Reticulum also known as the

“ER”

a maze of membranes that transports materials inside of the cell

There are two different Smooth ERRough ER

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GOLGI APPARATUS• Also called the Golgi Complex or Golgi body

• Combines simple molecules into larger molecules

• Packages molecules for transport in the cytoplasm

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• they are the site of protein synthesis in cells

• they are made in the nucleus of the cell

• A ribosome can make the average protein in about one minute

• There are two types – 1) attached to ER and 2) free floating

Ribosomes

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LYSOSOMES

• They digest food taken in by the cell

• They break down damaged or worn-out organelles

• Destroy the cell if it accidentally breaks open – “suicide sacs”

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Cell Wall

• Layer around the outside of the cell membrane of plant cells that provides the cell with extra support and protection.

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VACUOLE• Storage of water, waste or food….like a

backpack

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- the site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells

- where sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy

CHLOROPLAST

PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELL

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