CellsCells

What are cells?What are cells?

Cells are the basic Cells are the basic structure of all structure of all living things.living things.

Cells are made of molecules like Cells are made of molecules like everything else in the world; everything else in the world; however, an object can have however, an object can have molecules but no cells. The molecules but no cells. The

combination of specific molecules combination of specific molecules makes cells. Therefore, cells are makes cells. Therefore, cells are the basic unit in all living things.the basic unit in all living things.

The organization of the bodyThe organization of the bodyCellsCells

▼▼TissueTissue

▼▼OrgansOrgans

▼▼ Organ SystemsOrgan Systems

▼▼OrganismOrganism

The facts about cells…The facts about cells… Cells are microscopicCells are microscopic Cells were discovered by Robert Cells were discovered by Robert

Hooke while looking at cork under Hooke while looking at cork under the microscopethe microscope

Organisms can have one cell Organisms can have one cell (unicellular) or more than one cell (unicellular) or more than one cell (multi-cellular)(multi-cellular)

The facts about cells…The facts about cells… The cell theory-cells are the The cell theory-cells are the

basic unit of structure in all basic unit of structure in all living things; all living things are living things; all living things are made of one or more cells; cells made of one or more cells; cells come from other living cellscome from other living cells

Organelles are parts of a cellOrganelles are parts of a cell

The facts about cells…The facts about cells… All cells have the same basic All cells have the same basic

structure, with some structure, with some exceptions, but multi-cellular exceptions, but multi-cellular organisms can perform more organisms can perform more functions because their cells functions because their cells are specialized (brain cells, are specialized (brain cells, heart cells, stomach cells, etc.)heart cells, stomach cells, etc.)

The facts about cells…The facts about cells… Cells maintain stable internal Cells maintain stable internal

conditions while living in a conditions while living in a constantly changing external constantly changing external environment (homeostasis)environment (homeostasis)

Cells must maintain this stable Cells must maintain this stable environment to carry out environment to carry out important functionsimportant functions

Two types of cellsTwo types of cellsCells with a nucleus-plant Cells with a nucleus-plant

and animal cellsand animal cellsCells without a nucleus-Cells without a nucleus-

bacteriabacteria

Cell OrganellesCell Organelles CytoplasmCytoplasm NucleusNucleus ChromosomesChromosomes ChloroplastChloroplast VacuoleVacuole MitochondrionMitochondrion Cell WallCell Wall Cell MembraneCell Membrane

LysosomeLysosome NucleolusNucleolus Nuclear membraneNuclear membrane Endoplasmic Endoplasmic

reticulum reticulum (rough/smooth)(rough/smooth)

RibosomesRibosomes Golgi complexGolgi complex

The following slides give The following slides give the function of each cell the function of each cell

organelleorganelle

CytoplasmCytoplasm

Fluid that Fluid that surrounds the surrounds the

cell’s organellescell’s organelles

NucleusNucleus

The control The control center of the cellcenter of the cell

ChromosomesChromosomesStructures inside the Structures inside the nucleus that contain nucleus that contain DNA that controls DNA that controls the cell’s activitiesthe cell’s activities

ChloroplastChloroplastMakes food for Makes food for plant cells using plant cells using

energy from energy from sunlightsunlight

VacuoleVacuole

Stores water and Stores water and other materialsother materials

MitochondrionMitochondrion

Breaks down food Breaks down food molecules to molecules to make energy make energy

(ATP)(ATP)

Cell WallCell Wall

Provides strength Provides strength and support to the and support to the cell membrane in cell membrane in

plant cellsplant cells

Cell MembraneCell MembraneProvides a barrier Provides a barrier

and allows materials and allows materials in and out of the cell in and out of the cell

(semi-permeable)(semi-permeable)

LysosomeLysosomeDigest food Digest food

particles, wastes, particles, wastes, cell parts, and cell parts, and

foreign invadersforeign invaders

NucleolusNucleolusStores the Stores the

materials that will materials that will be used later to be used later to make ribosomesmake ribosomes

Nuclear Nuclear MembraneMembrane

Allows materials in Allows materials in and out of the and out of the

nucleusnucleus

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

(Rough/Smooth)(Rough/Smooth)

Packages and Packages and transports proteins transports proteins throughout the cellthroughout the cell

RibosomesRibosomes

Make proteinsMake proteins

Golgi ComplexGolgi Complex

Processes and Processes and transports materials transports materials

out of the cellout of the cell