Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic

cells

Cells of all living things are incredibly

diverse.

Currently, the cells of all living things can be divided into two

major categoriesProkaryotes Eukaryotes

Prokaryotic cells include all types of bacteria. Eukaryotic cells make up all

other organisms like protists, fungi, plants and animals..

Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic Cells

What are the differences?

What are the similarities between

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (all cells, really) have

several structures in common:

DNA

Ribosomes

PlasmaMembrane

Cytoplasm

All cells have several structures in common:

1. DNA: nucleic acid, genetic material, instructions for making proteins.

2. Ribosomes: tiny structures that make proteins

3. Plasma membrane (aka cell membrane)

o Cell boundary, regulates what enters and leaves the cell

4. Cytoplasm: All contents inside cell except DNA/nucleus

However, they have many differences:

SizeComplexity

NucleusReproduction

The Theory of Endosymbiosis

Symbiosis is the close relationship between two

different species.

MutualismCommensalismParasitism

Before complex life existed, the bigger cells ate the smaller cells.

Instead of becoming food, the Theory of Endosymbiosis

explains that the smaller cells stayed inside and helped the

larger cells survive.

There are many factors that help to support this theory: Both

plasts have their own DNA and ribosomes

Both reproduce through binary fission (a type of prokaryotic

reproduction)

Both have double membranes; the inner membrane from the original

prokaryote, and the outer membrane from the ancient host cell.