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Hammamet Case Study Progress

Environmental Analysis

Environmental data inventory of the Hammamet region and their integration in WATERWARE.

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Summary

New strategy for sustainable water management in Tunisia.

Presentation of pressure allocated for water resources.

Management strategy of waste water in Tunisia.

Cases of Tunisia.

Cases of Hammamet region .

Management strategy of hazardous substances

Cases of Tunisia.

Cases of Hammamet region.

Industrial contribution to pollution in the study zone

Conclusion

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The integrated management and preservation of waters resources;

Economical efficiency in the use of the water for the irrigation;

The institutional reorganization and the reinforcement of capacities.

New strategy for sustainable water management in Tunisia.

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In regards to the integrated management and the preservation of the waters resources, the government set up the following aims :

a higher use of treated water (more 50%);

evaluation of the potential of groundwater recharge;

promotion of the utilisation of treated waters in the industrial sector;

promotion of the brackish waters desalination;

promotion of agriculture species having a high salt tolerance;

elaboration of water quality monotoring systems;

improve plans for collective treatment systems in the rural zones;

protection against pollution of water resources.

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Protection of fresh waters resources and their

quality

Pollution des eaux de surface et eaux souterraines

Traitement fiable des eaux usées et des boues générées,

éviter les rejets dans les milieux naturels.

Renforcer l'équipement en unités de Prétraitement/

Traitement et le suivie/contrôle des industries polluantes.

Décharges contrôlées, traitement des lixiviats, lutte

contre la pollution atmosphérique

Densification des réseaux de mesures hydrogéologiques (suivi

de : IS, IDC, IDB)

Réponses

Municipal waste waters

Industrial effluents

Agricultural activities

Hazardous substances

-Low rate of connection in the

rural area -Throwing in the

natural environment (septic pits,

abandoned wells and rivers)

-The problem of overloads in the

treatment stations (unconformity of treated waters to Tunisian norms)

-Sludge generated by STEP

-High pollutant charge

-Lack of units Pre-

treatment/treatment for effluents.

.-Rumping untreated

affluents in the nature .

-Runoff from agricultural land

-Over exploitation of underground water (marine

intrusion).

-Generating lixivia concentrated in various polluting

elements .

Pollution of surface and underground water

Reliable treatment plants of waste

water and generated sludge

Reinforcement equipments in pre-

treatment/treatment’s units and enhance control of polluting

industries.

Controlled dump, treatment of lixivia, protection against

atmospheric emissions.

Enhancement of Hydro

geological network

Response

Presentation of pressure allocated for water resources.

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Distribution/ReusedMdAERH

Operation management

Management of water quality

Planning/development of

the policies

Legal

aspectsControl

Freh water

ANPE, MdAERH

EffluentsConformity

ANPEONAS

AdductionMdAERH

Agro-chemical prevention MdAERH Licence

obtainingONAS Public

Sensibilisation ANPE

Treatment

Urban, rural, industrial

ONAS

Laws MdInt, MdI, MdAERH Loi75, 1975

relating to the code of water-MEAT (law EIA;

1991)

Standards Water of

interior MdI Drinking

water and irrigation MdAERH Effluents

ONASApplicationANPE, ONAS

Integrated plan of the

water resources

MdAERH (ex-MEAT)

Action plan for environment protection

MdAERH/MdI

Policy relating to the

management of waste

Institutional framework for management of water quality in Tunisia

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Principal indicators for ONAS (2000)

Evolution O.N.A.S infrastructure in Tunisia

Communes dealt with 142 (from total ot 258 communes)

Communal population 6,07 millions d'habitants

Communal population dealt with 5,24 millions habitants (86% of

urban population)

Population connected 4,2 millions habitants

Numbers subscribed 925 000

Rate of connection in the zones dealt with 81%

Volume of collected water 178 MCM

Volume of treated water 148 MCM

Volume of water re-used in the irrigation 38 MCM (30%)

Source : Annual report of the National office of the Cleansing (ONAS) 2000

YEARLength of the network in

km Pumping Stations

Treatment plants

stations

1997 7 700 340 52

1998 8 200 355 55

1999 9 000 385 60

2000 9 650 417 61

2001 10 500 430 70

Source : Annual report of the National office of the Cleansing (ONAS) 2000

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Treatment plant stations

STEP Name Localization Origin Waste Water Re-used Water Destination

STEP 1Hammamet

South South Hammamet

Touristic zone Gulf (Yassemine et

Strauss), Moussa River

STEP 3 Mrazgua Mrazgua, university

complex, HospitalMarin emissary (1600 m

lenght), 23 m depth

South Hammamet

Yassemine Hammamet

NorthTourstic Zone, Hammamet

Chracher River, marine

Step NameOrigin of Waste Water

% Urban % Touristic % Industrial

STEP 1 0 100 0

STEP 3 7 38 55

South Hammamet

60 22 18

Treatment plant station presentation

STEP efficiency

STEP NameExploitation beginning

Effluent average CM/day

Annual Volume Generated CM/year

STEP 1 1979 4208 1535920

STEP 3 1979 3500 1277500

South Hammamet

1996 11386 4155890

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Characteristic of treatment plants station in the case study

Caractheristics Hammmamet_Sud SE1 SE3

Exploitation begining 1996 1979 1979

Numbers of equivalent habitant 76000 43760 23243

Total Charge (Kg DBO5/Kg MES) 0,2 0,4 0,1

Hydraulic Charge (m3/j) 11386 4208 3500

Biologiqcal Charge (Kg DBO5/j) 2722 1321 720

Average of Hydraulic Charge treated (m3/j) 9830 3186 2203

Average of biological charge in entrance (Kg DBO5/j)

2644 578 478

Energetic efficiency (KW/Kg DBO5) 1,53 1,56 1,99

Purification efficiency (%) 93 94 91

Average of BOD at the exit (mg/l) 18 11 19

Average COD at the exit (mg/l) 87 67 92

Average of suspended matter (mg/l) 18 12,5 19

Percentage of water treatment reutilisation

89

Treatment type (secondary) Activated sludge in continuous ventilation

Activated sludge average charge

Activated sludge low

charge

Emissary Oued Chercher STEP Ham_SudMarine (1,6km)

Sampling in entrance Manuel Manual Manual

Exit sampling Automatic Manual Manual

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18 18

87

93

12,511

67

94

19 19

92 91

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Hammamet Sud SE1 SE3

Histogrammes montrant le rendement des S.T.E.P

M.E.S (mg/ l)

DBO à la sortie (mg/ l)

DCO à la sortie (mg/ l)

Rendement épuratoire (%)

11386

2722

9830

2644

4208

1321

3186

578

3500

720

2203

478

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Hammamet Sud SE1 SE3

Dimensionnement des stations d'épuration de Hammamet_Sud

Charge hydraulique (m3/ j)

Charge biologique (Kg DBO5/ j)

Moyenne de la charge hydraulique

(m3/ j)

Moyenne de la charge biologique

à l'entrée (Kg DBO5/ j)

Dimensioning of treatment plants stations in the case study

Histogram showing efficiency of Hammamet S.T.E.P

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Conclusion

Physico-chemical characteristics of treated waste water are in conformity with the Tunisian standards imposed except for phosphorus elements;

High Phosphorus concentration and their various forms is is responsible for the proliferation of the algae and can lead to eutrophication;

The unconformity content of phosphorus is tributary with the type of treatment adopted in the three S.T.E.P, moreover the standards adopted in the marine public domain are rather low;

The reuse of treated waste water is reaches 6600 CM/day for irrigated perimeters (140 Ha: golf course).

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Management of hazardous substances in Tunisia

Domestic waste 1.700.000 t/ year

Dangerous waste 320.000 t/ year

Hospital and sanitary

waste15.000 t/ year

Wrapping up waste 55.000 t/ year

Production of hazardous substances in Tunisia (2001)

Répartition de la production des déchets solides

par secteur d'industrie

16%

13%

9%40%

16%

I ndustries agro- alimentaires

I ndustries des matériaux de construction, de la céramique et du verre

I ndustries Chimiques

I ndustries Mécaniques, Métalliques, Métalurgiques et Electriques

I ndustries Textiles, d'Habillememnt et du cuir

Composition des déchets solides

68%7%

4%5%

11%3% 2%

Ordures végétales Plastique, cuir et caoutchouc Métaux

Substances diverses Papiers et catrons Textiles

Verre et céramique

Distribution of the production of solid waste per industrial

sector

Composition of solid waste

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Institutional framework

Ministry of Agriculture Environment and Hydraulic resources,

Law tallies 96-41 of June 10, 1996, relating to solid waste and the control of their management and their

elimination.

A.N.P.E

Department solid waste

PRO.NA.G.DE.S: A National Program for Solid Waste

Management

Projects of embellishment, collection, sorting and solid

waste disposal.

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Prevention and reduction of the production of waste and their harmfulness;

Valorization of waste solids by the reuse, recycling and any action aiming at the recuperation of reusable materials;

Waste solids storage and processing in suitable installations.

Implementation of the suitable plans of management for each type of waste solids .

Objectives of the PRO.NA.G.DE.S

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Principal components of the PRO.NA.G.DE.S

Household refuse and comparable

Industrial and

dangerous waste

Particular waste (hospital, sludge)

Resumption and

valorization of packing

(ECO~Lef)

Collect

Transfert

Sorting

Composting

Recycling

Collect

Transfert

Treatment

Recycling

Valorization

Collect

Treatment

Recycling

Valorization

Collect

Recycling

Valorization

Principal components of the PRO.NA.G.DE.S

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The pollution of the water resources by lixivia;

The disturbance of the ecosystems and the landscapes due to deforestations and the the plants mortality generated by flows of lixivia and the biogas emanations;

Bad smells due to the decomposition of waste;

Wind disperse waste;

Fire and explosions risks (presence of gas);

Sanitary risks due to the presence of pathogen bacteria and waste toxicity.

Impact of the discharges

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Data of the Hammamet region

Numbers of households 9090

Number of residences 1236

Surface of the commune 3700

Existing industries types Tourism, confection, edible oils

Agricultural activities Fruit-bearing arboriculture (citrus fruits),

olives

Budget of the commune (collection, transport and waste disposal)

877000 D

Collect organization Carry to door and containers

Quantity of waste solids

According to the commune 41975t/year

From specific consumption 6592t/year

Source: Inventory of the wild dumps and the discharges in common the places heads, Scet-meat, 05/1995.

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Discharge name Beni Wael

Coordinates (UTM)X 647 081.56

Y 4031 077.60

Geographical situation

Localization compared to the industrial parks A 1000 m brickyard

Localization compared to the residential zones A 2.6 km at NW from Bir-Bouregba

Surrondings Surrounded by isolated habitation

Others Proximity from school (150 m)

Visibility Clear on three sides only from the Western side

Characteristics of discharges

Area (ha) 13 Volume of waste (m3)

Height of waste (m) Entrance (t/an)

Morphology Hill affected by the taking away of the careers (abandoned career)

TypeControled

Savage or anarchistic x

beginning date of Exploitation 1991

Exploitation date completion

Characteristics of the regional discharges

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Impact on environment

Impact on the natural resources Risk contamination of water surface and underground and fires risks

Impact on the landscape Visual pollution

Impact on the human environment Proximity from a primary school

Impact on hygiene and of public health Domestic animals presence and Marshy surroundings, unpleasant odour

Exploitation mode: (discharge serves the communes of Hammamet, Barraket the Sahel and Bir Bouregba)

Bottom treatment

Surface treatment Covering by ground or waste of construction

Lixivia emission Biogases emission

Adjustment of the discharge

Final covering: roadbase of 15 cm thickness of ground (12 000 m3), lower layer by 60 cm thickness containing a clay soil (48 000 m3)

Managements of the lixivia: naturally

Management of biogases: passive system made up of 11 wells (diameter influences approximately 60 m) for spontaneous evacuation of gases during the waste fermentation.

Management of surface water: system of drains out of V preventing flow and infiltration of surface water in the usable airfield.

Enclose, gate and track: enclose out of bars metal and barbed wire + gate + track of 3 m width and 200m length within the discharge + signals "defence to throw refuse"

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Distribution of polluting industries per activities sector (contribution to the pollution of air and

water)

Industrial sector

Numbers polluting companies

Contribution to the water pollution

Contribution to the air pollution

Emission of toxic organic substances

Emission of toxic metallic substances

Agroalimentary 7

24% 5% 3% 0,50%

Mechanics, electric and metallurgical 4

27% 4% 5% 40%

Chemical 1 13% 8% 47% 27%

Textiles and clothing 9

0,90% 2,20% 11% 4%

Glassmaking, building materials, wood, cork and furnishing

6 31% 9% 3% 8%

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Determination and establishment an inventory of environmental data requirements for the study area;

Data-collect at the concerned establishments;

Synthetic report related to the national strategy for the management of the waste water and hazardous substances : case of the study area;

Report about WaterWare input;

Access data base in order to manage data of treatment stations plants;

Digitalisation entities concerning the environmental analysis in our study zone.

Synthesis

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Objectives to be developed :

Setting-up an environmental data base in order to followof the various sources of pressures on the quality of surface, underground and coastal water (solid waste, air pollution and hydrous rejections);

Elaboration a detailed inventory of all sources of harmful effects and introduction all the geo-referenced or spatial data in G.I.S in order to analyze them and to apprehend their impact assessment;

To lay out a interactive decision support system for better sensitising the deciders in order to adopt adequate measurements for preserving water resources and instantaneous follow-up of their quality.

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