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A. CELL THEORY

1) All living things are made of one or more cells.2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.3) Living cells come only from other living cells.

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• These cells have a nucleus.• Nucleus is a membrane covered organelle

that holds the DNA.• Examples are plant and animal cells.

B) Two Types of Cells:

• These cells DO NOT have a nucleus.• DNA exists in loops that floats freely in the

cell.• An example is bacteria

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Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

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Large

No Cell wall

Small Vacuoles

No Chloroplasts

Cell wall

Large Vacuoles

Chloroplasts

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C) COMPARING TWO EUKARYOTIC CELLS:

ANIMAL CELL VS.PLANT CELL

1) ORGANELLES:• tiny organs in the cell.

2) CYTOPLASM:• fluid filling inside the cell

membrane.• makes up the majority of cell’s

mass.

D) SOME CELL TERMS & STRUCTURES:

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Organelles

Cytoplasm

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3) CELL MEMBRANE

• controls movement of materials into and out of the cell

• holds cell together

Cell membrane

Animal Cell

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Cell membrane

Animal Cell

Cell membrane made of special

lipids called “phospholipids”

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One phospholipid molecule.

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A model of a section of phospholipid molecules that make up the cell membrane.

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Cell membrane

Animal Cell12

• found in plant cells not animal cells

• provides strength and support for plant cells.

• made of cellulose (long chains of sugar molecules)

4) CELL WALL

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Cell wall

Cell membrane

Plant Cell

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1) Nucleus:

• the control center of the cell

• stores DNA

(a) nucleolus - dark spot inside the nucleus, which makes ribosomes.

E) ORGANELLES OF CELLS:

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(b) nuclear membrane - controls movement of materials

in and out of nucleus.

(c) DNA - stores information for making proteins

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Nucleus

DNANucleolus

Animal Cell

Nuclear membrane

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2) RIBOSOME• tiny grain like

particles usually found along the E.R.

• proteins are made here

Ribosome Proteins

Amino acids

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Close as you get to a real picture of a Ribosome. It is made of RNA and

protein.

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3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):• makes lipids

• the delivery system of the cell for compounds such as proteins through its tubular connections.

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Endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes

Animal Cell

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4) Mitochondria:

• the “Power House” of the cell

• releases energy packets of ATP for use in the cell.

Mitochondria Outer membrane

Inner membrane

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Mitochondria

A real picture of a mitochondrion. Spelling of word ending is –ion for singular and –ia for plural

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Mitochondria

More mitochondria

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5) Chloroplast:

• “Solar Panels” for capturing energy

• they use energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells (i.e. glucose).

Outer membrane

Inner membrane

Chloroplast

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Real pictureof Chloroplasts

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More pictures of real ChloroplastsThe green round structures are chloroplasts

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Cellmembrane

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Plant Cell

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Vacuole

6) Vacuole:

• “Storage Tanks” of the cell

• store water, food and waste.

Animal CellPlant Cell

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7) Golgi body:

• packages and transports materials out of the cell.

Golgi complex

Animal Cell

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8) Lysosome:

• “Clean-up and Recycling Crew”

• digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders.

Lysosome

Vesicle with food

Animal Cell

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More pictures of Lysosomes

Lysosomes

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Summary of organelles and their functions33

Pictures of different cells. These are cells from inside the cheek of your mouth.

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White Blood CellsRed Blood Cells

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This is a Plant Cell found in many fish aquariums

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A Neuron is a nerve cell that is part of our nervous system.

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This shows different types of muscle cells which make up muscle fiber.

Muscle Cells

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