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Earth’s materials are being used up at a quicker rate than they can be replenished
We must find substitutes for common materials
Substitutes should be Plentiful Inexpensive Properties are very similar to the original
material
An element that at different forms each has a distinctly different physical or chemical property
Example: Diamond, graphite, and buckmisterfullerene are ALL Carbon!
Ceramics Clay (mineral kaolinte, magnesium, sodium,
and potassium ions) Very plentiful on earth Natural ceramics: hard, ridged, low
chemical reactivity, resistance to wear, resistant at very high temperatures, strong at high temps▪ Diesel engines made from ceramics can operate
at higher temps
Problems – ceramics are brittle and crack when go from hot to cold quickly
Plastics Synthetic materials made of carbon
chains with hydrogen and other materials attached
Less dense than metal Springy (doesn’t dent easily) Problem: most plastics are made from petroleum (a non-renewable resource)
Alloys A solid combination of 2 or more metals Brass = zinc and copper Bronze = copper with tin, zinc, and other
elements Steel = iron with carbon and small
amounts of others Other common alloys: Pewter, 14-
carat gold, white gold
Paint, Varnishes, and Shellacs Protects Look Nice Powder Coating▪ Eliminates the need for solvents▪ Electrically charged fine powder is sprayed from spray
guns▪ Product is heated to “cure” the powder into a tough
shell▪ Long-lasting, corrosion resistant surface
Paints are made of▪ Pigment and solvent
Process used to cover one metal with another
Ex. Steel bumpers on trucks are plated with nickel so they resistance rusting in bad weatherProcess is all about the oxidation and reduction of the metalsEx. Chrome plating on trucks and
motorcycles
One or two atoms thick…very thin!Optics and electronics industryUV /anti-glare protection on auto
glassColor changing paint (iridescence)
Cars that appear different colors in different light
Page 204 - 205#’s 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17
Test Friday 2-29-08 Unit 2 Section C and D Balancing Equations What is the mole Molar Mass Conserving Resources Dealing with Waste 4 R’s This Power Point
Remember to complete your review Questions for both sections: due the day of the test