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SKIN SUBSTITUTES
BY-Nilasish Pani Guide-Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Nayak
Associate Professor Plastic Surgery
SCBMCH
AUTOGRAFTTissue taken from an individual
and grafted on himselfTaken from thigh region preferablyTill now the best method of
wound coverage
CLASSIFICATION
Skin Substitutes
Temporary-skin substitutes
BIOLOGIC
AL>
Human
allograft > Xenograft >
Amniotic
membrane
> Collagen
SYNTHETIC
> Duoderm
> Opsit
e>
Omniderm
BIO-SYNTHETIC
> Biobrane
> Integr
a
Permanent-skin substitutes
> CEA> ADM
> COMPOSITE GRAFT
ALLOGRAFTA surgical transplant of tissue from
genetically different individual of the species
Fresh or cadaver allograftHuman cadaver allograft-pre-requisite 1)Fresh 2)Refrigerated 3)Frozen
ALLOGRAFT EXPRESSIONA
llograft skin
Langerhans cell express class-2 Ag
Graft rejection within 2 to 3 wk
Decrease in graft rejection by- 1) uv irradiation 2)incubation in glucocorticoid 3)immunosuppresion
AUTOGRAFT
AUTOGRAFT + ALLOGRAFT
XENOGRAFTPORCINE SKIN XENOGRAFT 3 sterile forms- 1)fresh 2)refrigerated 3)liophylized (frozen)Only used for dressingBiological option but no vascularization & so rejection
XENOGRAFTFROG SKIN XENOGRAFTTemporary biological cover
preparation for autograftAdvantages- 1) thin 2)non-antigenic 3)easy to use
AMNIOTIC MEMBRANEBOVINE AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE
>thin & transparent with poresHUMAN AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE >How it is obtained? # from placenta
• # from sero -ve mothers with• no h/o PROM• # cleaned in NS
AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE
Advantages:Very thin/easily adherent/easy to spread/
conforms to contour↓ painMoist environmentHelps epithelialisationExudation of discharge can occur(pores)
Disadvantages:cumbersome to separate/prepare/storeinfection transmission
7th Day Day of Application
Auto-meshgrafts covered with amnion during the operation
Appearance at end of treatment
Same case
COLLAGEN
COLLAGEN (APCOLL )
derived from bovine/porcine/fish/human amnion sources
support cellular growth. Non - inflammatory, Non – immunogenic. Low antigenicity. Sterilized through GAMMA RADIATION Preserved in solution of Isopropyl alcohol
and water
Features & Properties
COMMERCIAL COLLAGEN
PRE OP
7TH DAY POST OP
AFTER CLEANING WITH NS
AFTER COLLAGEN APPLICN
BIOSYNTHETIC SKIN
SUBSTITUTES1.Biobrane :-• bilaminate
membrane → Nylon mesh + silicone rubber• Nylon mesh
coated with porcine peptides from type I collagen• silicone rubber
BIOBRANE
DERMAL REGENERATION TEMPLATE(INTEGRA)
inner biodegradable memb. [bovine collagen+ chondroitin SO4](dermal component)
Gets vascularised, Fibroblasts migrate
Outer silicone [temporary](epiderm. component)
Protects wound from desiccation/infectionRemoved after 3 wks
INTEGRA• After 2/3 wk outer silicone layer excised inner neodermis is biodegradable• Disadvantage:-1) very expensive 2)2 surgical procedures
SYNTHETIC SUBSTITUTES
• Duoderm (polyurethane and hydrocolloids)
• Opsite (polyurethane film)
• Omniderm (acrylamide film and
hydroxyethylmethyerylate with polyurethane).
SYNTHETIC SUBSTITUTES
• Indications: In intermediate-superficial burns
• acrylamide film has enabled to achieve healing in less time
• The additional advantage :reduction in the number of dressings.
SYNTHETIC SUBSTITUTES
PERMANENT SKIN SUBSTITUTES• CULTURED EPIDERMAL AUTOGRAFT(CEA)
• Cultured: in vitro culture of human keratinocyte
• Epidermal: No dermal component • Advantages:
Avoids donor site morbidity
CULTURED EPIDERMAL AUTOGRAFT(CEA)
Disadvantages:– culture process require 21 days– Fragile: difficult to handle– Unpredictable take rate– High cost– Poor quality of healing & frequent breakdown
(Epidermal component only)
ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX (ADM)• derived from cadaver homograft - after
removal of epithelial/dermal cellular component
• 3 PROPERTIES• very low antigenicity• capacity for rapid vascularization• stability as dermal template
EPIDERMAL-DERMAL COMPOSITE CULTURED GRAFTS (APLIGRAFT)
• BILAYERED LIVING SKIN EQUIVALENT• Composition: Type I Bovine collagen+ Allogenic
Keratinocyte + Neonatal fibroblast epidermal layer of autologus epidermal
cells dermal layer of allogenic fibroblasts &
collagen• Not available for general clinical use
END OF MY PRESENTATION, BEGINNING OF NEW POSSIBILITIES