Smsvn pmp training_slides_chapter_8

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PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

SMSVN – PMP Training Course 2013 – Chapter 8 Prepared by Luong Tri Tien - 29/07/2013

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Knowledge Area

Process

Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring & Contol Closing

Quality Plan Quality Management

Perform Quality – Assurance Control Quality

Enter phase/Start project

Exit phase/End project

InitiatingProcesses

ClosingProcesses

PlanningProcesses

ExecutingProcesses

Monitoring &Controlling Processes


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Quality is degree to which the project fulfills requirements

Quality Management includes creating and following policies and procedures to ensure that a project meet the defined needs (from the customer’s perspective).

Completing project without deviations from the project requirements.


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QUALITY CONCEPTS Quality vs. Grade

Quality: the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements

Quality level that fails to meet quality requirements is always a PROBLEM

Grade: a category assigned to product or service having the same functional use but different technical characteristics

Low grade may not be a problem


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QUALITY CONCEPTS Gold Plating: giving the customer extras

This practice is not recommended

Marginal Analysis: looking for the point where..benefits/revenue to be received from improving quality EQUALS the incremental cost to achieve that quality

Just in Time (JIT): just when they are needed or just before they are needed. It forces attention on quality practices.

Total Quality Management (TQM) Company & their employees focus on finding ways to continuous improve the quality of their business practices & products.


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QUALITY MANAGEMENT: IMPORTANT POINTS

• Customer satisfaction• Conformance to requirement• Fitness for use: product/service produced must satisfy real needs

• Prevention over inspection• Cost of preventing mistakes < cost of correcting

• Continuous improvement (Kaizen)• Based on PDCA cycle• Using quality improvement initiatives e.g. TQM, 6 sigma• Using process improvement models e.g. OPM3, CMMI, Malcolm Baldrige

• Management responsibility• To provide the resource needed to succeed


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8.1 PLAN QUALITY MANAGEMENT The process of identifying requirement and/or standards for the project and product and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance. What is quality? How will we ensure it?

Inputs

1. PMP2. Stakeholder register3. Risk register4. Requirements

documentation5. EEF6. OPA

Tools & Techniques

1. Cost benefit analysis2. Cost of Quality (CoQ)3. Seven basic quality

tools4. Benchmarking5. Design of experiments6. Statistical sampling7. Additional quality

planning tools8. Meetings

Outputs

1. Quality management plan

2. Process improvement plan

3. Quality metrics4. Quality checklists5. Project document

updates


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QUALITY PLANNING TECHNIQUES Cost benefit analysis

Weight the benefits versus the cost of meeting quality requirements Design of Experiments (DOE)

Use experimentation to statistically determine what variable will improve quality Systematically changing all of the important factors, rather than changing the factors

one at a time Benchmarking Statistical sampling

We need it since studying entire population would take too long, too much cost, be too destructive

Additional Quality Planning Tools Brainstorming - Nominal group technique Force field analysis - Quality management and control cost

Meeting


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COST OF QUALITY Cost of quality (CoQ)

Looking at what the cost of conformance and nonconformance to quality and creating an appropriate balance

<

.. should be less then..


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SEVEN BASIC QUALITY TOOLS Cause-and-effect diagrams

Also known as fishbone diagrams or as Ishikawa diagrams.

Flowcharts Show the activities, decision points, branching loops, parallel paths, and the overall order of

processing.

Checksheets Are used to organize facts in a manner that will facilitate the effective collection of useful data

about a potential quality problem.

Pareto diagrams The categories shown on the horizontal axis exist as a valid probality distribution that

accounts for 100% of the possible observations.


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SEVEN BASIC QUALITY TOOLS Histograms

Are a special form of bar chart and used to the central tendency, dispersion and shape of statistical distribution.

Control charts Used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance.

Scatter diagrams Plot ordered pairs (X, Y) and are sometimes called correlation charts


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SEVEN BASIC QUALITY TOOLS


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OUTPUT Quality Management Plan

Process Improvement Plan: Process boundaries Process configuration Process metrics Target for improved performance

Quality metrics An operational that describes how quality control process will measure it. What are things that important to measure and decide what measurement is acceptable

Quality checklists A list of items to inspect, step to be performed and note if any defects found

Project documents updates Stakeholder register Responsibility assignment matrix WBS and WBS dictionary

Quality metrics is input for• Quality Assurance AND• Quality Control

Quality checklist is input for

• Quality Control ONLY


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8.2 PERFORM QUALITY ASSURANCE The process of auditing the quality requirement and the result of

quality control measurements to ensure appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used.

Inputs

1. Quality management plan

2. Process improvement plan

3. Quality metrics4. Quality control

measurements5. Project documents

Tools & Techniques

1. Quality management and control tools

2. Quality audits3. Process analysis

Outputs

1. Change requests2. Project management

plan updates3. Project document

updates4. OPA updates


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QUALITY ASSURANCEAre we using the standard?

Can we improve the standard?

Quality Audits To see if you are complying with company policies, standards & procedures

Determine whether they are used efficiently & effectively Identify all the good practices being implemented Identify all the gaps/shortcomings Look for new lesson learned & good practices

Process Analysis Includes root cause analysis


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QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL TOOLS


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CONTROL QUALITY Prevention (keeping errors out of the process) and inspection (keeping

errors out of the hands of the customer). Attribute sampling (the result either conforms or does not conform) and

variables sampling (the result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity)

Tolerances (specified range of acceptable results) and control limits (that identify the boundaries of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance).


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IMPORTANT TERMS Mutual Exclusive: if two events cannot both occur in a single trial Probability: something will occur Normal Distribution: common probability density distribution chart Statistical independence: the probability of one event occurring does not affect the

probability of another event occurring Standard deviation (or Sigma): how far you are from the mean 3 or 6 sigma

Represent the level of quality has decided to try to achieve 6σ is higher quality standard than 3σ Used to calculate the upper and lower control limits in a control chart

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Thank You

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Smsvn pmp training_slides_chapter_8