Upload
innovaatioverkosto
View
230
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ju LiuSenior Researcher
TaSTI, Tampereen Yliopisto
InnoWork 9.5Innovation in Globalizing Economy
} Ju LiuB.E. in electric engineeringMBA in international businessPh.D. in innovation study
Worked in China, Denmark, Switzerland, SwedenWorked in both industry and university
Interested in globalisation of innovation and innovationnetworks
} Why are BIC countries important?
} What is global innovation network and how do they look like?
} What is the role of BIC countries in the global innovationnetworks now and what can it be in the future?
} What are the policy implications to Europe?
This presentation is mainly based on the findings of the EU7th framework project, INGINEUS (impact of networks and
globalisation and their interaction with EU strategies)www.ingineus.eu
} Because they are big?
} Because they are populous?
Brazil 3.1%
India 17.9%
China 20.5%
EU 11%
Calculation based on the Conference Board Total Economy DatabaseSeptember 2010
2009 population as percentage to world population
} Because they are EMERGING!
Source: Visual Memory of Thirty Years Development in Shenzhenhttp://jingji.cntv.cn/special/tequ30/05/index.shtml
1983
1997
2005
Shenzhen:China’s first
special economic zone
Source: The Conference Board Total Economy Database, September 2010
Percentage share of world income Labor productivity as percentage to EU 15
Technologycatching up
Brazil: biofuel India: ICT service China: ICTmanufacturing
} The definitionñ A global organised web of complex interactions between
firms and non firm organisations engaged in theproduction of knowledge and the development ofinnovation (EU INGINEUS, 2011)
INGINEUS (Impact of Networks, Globalisation, and their INteractionwith EU Strategies, 2009 2011) is a research project sponsored bythe 7th Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Commission.
} The various formsñ Joint ventureñ Strategic alliancesñ Research consortiañ Outsourcing of R&Dñ Global distribution of R&D location of multinational companiesñ Joint public research projectsñ Co financed PhD programs and research training
Globalness
Innovativeness
Networkedness
Country No. of firms Industry
Brazil, India, China, 636 ICT, Automobile,Agro processingDenmark, Estonia, Germany, Norway, Sweden 495
Source: The 7th Framework project INGINEUShttp://www.ingineus.eu/UserFiles/INGINEUS_D10.1.pdf, 12 12 2011
• 63% somewhat global• 54% somewhat global innovation network (GIN, Gin, gin, giN, GiN)
• Once you are global, you tend to be innovative and networked
Firms in each category as percentage ofall firms in the country Comparisonbetween BIC and Europe
Firms in each category as percentage ofall firms in the country
Comparison among BIC countries
Source: The 7th Framework project INGINEUShttp://www.ingineus.eu/UserFiles/INGINEUS_D10.1.pdf, 12 12 2011
• Firms located in BIC countries aremore involved in some forms of GINsthan those in Europe
• 5 Subsidiaries of US MNCs• 5 subsidiaries of
emerging MNCs• 3 standalone firms• 1emerging MNC
headquarter
• 1 standalone firm
• India plays a disproportionatelyimportant role in the emergence ofGINs
} Why is that? a regional perspectiveñ Institutional thicknessñ Organisational presenceñ Interaction among organisationsñ Legal system to prevent sectionalism and rogue behaviorñ Mutual awareness and common agenda
ñ Three tiers of regions (for ICT industry)
Tier of region Type of GIN Examples of regionsTier 1
Strong region gIn Stockholm, Bangalore, Beijing
Tier 2Neither strong nor
weakGIN Malmö, Chennai, Shenzhen
Tier 3Weak region gin Helsinborg, Trivandrum, Shanghai
} How much has been put into the innovation system?
EU 27
Gross expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP(1981 2008)Source: OECD MSTI database and national sources
IndiaSchool enrollment of tertiaryeducation (percentage gross1997 2007)
Source: UNESCO database on education
BIC countries are rapidly building upcompetence in creating new technology
} Trade in goods
Imports to EU27 from partner countries Export from EU27 to partner countries
Source: Eurostat Comext database
} Trade in services
Imports from BIC to EU27
Source: OECD Trade in Services Database
} Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
FDI from OECD Europe to BIC FDI from BIC to OECD Europe
Source: OECD Globalisation Database
} Technology licensing
Payments (imports) Receipts (exports)
Receipts and payments for royalties and license fees from BICS (1999 2007)
Source: OECD Balance of Payments Statistics
} Mobility of students and labor force
EU 27 US
Students from BICS countries enrolled in tertiary education in EU27 and the US
Source: UNESCO and Eurostat
} Making Europe the hub of GINs rather than amagnetic pole
} Strengthening the knowledge competence ofEurope
} More open and flexible migration policies andcreating a true European labor market