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GOTHIC ART - ARTE GÓTICO (BILINGUAL IN ENGLISH/SPANISH) IES DIEGO TORRENTE PÉREZ- SECCIÓN EUROPEA EN INGLÉS. SAN CLEMENTE (CUENCA) 2º ESO - CIENCIAS SOCIALES
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Gothic style began in the middle of 12th century in France, and then spread all over Europe.
El estilo Gótico comenzó a mediados del siglo XII en Francia. Desde allí se extendió por toda Europa Catedral de
Beauvais
GOTHIC EXPANSION
Romanesque style did not disappear suddenly. Both styles co-existed for a few years, but Gothic substituted Romanesque little by little.
El estilo Románico no desapareció repentinamente. Ambos estilos coexistieron varios años, hasta que finalmente el ´Gótico sustituyó al Románico.
CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO (s. XII-XV)
Gothic was a urban art.
Every city wanted to have its own cathedral, the most characteristic symbol of Gothic art. Cathedrals were symbols of prestige for cities.
Gothic is an urban art.
Cada ciudad quería tener su propia catedral, el símbolo más característico del arte Gótico. Las catedrales eran los símbolos de prestigio para las ciudades.
Not only religious
buildings were built, but
also markets (lonjas),
palaces, town halls…
No sólo se
construyeron edificios
religiosos, sino también
lonjas, palacios,
ayuntamientos.
CastilloCastilloLonjaLonja
PalacioPalacio CatedralCatedral
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Gothic temples were higher than Romanesque temples.
Los templos
góticos eran más
altos que los
Románicos. Catedral de Beauvais
The use of pointed (or ogival) arches
La utilización de arcos apuntados (u ojivales)
The use of ribbed vaults
La utilización de bóvedas de crucería
Bóvedas deCrucería
Ribbed vaults
Fan Vault
Sexpartite Vault
Walls were not so massive or huge as
they were during the Romanesque period.
Gothic buildings have many more windows,
and thus they are brighter inside.
Los muros no eran tan anchos como
en los edificios románicos.
Los edificios góticos tienen muchas más
ventanas, y así los interiores tienen
mucha más luz.
CATEDRAL DE LEÓN
Stained glasses were inserted in
the windows.
En las ventanas se introducían
vidrieras.
CATEDRAL DE METZ (Francia). Rosetón
ROSETÓN / ROSE
White light coming from the sun trespassed the stained glass thus creating an intense atmosphere inside the temple.
La luz blanca del Sol que entraba a través de las vidrieras creaba una atmósfera espiritual intensa dentro del templo.
Inside the cathedral,
pillars are used; outside,
buttresses and flying
buttresses are used,
supporting the weights
of the vault.
En el interior emplea
pilares, mientras que en
el exterior usa
arbotantes que trasladan
los empujes de la bóveda
a los contrafuertes.
At the top of the
counterforts,
pinnacles were
erected as
decoration.
En la parte de
arriba de los
contrafuertes, se
erigían pináculos
como decoración.
Latin Cross plans
are used and
poligonal chevets
(apses).
Se sigue usando
la planta de cruz
latina y la
cabecera
poligonal.
CROSS LATIN PLANS WITH 3 OR 5 NAVES, APSE ANDAMBULA-TORY WITH CHAPELS.
Plano de la Catedralde Chartres
Plano de la Catedral deNotre Dame de París
Doble girola
Torres
3 o 5naves
3 fachadas(A,B,C)
A
B C B C
A
Gothic cathedral section
Apses were enlarged.Los ábsides se agrandan
There were usually 3 or 4 storeys insideHabía normalmente 3 o 4 pisos de altura en el interior
A rose window covered with stained
glass was situated on the facade
Un rosetón (vidriera circular) se
situaba en la fachada.
Gargoyles were used for getting rid of
rainwater, and for decoration
Las gárgolas se utilizaban para
desaguar y para decoración
Gothic Architecture
CONTRAFUERTE
ARCO ARBOTANTE
PINÁCULO
NAVE CENTRAL
NAVELATE-RAL
ARCO OJIVALBÓVEDA DE CRUCERÍA
Catedral de León
RosetónRosetón
GableteGablete
Portada
ojival
Portada
ojival
ArbotantesArbotantes
ESCULTURA EN
ARQUIVOLTAS,
TÍMPANO, JAMBAS
Y PARTELUZ
Jambs
Archivolts
Tympanum
Lintel
Trumeau
Gablet
Pinnacle
Jambs
Gablete
RosetónRosetón GableteGablete
Catedral de Barcelona
Gablete
Chapitelesy agujas
Catedral de Amiens
Catedral de Chartres
Sainte-Chapelle - Interior.
Milan Cathedral (Duomo)
The biggest and greatest late gothic architecture in Italy.1386-1577, west front 1616-1813
Leuven, Belgium Town Hall
15th Century
High Gothic 13th
century
Early Gothic 12th
century
Mudéjar Gothic 13th-15th century
Levantino Gothic
14th century
Late Gothic 15th
century
Isabelline Gothic
15th century
Catedral de Palma de Mallorca
CATEDRAL DE LEÓNVISTA GENERAL
PLANTA DE CRUZ LATINA CON CABECERA MUY DESARROLLADA Y DOBLE GIROLA
CLAUSTRO
ARBOTANTES
ABSIDIOLOS
La Seo Cathedral at nightRomanesque apse with mudéjar and gothic additions
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Lonja y Consulado del Mar. Valencia
Lonja de Valencia.Interior
LONJA DE PALMA DE MALLORCA. Interior. Bóvedas estrelladas.
Claustro del Hospital de San Juan de los Reyes
Ayuntamiento de Bruselas
Palazzo del Comune.Siena
Palacio del Dux de Venecia
UNIVERSIDAD DE CAMBRIDGE
Figures were becoming independent from architecture. Figures were more realistic and natural than during the Romanesque style.
Las obras se fueron liberando de la adaptación a la arquitectura.Las figuras se representaron de forma más realista y natural.
Most of sculptures were religious but they began to appear the first sculptures of nobles or burghers.
Figures are getting movement, curves lines get successful.
There was an interest to express feelings: happiness, sadness, hurt, etc.
Aparecieron los primeros retratos de nobles y burgueses.
Las figuras empiezan a adquirir movimiento.
Existió un interés por expresar sentimientos de alegría, tristeza, dolor, etc.
Tomb of Philippe Le Pot.
Clothes and gestures were more detailled.
Both reliefs and free-standing sculptures were made.
Se hicieron tanto relieves como figuras exentas.
Sepulchres
It is one of the new locations for sculpture.
The characteristics are: Death person depicted
on the bed, laying or praying
Symbolic animal images
They were commanded by nobility or bourgeoisie
They appear in the chapels.
Other locations
Other places for sculptures are: Choir chairs Pulpits Altar pieces
Facades or portals were decorated with reliefsLas portadas eran decoradas con relieves.
Capitals...
Tympana (tympanum is singular)
Columns on the facades...
And archivolts
Saints and sinners were represented
Gothic sculptures are more natural and full of expression than Romanesque
Naturalism affected the two main images depicted:
The Virgin is not any longer a throne for her son but a mother who plays with him
Christ is a human person who suffers in the cross or who is death.
In Spain there were two important sculptors: Gil de Siloé and Pere Joan
Gil de Siloé
Pere Joan
Wooden retables were placed behind the altars. This one is in a convent in Burgos (Cartuja de Miraflores)
Tombs could be very beautiful, too
Virgen Blanca de León y de Toledo
Spain
In some cases the person appears in a normal attitude, as is they were alive. El doncel de Sigüenza
Painting on walls losses its importance, as walls were changed by wide windows and there were no place to paint.
La pintura mural perdió la importancia, Los muros fueron sustituidos por amplios ventanales y no hubo lugar donde realizar las pinturas.
They used to paint on wood, so altarpieces made with wood appeared.
Adquirió importancia la pintura sobre madera, dando lugar a la aparición de los retablos pictóricos
The more painted subjects were religious, but also portraits. Usually nobles or burghers who paid the painting appeared as donants.
Los temas más representados siguieron siendo los religiosos y también los retratos.Muchas veces los nobles y burgueses que pagaban la pintura aparecían como donantes.
Other important features were:
• Richful colours.• Use of golden colours. • Landscapes in the background.• Realism.• Movement.
Otras características importantes fueron:•Riqueza de colores,•El uso•del dorado,•La introducción de paisajes de fondo,•La búsqueda del realismo y•El movimiento de las figuras.
Gothic Painting
Altarpieces and Icons were common religious paintings.
Last Judgement, Roger Van der Weyden.
Icon: Virgin with child
Gothic Painting
Portraits also became important.
Gothic Painting
They continue
illustrating religious
books.
Miniatures were the
most important
type.
Roger van Weyden. El descendimiento
In Spain , Luis Dalmau and Jaume Huguet were the most famous painters.
En España, Luis Dalmau y Jaume Huguet fueron los pintores más importantes. Jaume Huguet.
San Abdón y San Senén
Luis DalmauLa Virgen de los Consejeros
Bartolomé BermejoSanto Domingo de Silos
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