Gothic style began in the middle of 12th century in France, and then spread all over Europe.

El estilo Gótico comenzó a mediados del siglo XII en Francia. Desde allí se extendió por toda Europa Catedral de

Beauvais

GOTHIC EXPANSION

Romanesque style did not disappear suddenly. Both styles co-existed for a few years, but Gothic substituted Romanesque little by little.

El estilo Románico no desapareció repentinamente. Ambos estilos coexistieron varios años, hasta que finalmente el ´Gótico sustituyó al Románico.

CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO (s. XII-XV)

Gothic was a urban art.

Every city wanted to have its own cathedral, the most characteristic symbol of Gothic art. Cathedrals were symbols of prestige for cities.

Gothic is an urban art.

Cada ciudad quería tener su propia catedral, el símbolo más característico del arte Gótico. Las catedrales eran los símbolos de prestigio para las ciudades.

Not only religious

buildings were built, but

also markets (lonjas),

palaces, town halls…

No sólo se

construyeron edificios

religiosos, sino también

lonjas, palacios,

ayuntamientos.

CastilloCastilloLonjaLonja

PalacioPalacio CatedralCatedral

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Gothic temples were higher than Romanesque temples.

Los templos

góticos eran más

altos que los

Románicos. Catedral de Beauvais

The use of pointed (or ogival) arches

La utilización de arcos apuntados (u ojivales)

The use of ribbed vaults

La utilización de bóvedas de crucería

Bóvedas deCrucería

Ribbed vaults

Fan Vault

Sexpartite Vault

Walls were not so massive or huge as

they were during the Romanesque period.

Gothic buildings have many more windows,

and thus they are brighter inside.

Los muros no eran tan anchos como

en los edificios románicos.

Los edificios góticos tienen muchas más

ventanas, y así los interiores tienen

mucha más luz.

CATEDRAL DE LEÓN

Stained glasses were inserted in

the windows.

En las ventanas se introducían

vidrieras.

CATEDRAL DE METZ (Francia). Rosetón

ROSETÓN / ROSE

White light coming from the sun trespassed the stained glass thus creating an intense atmosphere inside the temple.

La luz blanca del Sol que entraba a través de las vidrieras creaba una atmósfera espiritual intensa dentro del templo.

Inside the cathedral,

pillars are used; outside,

buttresses and flying

buttresses are used,

supporting the weights

of the vault.

En el interior emplea

pilares, mientras que en

el exterior usa

arbotantes que trasladan

los empujes de la bóveda

a los contrafuertes.

At the top of the

counterforts,

pinnacles were

erected as

decoration.

En la parte de

arriba de los

contrafuertes, se

erigían pináculos

como decoración.

Latin Cross plans

are used and

poligonal chevets

(apses).

Se sigue usando

la planta de cruz

latina y la

cabecera

poligonal.

CROSS LATIN PLANS WITH 3 OR 5 NAVES, APSE ANDAMBULA-TORY WITH CHAPELS.

Plano de la Catedralde Chartres

Plano de la Catedral deNotre Dame de París

Doble girola

Torres

3 o 5naves

3 fachadas(A,B,C)

A

B C B C

A

Gothic cathedral section

Apses were enlarged.Los ábsides se agrandan

There were usually 3 or 4 storeys insideHabía normalmente 3 o 4 pisos de altura en el interior

A rose window covered with stained

glass was situated on the facade

Un rosetón (vidriera circular) se

situaba en la fachada.

Gargoyles were used for getting rid of

rainwater, and for decoration

Las gárgolas se utilizaban para

desaguar y para decoración

Gothic Architecture

CONTRAFUERTE

ARCO ARBOTANTE

PINÁCULO

NAVE CENTRAL

NAVELATE-RAL

ARCO OJIVALBÓVEDA DE CRUCERÍA

Catedral de León

RosetónRosetón

GableteGablete

Portada

ojival

Portada

ojival

ArbotantesArbotantes

ESCULTURA EN

ARQUIVOLTAS,

TÍMPANO, JAMBAS

Y PARTELUZ

Jambs

Archivolts

Tympanum

Lintel

Trumeau

Gablet

Pinnacle

Jambs

Gablete

RosetónRosetón GableteGablete

Catedral de Barcelona

Gablete

Chapitelesy agujas

Notre Dame de Paris.

The western facade of Reims Cathedral, France.

Catedral de Amiens

Catedral de Chartres

Sainte-Chapelle - Interior.

Milan Cathedral (Duomo)

The biggest and greatest late gothic architecture in Italy.1386-1577, west front 1616-1813

Leuven, Belgium Town Hall

15th Century

High Gothic 13th

century

Early Gothic 12th

century

Mudéjar Gothic 13th-15th century

Levantino Gothic

14th century

Late Gothic 15th

century

Isabelline Gothic

15th century

Catedral de Palma de Mallorca

CATEDRAL DE LEÓNVISTA GENERAL

PLANTA DE CRUZ LATINA CON CABECERA MUY DESARROLLADA Y DOBLE GIROLA

CLAUSTRO

ARBOTANTES

ABSIDIOLOS

La Seo Cathedral at nightRomanesque apse with mudéjar and gothic additions

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Lonja y Consulado del Mar. Valencia

Lonja de Valencia.Interior

LONJA DE PALMA DE MALLORCA. Interior. Bóvedas estrelladas.

Claustro del Hospital de San Juan de los Reyes

Ayuntamiento de Bruselas

Palazzo del Comune.Siena

Palacio del Dux de Venecia

UNIVERSIDAD DE CAMBRIDGE

Figures were becoming independent from architecture. Figures were more realistic and natural than during the Romanesque style.

Las obras se fueron liberando de la adaptación a la arquitectura.Las figuras se representaron de forma más realista y natural.

Most of sculptures were religious but they began to appear the first sculptures of nobles or burghers.

Figures are getting movement, curves lines get successful.

There was an interest to express feelings: happiness, sadness, hurt, etc.

Aparecieron los primeros retratos de nobles y burgueses.

Las figuras empiezan a adquirir movimiento.

Existió un interés por expresar sentimientos de alegría, tristeza, dolor, etc.

Tomb of Philippe Le Pot.

Clothes and gestures were more detailled.

Both reliefs and free-standing sculptures were made.

Se hicieron tanto relieves como figuras exentas.

Sepulchres

It is one of the new locations for sculpture.

The characteristics are: Death person depicted

on the bed, laying or praying

Symbolic animal images

They were commanded by nobility or bourgeoisie

They appear in the chapels.

Other locations

Other places for sculptures are: Choir chairs Pulpits Altar pieces

Facades or portals were decorated with reliefsLas portadas eran decoradas con relieves.

Capitals...

Tympana (tympanum is singular)

Columns on the facades...

And archivolts

Saints and sinners were represented

Gothic sculptures are more natural and full of expression than Romanesque

Naturalism affected the two main images depicted:

The Virgin is not any longer a throne for her son but a mother who plays with him

Christ is a human person who suffers in the cross or who is death.

In Spain there were two important sculptors: Gil de Siloé and Pere Joan

Gil de Siloé

Pere Joan

Wooden retables were placed behind the altars. This one is in a convent in Burgos (Cartuja de Miraflores)

Tombs could be very beautiful, too

Virgen Blanca de León y de Toledo

Spain

In some cases the person appears in a normal attitude, as is they were alive. El doncel de Sigüenza

Painting on walls losses its importance, as walls were changed by wide windows and there were no place to paint.

La pintura mural perdió la importancia, Los muros fueron sustituidos por amplios ventanales y no hubo lugar donde realizar las pinturas.

They used to paint on wood, so altarpieces made with wood appeared.

Adquirió importancia la pintura sobre madera, dando lugar a la aparición de los retablos pictóricos

The more painted subjects were religious, but also portraits. Usually nobles or burghers who paid the painting appeared as donants.

Los temas más representados siguieron siendo los religiosos y también los retratos.Muchas veces los nobles y burgueses que pagaban la pintura aparecían como donantes.

Other important features were:

• Richful colours.• Use of golden colours. • Landscapes in the background.• Realism.• Movement.

Otras características importantes fueron:•Riqueza de colores,•El uso•del dorado,•La introducción de paisajes de fondo,•La búsqueda del realismo y•El movimiento de las figuras.

Gothic Painting

Altarpieces and Icons were common religious paintings.

Last Judgement, Roger Van der Weyden.

Icon: Virgin with child

Gothic Painting

Portraits also became important.

Gothic Painting

They continue

illustrating religious

books.

Miniatures were the

most important

type.

Roger van Weyden. El descendimiento

In Spain , Luis Dalmau and Jaume Huguet were the most famous painters.

En España, Luis Dalmau y Jaume Huguet fueron los pintores más importantes. Jaume Huguet.

San Abdón y San Senén

Luis DalmauLa Virgen de los Consejeros

Bartolomé BermejoSanto Domingo de Silos