Wireless Network Design and Commission Testing - BICSI · PDF fileWireless Network Design and...

Wireless Network Design and Commission Testing

Tom BennettRCDD, DCDC, ESS, OSP, WD, TECH, CT

BICSI

Welcome and Introduction• Discussion Topics for Today’s Session:

– The RF Spectrum : Understanding the Frequency Plan– Wireless Architecture– Wireless Topology– Wireless Components– Design Fundamentals– Preliminary Site Surveys– Wireless Toolsets– Pre and Post Commission Testing

The RF Frequency Spectrum

Frequencies of Interest• Two Way Mobile Radio • 3G,4G,5G Frequency Bands• LTE Frequency Band• IDEN• Carrier Wireless• 900 Mhz ITMS

Frequencies of Interest• 1.8 Ghz Carrier Cellular• 2.1 Ghz Carrier Cellular• 2.4 Ghz 802.11• 4.9 Ghz Public Safety Band• 5.0 Ghz 802.11• 5.8 Ghz 802.11• 6 Ghz Microwave

Frequencies of Interest• 18 Ghz – Microwave• 23 Ghz – Microwave• 40 Ghz –Microwave• 60 Ghz – Millimeter Wave• 80 Ghz – Millimeter Wave

Categories of Wireless Architecture

• Mobility Based Networks– Cellular– LTE– IDEN– GSM– Trunked Radio

Categories of Wireless Architecture

• Fixed Outdoor Wireless Networks– Microwave 6 Ghz, 12 Ghz, 18 Ghz, 23 Ghz, 38 Ghz– Millimeter Wave 60 Ghz, 80 Ghz– Mesh 900 Mhz, 2.4 Ghz, 5 Ghz, 5.8 Ghz

Categories of Wireless Architecture

• Fixed Indoor 802.11 Wireless Networks– 802.11 Standard Deployment– A Channels – B Channels– G Channels– N Channels– AC Channels

Categories of Wireless Architecture

• Distributed Antenna Systems – DAS• Host Specific

• Host Neutral

• Bi-amplifier based Systems

Categories of Wireless Topology

• Point to Point Fixed Transmission– Bandwidth and Frequency Band Options

– Short Haul 1-10 Miles

– Long Haul 10+ Miles

Two totally different Engineering approaches required

Categories of Wireless Topology

• Point to Multipoint Fixed Transmission

– Bandwidth and Frequency Band Options

– Master, Slave Operation

Categories of Wireless Topology

• Mesh Networks (Both Fixed and Mobile)– Bandwidth and Frequency Band Options

Design Fundamentals

• LOS vs. NLOS Propagation Performance• Predicting Performance

• Fresnel Zone Impact

Design Fundamentals

• Steps for Topographic Analysis– USGS Maps– Terrestrial and Seasonal

Influences– Bodies of Water

Design Fundamentals

• Creation of an RF Path Profile w/Terrestrial Influences

• Design Challenge Activity

Design Fundamentals

Calculation of Free Space Loss

Design Fundamentals

• Microwave – Analog

– Digital

Design Fundamentals

• Millimeter Wave – Limited Distance, High Bandwidth

• 60 Ghz• 80 Ghz• Licensed and Unlicensed Spectrum

Design Fundamentals

• Fresnel Zone Performance• Beam Width Antenna Performance• Fade Margin • Other Additional Environmental Factors

Wireless Network Components

• RF Oscillators, Transceivers and their design– IF frequencies and their purpose in the RF chain

• Coupling and Circulator losses• Transmission Line Loss vs. Frequency

• RF Antenna Types, Gain and Application– Parabolic Reflectors

• Gain versus Diameter• Beam Width versus Distance

– Planar Reflectors• Gain vs size • Beam Width vs Distance w/ lobe pattern

Wireless Network Components

• New Industry Developments• Ground Potential Rise Mitigation

• Rotational Polarization vs. H, V

• MIMO enhancements in antennas, radio

Wireless Network Components

Wireless Network Components

• Antenna Lobe Patterns for Performance– Omnidirectional

vs.– Unidirectional

Support Infrastructure

• Fiber Optics Transport Design– SMAAS (Single Mode as a Strategy) in building system

• Coaxial Distribution Model

Support Infrastructure

• Lightning Protection Considerations

Support Infrastructure

• Electrical Power Quality

• Testing Voltage, Phase, Noise and Ampacity for all Primary and Backup Wireless Circuits for Head End Equipment is a Must.

• Backup and Generator Requirements for DAS

Support Infrastructure

• Grounding and Bonding Methodology– ANSI/TIA 607 Compliance

Support Infrastructure

• Node B Configuration and Setup

• Proper Mounting and Cable Support– Wall Mount, Options and Hardware– Bend Radius and Cable Support– Rack Considerations– Wire Management

Facility Engineering

• Rooftop Spectrum Survey and Analysis

• Determining Antenna Orientation Requirements• Antenna Tilt• Transmit Power

Facility Engineering

• Rooftop Systems Engineering• Structural Analysis • Lightning Protection and Prevention Systems

Facility Engineering

• Engineering Pathway for Donor Antennas– Conduit Recommendations– Bend Radius for LDF and other rigid coaxial cable

Facility Engineering

• Structural Mast, Parapet and Pole Mount Best Practices

• Roof Membranes

• Roof Structure and Wind Loading

• Wind Loading

Facility Engineering

Rooftop Assessment Challenge Activity

Performing a Rooftop Site Survey

Performing a Rooftop Site Survey

Examples of Rooftop Design Considerations– Structural Engineering Considerations– Penetrations (Important Warranty Issue)– Anchoring and Cable Support Methodology– Cable Bridge Supports

Performing a Rooftop Site Survey

• Link Simulation and Testing– LOS Verification

• Frequency Congestion and Its Impact on Performance– Mitigation Strategies for Dense Wireless Environments– Colocation of Carrier Equipment– Power and Grounding

Performing a Rooftop Site Survey

• Spectrum Interference Tool Analysis and Mitigation• Techniques and Difficulty Related to Interference Location

Performing a Pre Install Validation

• Pre Install Performance ValidationVerifying Donor Antenna Azimuth and Tilt

• Propagation Verification Process– In Building Tests to Confirm Software Analysis

Support Infrastructure

Telecom Space Installation Considerations• Node A Headend Layout

– Single Host– Neutral Host

• Adjacencies and Multi Carrier Separation Best Practices• Overhead Ladder Support• Electrical Build Out

Support Infrastructure

• Telecom Space Installation Examples– Single Host

– Neutral Host

RF Antenna Installation

• Antenna Mounting Hardware

– Mast and Pole Mount

– Tower Mount

RF Antenna Alignment

Azimuth and Elevation Settings

RF Antenna Alignment

• Main Lobe Alignment and Peak Performance

RF Antenna Alignment

• Antenna Drift Mitigation• Structural Mount Reinforcement• Tower type (guyed vs. nonguyed)• PM Link Measurement

RF Antenna Alignment

• Safety Considerations for Energy Exposure

• Power Levels and EIRP

• Physical Safety Systems (Tools, Platform)

Building Propagation Analysis

• Analysis of structural materials and their impact on attenuation and performance…1. Steel Frame Impacts2. Core Space Impacts (Elevator, Stair Shafts)3. Drywall, Wood Frame, Glass Coatings4. Floor to Floor Isolation

Building Propagation Analysis

• Identifying potential dead spot coverage zones– Basement Areas

– Non linear building shapes

– Shielded areas (Medical Special Purpose)

Building Propagation Analysis

Industry RF Tool Sets• iBwave

– Multistory DAS propagation analysis

Industry RF Tool Sets

• Air Magnet– 802.11 Coverage and AP placement analysis

Industry RF Tool Sets

• Motorola Site Planner– Campus or Downtown Outdoor Mesh Propagation

Active Survey Validation

• Use of Powered RF CW Signal Sources

Active Survey Validation

• RF Spectrum Analyzer survey measurements

Active Survey Validation

• Demonstration of Active Spectrum Sampling using the Tektronix RSA 306 Field Spectrum Analyzer

Active Survey Validation

Use of the Impedance Bridge for SRL testing

Active Survey Validation

• Steps to Proper RF Performance Validation1. Benchmark Measurement at Frequency of Interest

using CORRECT Antenna (Gain approximates Actual)2. Proper Documentation Process3. Data Entry 4. Comparison to Predicted Propagation

Case Studies for Design

• Mesh Topology Based Design• Public Safety Mobility Network for Municipality

– Challenges– Coordination– Interfaces– Performance

Case Studies for Design

• Distributed Antenna System Design– Regional Health Care Facility

1. Public Safety2. Carrier Neutral Design3. SM Riser Network4. Challenges due to Facility

Commission Testing

The Commission Testing Process1. Commissioning Statement2. Commissioning Agent3. Commissioning Plan4. Documentation and Forms

Commission Testing

• Structural Return Loss Testing for Coaxial Infrastructure with an Impedance Reflection Bridge

Commission Testing

• RF PIM Validation and Network Feedback Carrier Testing

Commission Testing

The Dynamics of Proper RF Levels

1. RF Level TX/RX balancing2. Node B output gain3. Node A Input Receive Level 4. Wireless Device Receiver Dynamics

DAS Acceptance Test

Testing Procedure for Facility Acceptance

1. Knowledge of Carrier Specific Performance Requirements2. Documentation Process Format (test measurements)3. Acceptance Report Submittal Documents

Carrier AcceptanceSummary of Key Factors for Success

• Submission of Design Documentation• Commissioning Roles and Responsibilities• Test and Acceptance Report• Signoff and Carrier Acceptance• System Activation

Questions

Thank you for participating in the session!Blessings and have a great 2016 conference.

tbennett@bicsi.org615-913-6063