View
214
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Reconstruction: 1865-1877
Rebuilding the South:PhysicallyPoliticallySocially
Planning Reconstruction
Lincoln’s Plan One nation – One
people Amnesty
Loyalty to Union Accept ban on slavery
10% make pledges Form new state govern. Readmitted to Union 10% Plan
Opposition to Lincoln’s Plan
Who plans reconstruction? President Congress
Republican Opposition Concern about slaves Concern about traitors
Wade-Davis Bill Ban slavery in state Majority of males take loyalty oath Swear never supported
Confederacy to vote or hold office Lincoln’s Veto
The 13th Amendment
Republican Agreement Abolish Slavery Emancipation
Proclamation Only freed in non-occupied
states Slavery still existed Constitutionality?
13th Amend. Proposed January 31, 1865 December 18, 1865 Ratified
Abolition Complete?
Positives Legalize marriages Search for relatives New last names
Negatives Lack of farmland Lack of skills Continuing
prejudice Voting rights?
Freedman’s Bureau Established 1865
Relief of all poor in South Black White
Oliver O. Howard Distribute Food Set Labor Contracts Assist War Veterans Promote Education
Howard and Fisk Universities
A New President April 14th, 1865
Plot by John Wilkes Booth
Kill President, Vice-President, Sec. of War
Our American Cousin Lincoln’s Death
April 14, 1865 “Now he belongs to
the ages.” Andrew Johnson
President
Assassination
Oh Captain! My Captain!
O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done, The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up--for you the flag is flung--for you the bugle trills, For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths--for you the shores a-crowding, For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; Here Captain! dear father! This arm beneath your head! It is some dream that on the deck, You've fallen cold and dead. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will, The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done, From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won; Exult O shores, and ring O bells! But I with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. Walt Whitman (1819-1892)
Pres. Johnson’s Reconstruction
Appoint temporary governor Oath of loyalty / Pardon
Elect delegates Convention to write state constitution
Elect state representatives Declare secession illegal Repudiate Confederate Debts Accept 13th Amendment 1865 – All but Texas Congressional reaction
Refuses to accept representatives Refuse to readmit states to Union
The Fight over Reconstruction
Black Codes New state legislatures Pass laws denying Black
rights Work contracts No gun ownership No renting in city
A consistent effort to limit Black freedom
Alexander Stephens and Ex-Rebels in Congress
Radical Republicans No Change in South!
Black Codes Rights/Voting for Blacks
Moderates Don’t use federal force in
South Radicals
Use federal force as necessary to implement changes
Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner Anti-Johnson Growing support in Congress
Johnson versus Congress 1866 Congressional Vote
Freedman’s Bureau - use military courts to try violators of Black rights
Jackson Veto No new laws on South until
represented in Congress Freedman’s Bureau
unconstitutional Civil Rights Act of 1866
Black legal rights Jackson veto
The Fourteenth Amendment
Protect Civil Rights Act Defines U.S. citizens Equal protection under
law Due process of law Bans Confederate officers
from holding office State laws subject to
review by federal courts Congress has power to
pass laws to enforce amendment
Ratifying the 14th Amendment
Congressional election of 1866
Opponents Johnson and Democrats
Proponents Republicans
Factors Riots in South:
Memphis, New Orleans
Congress Takes Charge 1866 Election
Radical Republicans gain 2/3 majority
Can override any veto Moderate & Radical
Republicans unite Reconstruction Acts 1867
Divide South into 5 districts U.S. military commanders Rejoin union
Support 14th Amendment Allow Blacks to vote
Congress Takes Charge Johnson’s Opposes
Reconstruction Acts Congress Reacts
Tenure of Office Act Can’t remove cabinet
members Johnson fires Edward
Stanton, Sec. of War House of Reps Reacts
Impeach Johnson Trial in Senate “Not Guilty” by 1 vote
Election of 1868 and 1872 Candidates - 1868
Horatio Seymour – Dem. Ulysses S. Grant – Rep.
Grant War hero Supports Congressional
Reconstruction plan “Let Us Have Peace”
7 States Readmitted Violence at Southern
Polls Grant victory
The 15th Amendment 1869 Why another amendment?
Protect Reconstruction plans Extend Black voting rights to
Northern states Grants Black males in U.S.
the right to vote Takes effect in 1870 Criticisms
Right to hold office Rights of women
Grant Administ. Flounders Scandals in
Cabinet Panic of 1873
Loss of Jobs Weak Economy
Election of 1874 Democrats take
control of House or Representatives
Opposition to Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan 1866 Oppose Civil Rights Oppose Black Suffrage Threat in 1870s and
Beyond General Amnesty Act
1872 Former Confed
Officers can be elected
Compromise of 1877 Election of 1877
Rutherford B. Hayes – Rep Samuel J. Tilden – Dem
Tilden – Popular Vote SC, FL, LA
Contested voting Awarded to Hayes Senate approves House divided
Compromise Hayes – Electoral votes Withdraw troops from South
End of Reconstruction “Redeeming” the South
End of Republican rule Rise of Democratic party White rule
Jim Crow Laws Segregation Disfranchisement Violence & Intimidation
Lynchings 1889-1899 187 Blacks a year
Recommended