And Reconstruction

1865 through 1877

A time for rebuilding the South and reunifying the country.

Causes of the Civil War

Popular sovereignty and new territories Dred Scott v. Sanford Compromise of 1850 Election of 1860 Slavery Secession

Compare and Contrast

Northern States Economy and its

resources Government and

leaders Military strategies and

generals Casualties

Southern States Economy and its

resources Government and

leaders Military strategies and

generals Casualties

Problems after the war: Unemployment Starvation Illiteracy War torn communities Homelessness Hatred and resentment towards Blacks State governments in the South Punishment: southern whites Economic breakdown in southern (agricultural)

states

What Would I Do?

What laws would I change or add? What would I do with southern plantation

owners? What would I do with former Confederate

soldiers and other leaders? What would I do with former slaves? How could I improve the quality of life in

the South?

A Comparison: Plans for Reconstruction

Presidential Plan: Republican

Only Black soldiers were allowed to vote

Ex-Confederates could vote Planters keep land Keep Blacks from being

citizens Lenient States may re-enter Union

and were pardoned Allowed for states to freely

govern themselves

Radical Reconstruction Plan: Republican

All Blacks would vote Disenfranchisement Planters redistribute land to

Blacks 13th, 14th, 15th amendments Strict States may re-enter Union

only if they wrote new state constitutions giving Blacks equal rights

5 Military Districts

Analyze Amendments

13th, 14th and 15th Amendments, for each… Read about each amendment Summarize its purpose Explain its significance during

Reconstruction List positive and negative (long term or

short term) effects.

Landmark Supreme Court Cases

Dred Scott v. Sanford Plessy v. Ferguson

Reconstruction Collapses

Sharecropping/Tenant Farming Ku Klux Klan Literacy tests and other state laws Southern States went “unchecked” for about

100 years.

1. Black Codes

Laws passed in the Southern states after the Civil War. The laws controlled freedmen and enabled plantation owners to exploit African Americans. (Example: curfews and contract work)

2. Thirteenth Amendment

(1865) Federal law that abolished slavery.

3. Fourteenth Amendment

(1868) Rights of Citizens: this federal law made Blacks citizens….no state can deprive its citizens of life, liberty or property without due process…

4. Fifteenth Amendment

(1870) This federal law prohibits the government from denying a person the right to vote based on race.

5. Military Districts: 1867

Congress enacted this law that divided the southern states into 5 military districts…Each district was assigned a Union general to maintain peace and to protect the rights of Blacks.

6. Freedman’s Bureau

A government program that helped to feed, clothe, and educate Blacks…it also helped to find jobs for them.

7. Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896

In this case the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Plessy…making “separate but equal” state laws legal. It made segregation legal in trains, schools, water fountains, theaters, buses…etc….

8. Ku Klux Klan

A southern secret society organization that terrorized African Americans and anyone else that was sympathetic towards the Blacks.

9. Literacy Tests

Southern state tests designed to keep Blacks from voting….the tests were really really hard!

10. Poll Tax

Southern state laws that required registered voters to pay to vote…kept the poor away from the polls. Texas had a poll tax.

11. Sharecropping

A white plantation owner would provide a Black man and his family with seeds, tools, and a shack to live in. The Blacks would then work the land and grow the crops….then they would sell them and split the earnings….however, Blacks would go in debt with storeowners and could never leave the plantation.