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The Reconstruction Period1865-1877
The Social, Economic, and Political rebuilding of the
country after the American Civil War
Lee’s surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House
marks the end of the Civil War and the start of Reconstruction
Presidential ReconstructionPresident Abraham Lincoln (Rep.) President Andrew Johnson (Dem.)
Moderate Plan for Reconstruction
• The 10 % Plan• Easy re-entry of Southern States, the
southern states had not really left the union
• Proclamation of Amnesty/pardon of most ex-Confederates
• Slow, measured progress, change• Passage of the 13th Amendment• No substantial aid to freedmen
The Assassination of President Lincoln
April, 14th, 1865Ford’s Theatre Washington
D.C.
Peterson Boarding House Wash. D.C.
Pres. Lincoln dies 7:22 a.m. April 15th , 1865
Famous Actor John Wilkes Booth
Conspirators
Sec. of State William Seward Vice President Andrew Johnson
“now he belongs to the ages”Sec. of War Edwin Stanton
Lincoln dies at the age of 56 on April, 15, 1865
Lincoln’s tomb in Springfield, Illinois
Pres. Andrew Johnson vs. Radical Republican Thaddeus Stevens
The Impeachment of Pres. Andrew Johnson
Johnson is acquitted by a single vote in the Senate
Johnson violates the Tenure of Office Act
by firing Sec. of War Edwin Stanton
Congressional Reconstruction
• The southern states had left the union and should be considered conquered territories (Wade-Davis Bill)
• Renewed and expanded Freedmen’s Bureau• Reconstruction Act of 1867• Support for the 14th and 15th Amendments
(in addition to the 13th)• Tenure of Office Act• Force Acts• Civil Rights Acts of 1866 and 1875
Leading Radical RepublicansBenjamin Wade
Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner
Military Reconstruction Acts of 1867
The election of Grant 1868
Southern Backlash:The Invisible Empire of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
Black CodesState laws throughout the South with the goal of
suppressing the freedmen
Sharecropping in the South
The Freedmen’s BureauBureau of Freedmen, Refugees
and Abandoned Lands
The “Civil War Amendments”
• 13th Amendment (1865) Abolition of Slavery
• 14th Amendment (1868) Citizenship for the Freedmen and civil rights
• 15th Amendment (1870) Black Suffrage
CarpetbaggersNortherners who went South
Scalawags:
• Southerners who supported reconstruction policies, seen by fellow Southerners as traitors to the Southern cause. Various motives on the part of Southerners. Some supported reconstruction policies in order for personal advancement while others genuinely agreed with the intention of the policies.
Reelection of Pres. Grant
The Grant Scandals
Credit MobilierWhiskey RingIndian Ring
The results of black suffrage
Sen. Blanche Bruce (Ms.) Sen. Hiram Revels (Ms.)
The disputed Election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep) Samuel Tilden (Dem.)
The Compromise of 1877
The Republicans (Hayes) gain the White House and the Presidency
in exchange for the removal of troops from the South and the end of the military districts
With the removal of troops the South returns in large part to its Antebellum status, characterized by racism, discrimination and segregation. The conservative White Democrats took control of politics and state governments as the Reconstruction Period ends.
Reasons for the end of Reconstruction
• Death of Thaddeus Stevens• Economic concerns. The “Panic of
1873”• Preoccupations with Grant’s scandals• Attentions drawn to the Westward
movement• Reestablishment of Southern
Democrats to political power in their states