2.
- Safety- Determine if the area is safe
- Mechanism of injury- Determine the extent of the illness or
injury and how it happened
- Medical information devices- Examine the casualty for a MEDIC
ALERT (Fig.) necklace, bracelet, or identification card
- Number of casualties- Look beyond the first casualty, you may
find others
- Bystanders- Ask bystanders to help you find out what
happened
- Introduce yourself- Inform the casualty and bystanders who you
are and that you know first aid.
3.
- Is maintenance of the ABCs
Universal Distress Signal 4.
- Abdominal thrusts(Heimlich Maneuver)
- a. Stand behind the casualty.
- b. Place your arms around the
- (Fig.2-2) casualties waist.
- c. With your fist, place the thumb side
- against the middle of the abdomen,
- above the navel and below the tip
- (xiphoid process) of the (sternum)
- d. Grasp your fist with your other
- e. Keeping your elbows out, press
- your fist (Fig. 2-3) into the abdomen
- with a quick upward thrust.
5. 6.
- Place the fingers of your other hand under the (Fig. 2-4) bony
part of the chin
- Place your fingers behind the angle of the jaw or hook your
fingers under the jaw, bring (Fig. 2-5) jaw forward
Fig. 2-4 Fig. 2-5 7.
- Check unresponsiveness- Tap or gently shake the casualty,
shout, "Are you OK?"
- Shout, "Help"- If there is no response from casualty
- Position casualty- Kneel midway between his or her hips and
shoulders facing the casualty
- Open airway(Head-tilt/Chin lift or Jaw thrust)
- Give breaths- Pinch nose, open your mouth, take a deep breath,
and make an air-tight seal around the casualty's mouth
- Check pulse- While maintaining an open airway
- Request medical assistance
8.
- Capillariesare very small blood vessels that carry blood to all
parts of the body
- Veinsare blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
- Arteriesare large blood vessels that carry blood away from the
heart
9.
- Direct pressureis the first and most effective method to
control bleeding
- Raising (elevation)of an injured arm or leg (extremity) above
the level of the heart will help control bleeding
- Indirect PressureIn cases of severe bleeding when direct
pressure and elevation are not controlling the bleeding, indirect
pressure must be used. Bleeding from an artery can be controlled by
applying pressure to the appropriate pressure point
10. 11. 12.
- 1. Anxiety and restlessness.
- 2. Excessive thirst (polydipsia).
- 4. Cool, moist, and pale skin (cold and clammy).
- 5. Rapid breathing (tachypnea).
- 6. Rapid, weak pulse (tachycardia).
- 7. Bruising or discoloration at site of injury
(contusion).
13.
- 1. Bruise (contusion) - Apply ice or cold pack, with cloth to
prevent damage to the skin, to reduce pain and (edema)
swelling.
- 2. Severe internal bleeding:
-
- a. Call local emergency or medical personnel.
-
- b. Monitor airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs).
-
- d. Place casualty in most comfortable position.
-
- e. Maintain normal body temperature.
If you suspect internal bleeding 14. Shock is the failure of the
heart and blood vessels (circulatory system)
- 1. Anxiety, restlessness and fainting.
- 3. Excessive thirst (polydipsia).
- 4. Eyes are vacant, dull (lackluster), large (dilated)
pupils.
- 5. Shallow, rapid (tachypnea), and irregular breathing.
- 6. Pale, cold, moist (clammy) skin.
- 7. Weak, rapid (tachycardia), or absent pulse.