Mechanism of injury- Determine the extent of the illness or
injury and how it happened
Medical information devices- Examine the casualty for a MEDIC
ALERT (Fig.) necklace, bracelet, or identification card
Number of casualties- Look beyond the first casualty, you may
find others
Bystanders- Ask bystanders to help you find out what
happened
Introduce yourself- Inform the casualty and bystanders who you
are and that you know first aid.
3.
Is maintenance of the ABCs
Openairway
Restorebreathing
Restorecirculation
Universal Distress Signal 4.
Abdominal thrusts(Heimlich Maneuver)
a. Stand behind the casualty.
b. Place your arms around the
(Fig.2-2) casualties waist.
c. With your fist, place the thumb side
against the middle of the abdomen,
above the navel and below the tip
(xiphoid process) of the (sternum)
breastbone.
d. Grasp your fist with your other
hand.
e. Keeping your elbows out, press
your fist (Fig. 2-3) into the abdomen
with a quick upward thrust.
5. 6.
Place the fingers of your other hand under the (Fig. 2-4) bony
part of the chin
Place your fingers behind the angle of the jaw or hook your
fingers under the jaw, bring (Fig. 2-5) jaw forward
Fig. 2-4 Fig. 2-5 7.
Check unresponsiveness- Tap or gently shake the casualty,
shout, "Are you OK?"
Shout, "Help"- If there is no response from casualty
Position casualty- Kneel midway between his or her hips and
shoulders facing the casualty
Open airway(Head-tilt/Chin lift or Jaw thrust)
Give breaths- Pinch nose, open your mouth, take a deep breath,
and make an air-tight seal around the casualty's mouth
Check pulse- While maintaining an open airway
Request medical assistance
8.
Capillariesare very small blood vessels that carry blood to all
parts of the body
Veinsare blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
Arteriesare large blood vessels that carry blood away from the
heart
9.
Direct pressureis the first and most effective method to
control bleeding
Raising (elevation)of an injured arm or leg (extremity) above
the level of the heart will help control bleeding
Indirect PressureIn cases of severe bleeding when direct
pressure and elevation are not controlling the bleeding, indirect
pressure must be used. Bleeding from an artery can be controlled by
applying pressure to the appropriate pressure point
10. 11. 12.
1. Anxiety and restlessness.
2. Excessive thirst (polydipsia).
3. Nausea and vomiting.
4. Cool, moist, and pale skin (cold and clammy).
5. Rapid breathing (tachypnea).
6. Rapid, weak pulse (tachycardia).
7. Bruising or discoloration at site of injury
(contusion).
13.
1. Bruise (contusion) - Apply ice or cold pack, with cloth to
prevent damage to the skin, to reduce pain and (edema)
swelling.
2. Severe internal bleeding:
a. Call local emergency or medical personnel.
b. Monitor airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs).
c. Treat for shock.
d. Place casualty in most comfortable position.
e. Maintain normal body temperature.
f. Reassure casualty
If you suspect internal bleeding 14. Shock is the failure of the
heart and blood vessels (circulatory system)
1. Anxiety, restlessness and fainting.
2. Nausea and vomiting.
3. Excessive thirst (polydipsia).
4. Eyes are vacant, dull (lackluster), large (dilated)
pupils.
5. Shallow, rapid (tachypnea), and irregular breathing.