Patologia Pneumococcica dell’adulto : nuovi vaccini e nuovi modelli di vaccinazione Un saluto

Patologia Pneumococcica dell’adulto: nuovi vaccini e nuovi modelli di

vaccinazione

Un saluto

Da Antonio Pesenti

Scuola di MedicinaUniversità degli Studi Milano Bicocca

The global mortality rate from the 1918/1919 pandemic is not known, but an estimated 10% to 20% of those who were infected died. With about a third of the world population infected, this case-fatality ratio means 3% to 6% of the entire global population died.[Influenza may have killed as many as 25 million people in its first 25 weeks. estimates say it killed 50–100 million people worldwide were killed. A common deadly complication was bacterial pneumonia

Angus, DC, et al: Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 2001; 29(7):1303-1310.

SEPSIS

In the United States, approximately 750,000 cases of severe sepsis occur each year

29% mortality rate with 215,000 deaths annually 10th leading cause of death in United States in

2000 Estimated $16.7 billion national health care

costs each year

Ranieri VM NEJM 2012

Ranieri VM NEJM 2012

Ranieri VM NEJM 2012

Angus DC Crit Care Med 2004; 32:2199

SEPSI Uno sguardo al passato

• HMS Victory , Capitan Uncino e la battaglia di Trafalgar

• Il 13° reggimento di cavalleria leggera e la battaglia di Waterloo

• HMS Victory, flagship Royal navy

William Beatty, the surgeon of HMS Victory, listed the 102 on board who

were wounded at the Battle of Trafalgar, six of whom subsequently died.

Injuries suffered were mainly fractures or splinter wounds.

There were 10 amputations, the majority involving the leg, as well as instances of death through gangrene and tetanus.

Alex[ander] PalmerMidnShot through the thigh by a Musket Ball, Bone and large Vessels untouched 28 October Died of Tetanus, Cold affusion and [?] digitalis[?] with large doses of Opium, were tried in this case

13th Light Dragoons at Waterloo

Three of those reported wounded subsequently died of their wounds.

  Offrs Sergeant-Majors

Sergnts Corporals Trumpters Priv

KIA 3 -- -- -- -- 12Wound 8 3 6 2 2 52Miss -- -- -- -- -- 8  ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___Total 11 3 6 2 2 75

13th Light Dragoons Casualties report Battle of WaterlooSurgeon Logan, Veterinary-Surgeon Constant

Horses killed, 15; wounded, 46; missing, 52; total, 113.Grand Total: 96 men and 113. horses.

Ignaz Semmelweiss 1818- 1865

Martin e Al. NEJM 2003; 348; 16:1546