Cell Energy

Cell Energy

ATP, Photosynthesis, and Respiration

The Energy Molecule- ATP Energy in the body is used to

maintain homeostasis Homeostasis- maintaining a

constant internal environment even though external conditions change

The Energy Molecule- ATP ATP is the molecule in the body

that stores energy in the bonds between phosphate groups. When a bond between the phosphate groups is broken, energy is released.

The Energy Molecule- ATP Parts of an ATP molecule

ATP contains one base, one sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

Sugar- ribose

Base-adenine

P P P

The Energy Molecule-ATP ADP- Adenosine Diphosphate- 2

phosphate groups

AMP – Adenosine Monophosphate – 1 phosphate group

Sugar- ribose

Base-adenine

P P

Sugar- ribose

Base-adenine

P

The Energy Molecule-ATPADP ATP

Energy

EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Partiallychargedbattery

Fullychargedbattery

ATP-ADP Cycle

Photosynthesis Producers like plants, algae and

some bacteria Plants trap energy from the sun,

and build glucose molecules Light energy is converted to

chemical energy. Occurs in the chloroplasts

Photosynthesis Overall reaction for photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Energy, light,

& chlorophyll

Overview of Photosynthesis

Sugars + O2CO2 + H2O

Light Light EnergyEnergy

ChloroplastChloroplast

Photo synthesis

PhotosynthesisLight-Dependent Reaction

H2O

sunlight

CO2 Glucose

O2

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Process of breaking down

food (glucose) molecules

to produce energy (ATP)

Occurs in the mitochondria

Cellular Respiration Types of respiration

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen

Anaerobic respiration uses no oxygen

Cellular Respiration Overall Reaction for Aerobic Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP

NOTE: Photosynthesis is the opposite

reaction of respiration. The reactants of one are the products of the other.

Anaerobic Respiration Two types

Alcoholic Fermentation by bacteria Produces ethyl alcohol and CO2 Only 2 ATP are produced

Lactic Acid Fermentation By animals Produces lactic acid and CO2

Only 2 ATP are produced Causes muscle soreness

Cellular Respiration

Comparison of Photosynthesis and Respiration

Characteristics Photosynthesis Aerobic Respiration

Reactants/requirements

CO2, H20, light,

chlorophyll, enzymes

Glucose, O2

Products Glucose, O2CO2, H20, 36 ATP

Location chloroplasts mitochondria

Use of energy storage release

Use of food molecules Food made Food broken down

Photosynthesis and respiration