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Energy For The Cell . ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration . Energy . Ability to do work (chasing prey, finding shelter and mate). ATP=ENERGY . A denosine t ri p hosphate Energy storage molecule 1 cell uses 1 billion ATP per minute Made of 3 phosphates ribose (sugar) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Energy For The Cell
ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration
ATP=ENERGY • Adenosine triphosphate• Energy storage molecule• 1 cell uses 1 billion ATP per minute• Made of
– 3 phosphates– ribose (sugar)– adenine (nucleotide
How Energy is Released From ATP
• When energy is needed– ATP ADP – Breaks a chemical bond
• After energy is used, ADPADP– Picks up a free loading phosphate
• ATP/ADP CYCLE
Living Things• Autotrophs = producers
– Plants and some bacteria– Make their own food (glucose)– Photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Living Things • Heterotrophs = consumers
– Organisms that have to eat or obtain food for energy
– Herbivores – eat plants– Carnivores – eat other animals– Omnivores – eat both– Detritivores – eat dead matter
Photosynthesis • Using light, CO2, and H2O to make
food (glucose)• Sugar and oxygen are released• Organisms with pigments for
capturing the energy from light– Chlorophyll (green)
Where Does It Take Place?• Photosynthesis takes place in the
chloroplast (collects light energy)– Many in each cell of the leaves– Thylakoids – disk or pancake shape
• Grana – stacks of thylakoids– Stroma – gel –like fluid around
thylakoids
2 Reactions of Photosynthesis
1. Light Reaction (Light dependent)– Occurs in the thylakoid– Light is absorbed– H2O is split– Oxygen is released– Electrons move through the Electron
Transport Chain (ETC)– NADPH and ATP made
2. Dark Reaction (Light Independent)– Calvin Cycle– Occurs in stroma– NADPH and ATP (released in light
reaction) used to “fix” CO2 into
glucose
Cellular Respiration • Breaking down food molecules to
release energy (MAKES ATP)• Glycolysis is the first process in
breaking down glucose – Takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell– Changes glucose into 2 pyruvate– 2 ATP used, 4 ATP made (net of 2ATP)
Two Types of Cellular Respiration (after glycolysis)1. Aerobic Respiration
– Takes place in the MITOCHONDRIA– Occurs when Oxygen is present– Pyruvate from glycolysis is broken
down into CO2 and Water– Has 2 parts Kreb’s cycle and ETC– Makes 36 ATP from 1 glucose
molecule
2. Anaerobic Respiration– Break down of pyruvate without
OXYGEN– Occurs in cytoplasm– Does not produce many ATP– Two kinds
• Lactic Acid Fermentation• Alcohol Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation • How we make beer, wine and
some breads• Starts with pyruvate
• End Products:2 - ATP2 - CO2
2 - Ethanol’s
Lactic Acid Fermentation • Makes our muscles sore if we work
out too much• Starts with pyruvate• End Products:
– 2 – ATP– 2 - Lactic Acids
Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O
ATP released
Final Accounting • The breakdown of glucose nets a
TON of energy for the cell.• We can harvest a total of 36 ATP per
molecule of glucose.
• Remember that extremely active cells need tons of energy from the mitochondria.