Ancient Greece was located on a peninsula with this sea to the EAST and this sea to the SOUTH:...

Ancient Greece was located Ancient Greece was located on a peninsula with this sea on a peninsula with this sea to the EAST and this sea to to the EAST and this sea to

the SOUTH:the SOUTH:

AEGEAN (EAST)AEGEAN (EAST)

MEDITERRANEAN MEDITERRANEAN (SOUTH)(SOUTH)

Location of Greece:Location of Greece:

Balkan Peninsula Balkan Peninsula EuropeEurope

Asia Minor Asia Minor

(Ionia was a city-(Ionia was a city-state established state established during the Dark during the Dark

Ages)Ages)

Major trade routes to spread Major trade routes to spread Hellenic (GREEK) cultureHellenic (GREEK) culture

Black SeaBlack Sea

Dardanelles StraitDardanelles Strait

Location of: Location of: 1.Athens1.Athens2. Sparta2. Sparta3. Troy3. Troy

1.1. Attica PeninsulaAttica Peninsula

2.2. Peloponnesian Peloponnesian PeninsulaPeninsula

3.3. Ionia/Asia Ionia/Asia Minor/Anatolia Minor/Anatolia PeninsulaPeninsula

What topographical feature What topographical feature led to the isolated led to the isolated

development of city states development of city states instead of a unified empire?instead of a unified empire?

MOUNTAINSMOUNTAINS

Although the climate was Although the climate was mild and some soils were mild and some soils were good for grape, olive and good for grape, olive and

wheat farming, Greeks had wheat farming, Greeks had to:to:

Trade for Trade for items they items they could not could not produce and produce and

COLONIZECOLONIZE

The good harbors and The good harbors and merchant trade emphasis merchant trade emphasis resulted in this for Ancient resulted in this for Ancient

Greece:Greece:

1. Cultural 1. Cultural diffusion diffusion

2. Technological 2. Technological advancesadvances

With such a mild climate, With such a mild climate, Greeks congregated in the Greeks congregated in the

AGORA and:AGORA and:

Engaged in Engaged in civic and civic and

commercial commercial activities.activities.

Ancient Greek religion was Ancient Greek religion was POLYTHEISTIC.POLYTHEISTIC.True or False?True or False?

TRUE!!TRUE!!

What are the goals of What are the goals of Ancient Greek Religion?Ancient Greek Religion?

1.To explain the mysteries 1.To explain the mysteries of nature.of nature.

2. To explain life after 2. To explain life after deathdeath

4. To justify the 4. To justify the unpredictability of human unpredictability of human emotionemotion

King of the Greek Gods King of the Greek Gods (and father of some (and father of some

humans like Hercules)humans like Hercules)

ZEUSZEUS

Patron goddess of Athens:Patron goddess of Athens:

ATHENAATHENA

Greek goddess of love and Greek goddess of love and beauty:beauty:

APHRODITEAPHRODITE

Sister and wife of ZEUS, Sister and wife of ZEUS, protector of women and protector of women and

marriage:marriage:

HERAHERA

Greek god of the sunGreek god of the sun

APOLLOAPOLLO

Greek goddess of light Greek goddess of light and huntingand hunting

ARTEMISARTEMIS

Order of Athenian Order of Athenian GovernmentGovernment

1.1. MMonarchyonarchy

2.2. AAristocracy (oligarchy)ristocracy (oligarchy)

3.3. TTyrannyyranny

4.4. DDemocracyemocracy

MATDMATD

Rule by one person who Rule by one person who maymay inherit power by family inherit power by family succession is known as:succession is known as:

MONARCHYMONARCHY

OLIGARCHY or OLIGARCHY or Aristocracy involves rule Aristocracy involves rule

by:by:

A small A small group of group of nobles.nobles.

Rule by one person who Rule by one person who seizes power by force is seizes power by force is

known as:known as:

A A TYRANNYTYRANNY

Rule by a popular assembly Rule by a popular assembly in which the citizens may in which the citizens may

vote is known as :vote is known as :

DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY

Type of government in Type of government in SpartaSparta

OLIGARCHYOLIGARCHY

(rule by a (rule by a few nobles)few nobles)

City-state with rigid social City-state with rigid social structure and militaristic structure and militaristic

societysociety

SPARTASPARTA

Known for his epic poetry:Known for his epic poetry:

HOMERHOMER

In order to ease In order to ease overcrowding on the overcrowding on the

mainland of Greece and gain mainland of Greece and gain access to additional grain, access to additional grain,

the Greeks established:the Greeks established:

COLONIESCOLONIES

The Greek merchants The Greek merchants changed the barter changed the barter

economy of the economy of the Mediterranean to a:Mediterranean to a:

MONEY MONEY ECONOMY ECONOMY

(b/c all (b/c all civilizations civilizations value the value the

precious metal precious metal in money)in money)

The three social groups in The three social groups in the city-state were:the city-state were:

1. Citizens1. Citizens

2. Free people with no 2. Free people with no political rights (women & political rights (women & foreigners)foreigners)

3. Slaves3. Slaves

T or F: Civic decisions were T or F: Civic decisions were made in open debate and made in open debate and

men were expected to men were expected to participate in public lifeparticipate in public life

TRUE!TRUE!

The Athenian archon The Athenian archon (tyrant) who was known (tyrant) who was known for his written laws and for his written laws and

harsh (Draconian) harsh (Draconian) punishments:punishments:

DRACODRACO

Athenian archon (tyrant) Athenian archon (tyrant) who improved the legal who improved the legal system and expanded system and expanded

participation in the Assemblyparticipation in the Assembly

SOLONSOLON

The wars against this The wars against this empire united the Greeks empire united the Greeks against a common enemy:against a common enemy:

PERSIAPERSIA

Results of the Persian WarResults of the Persian War

Golden Golden Age in Age in AthensAthens

The Greeks triumphed at The Greeks triumphed at Marathon and Salamis Marathon and Salamis

giving them control over giving them control over this sea:this sea:

THE AEGEAN THE AEGEAN SEASEA

This Athenian ruler during Athens’ “Golden Age”

established a democracy in which all adult male citizens

had an equal voice in government

PERICLESPERICLES

What is the name of the What is the name of the building built by this ruler in building built by this ruler in Athens after the destruction Athens after the destruction

of the Persian Wars?of the Persian Wars?

THE THE PARTHENONPARTHENON

Under Athenian leadership, Under Athenian leadership, this was an alliance of Greek this was an alliance of Greek

city states for mutual city states for mutual defense:defense:

THE DELIAN LEAGUETHE DELIAN LEAGUE

Two causes of the Two causes of the Peloponnesian War Peloponnesian War

included:included: Athenian dominance Athenian dominance

of the Delian League of the Delian League became excessivebecame excessive

Sparta desired to Sparta desired to overthrow Athens’ overthrow Athens’ control of the leaguecontrol of the league

3 effects of the 3 effects of the Peloponnesian War:Peloponnesian War:

1. Greece was no longer united 1. Greece was no longer united 2. Greece was vulnerable to 2. Greece was vulnerable to invasion by the Macedoniansinvasion by the Macedonians

3. Cultural development was 3. Cultural development was stopped stopped

Great Greek philosopher who Great Greek philosopher who introduced a new method of introduced a new method of teaching by questioning and teaching by questioning and died from hemlock (poison):died from hemlock (poison):

SOCRATESSOCRATES

Author of the “Republic,” a Author of the “Republic,” a work describing this work describing this

philosopher’s idea of rule by philosopher’s idea of rule by wise and ethical Philosopher wise and ethical Philosopher

KingsKings

PLATOPLATO

An accomplished scientist as An accomplished scientist as well as a great philosopher, this well as a great philosopher, this man favored a government in man favored a government in

which there was a separation of which there was a separation of powers:powers:

ARISTOTLEARISTOTLE

““Father of History,” this Father of History,” this great Greek historian and great Greek historian and

traveler was known for traveler was known for exaggerating events:exaggerating events:

HERODOTUSHERODOTUS

Greek historian who was Greek historian who was accurate & impartial and accurate & impartial and

only accepted eye-witness only accepted eye-witness accountsaccounts

THUCYDIDESTHUCYDIDES

Greek sculptor who created Greek sculptor who created the enormous statues of the enormous statues of

Athena for the Parthenon and Athena for the Parthenon and the statue of Zeus for the statue of Zeus for

Olympia:Olympia:

PHIDIASPHIDIAS

The 3 types of Greek columns are:The 3 types of Greek columns are:

1. 1. DDORICORIC

2. 2. IIONIC (Ionian)ONIC (Ionian)

3. 3. CCORINTHIANORINTHIAN

Known for his rational scientific Known for his rational scientific and ethical approach, this man and ethical approach, this man

is considered the founder of is considered the founder of modern medicine:modern medicine:

HIPPOCRATESHIPPOCRATES

The most famous Greek The most famous Greek scientist who mastered the scientist who mastered the use of the lever and pulley:use of the lever and pulley:

ARCHIMEDESARCHIMEDES

Euclid developed a Euclid developed a mathematical theory that is mathematical theory that is

today known as:today known as:

GEOMETRYGEOMETRY

The great mathematician who The great mathematician who developed the theorem known to developed the theorem known to all geometry students as the way all geometry students as the way to find the relationship between to find the relationship between

the sides of a right trianglethe sides of a right triangle::

PYTHAGORUSPYTHAGORUS

Type of drama written by Type of drama written by Aeschylus and SophaclesAeschylus and Sophacles

TRAGEDYTRAGEDY

Macedonia is located Macedonia is located __________ of Greece.__________ of Greece.

NORTHNORTH

The Macedonian who The Macedonian who conquered most of Greece conquered most of Greece

and his son:and his son:

Philip II Philip II and and

AlexanderAlexander

Alexander’s empire and Alexander’s empire and the influence of Greek the influence of Greek

culture extended as far as culture extended as far as this river valley in the East this river valley in the East

THE THE INDUS INDUS RIVER RIVER

VALLEYVALLEY

The primary language The primary language spoken in Alexander’s spoken in Alexander’s

Empire:Empire:

GREEKGREEK

T or F: The people of T or F: The people of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Egypt, Mesopotamia and

India were not India were not influenced by Greek influenced by Greek

culture and art.culture and art.

FALSE!!FALSE!!

Greek culture combined Greek culture combined with Persian (oriental/Near with Persian (oriental/Near

East) cultureEast) culture

HellenisticHellenistic