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Ancient Greece was located Ancient Greece was located on a peninsula with this sea on a peninsula with this sea to the EAST and this sea to to the EAST and this sea to
the SOUTH:the SOUTH:
AEGEAN (EAST)AEGEAN (EAST)
MEDITERRANEAN MEDITERRANEAN (SOUTH)(SOUTH)
Location of Greece:Location of Greece:
Balkan Peninsula Balkan Peninsula EuropeEurope
Asia Minor Asia Minor
(Ionia was a city-(Ionia was a city-state established state established during the Dark during the Dark
Ages)Ages)
Major trade routes to spread Major trade routes to spread Hellenic (GREEK) cultureHellenic (GREEK) culture
Black SeaBlack Sea
Dardanelles StraitDardanelles Strait
Location of: Location of: 1.Athens1.Athens2. Sparta2. Sparta3. Troy3. Troy
1.1. Attica PeninsulaAttica Peninsula
2.2. Peloponnesian Peloponnesian PeninsulaPeninsula
3.3. Ionia/Asia Ionia/Asia Minor/Anatolia Minor/Anatolia PeninsulaPeninsula
What topographical feature What topographical feature led to the isolated led to the isolated
development of city states development of city states instead of a unified empire?instead of a unified empire?
MOUNTAINSMOUNTAINS
Although the climate was Although the climate was mild and some soils were mild and some soils were good for grape, olive and good for grape, olive and
wheat farming, Greeks had wheat farming, Greeks had to:to:
Trade for Trade for items they items they could not could not produce and produce and
COLONIZECOLONIZE
The good harbors and The good harbors and merchant trade emphasis merchant trade emphasis resulted in this for Ancient resulted in this for Ancient
Greece:Greece:
1. Cultural 1. Cultural diffusion diffusion
2. Technological 2. Technological advancesadvances
With such a mild climate, With such a mild climate, Greeks congregated in the Greeks congregated in the
AGORA and:AGORA and:
Engaged in Engaged in civic and civic and
commercial commercial activities.activities.
Ancient Greek religion was Ancient Greek religion was POLYTHEISTIC.POLYTHEISTIC.True or False?True or False?
TRUE!!TRUE!!
What are the goals of What are the goals of Ancient Greek Religion?Ancient Greek Religion?
1.To explain the mysteries 1.To explain the mysteries of nature.of nature.
2. To explain life after 2. To explain life after deathdeath
4. To justify the 4. To justify the unpredictability of human unpredictability of human emotionemotion
King of the Greek Gods King of the Greek Gods (and father of some (and father of some
humans like Hercules)humans like Hercules)
ZEUSZEUS
Patron goddess of Athens:Patron goddess of Athens:
ATHENAATHENA
Greek goddess of love and Greek goddess of love and beauty:beauty:
APHRODITEAPHRODITE
Sister and wife of ZEUS, Sister and wife of ZEUS, protector of women and protector of women and
marriage:marriage:
HERAHERA
Greek god of the sunGreek god of the sun
APOLLOAPOLLO
Greek goddess of light Greek goddess of light and huntingand hunting
ARTEMISARTEMIS
Order of Athenian Order of Athenian GovernmentGovernment
1.1. MMonarchyonarchy
2.2. AAristocracy (oligarchy)ristocracy (oligarchy)
3.3. TTyrannyyranny
4.4. DDemocracyemocracy
MATDMATD
Rule by one person who Rule by one person who maymay inherit power by family inherit power by family succession is known as:succession is known as:
MONARCHYMONARCHY
OLIGARCHY or OLIGARCHY or Aristocracy involves rule Aristocracy involves rule
by:by:
A small A small group of group of nobles.nobles.
Rule by one person who Rule by one person who seizes power by force is seizes power by force is
known as:known as:
A A TYRANNYTYRANNY
Rule by a popular assembly Rule by a popular assembly in which the citizens may in which the citizens may
vote is known as :vote is known as :
DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY
Type of government in Type of government in SpartaSparta
OLIGARCHYOLIGARCHY
(rule by a (rule by a few nobles)few nobles)
City-state with rigid social City-state with rigid social structure and militaristic structure and militaristic
societysociety
SPARTASPARTA
Known for his epic poetry:Known for his epic poetry:
HOMERHOMER
In order to ease In order to ease overcrowding on the overcrowding on the
mainland of Greece and gain mainland of Greece and gain access to additional grain, access to additional grain,
the Greeks established:the Greeks established:
COLONIESCOLONIES
The Greek merchants The Greek merchants changed the barter changed the barter
economy of the economy of the Mediterranean to a:Mediterranean to a:
MONEY MONEY ECONOMY ECONOMY
(b/c all (b/c all civilizations civilizations value the value the
precious metal precious metal in money)in money)
The three social groups in The three social groups in the city-state were:the city-state were:
1. Citizens1. Citizens
2. Free people with no 2. Free people with no political rights (women & political rights (women & foreigners)foreigners)
3. Slaves3. Slaves
T or F: Civic decisions were T or F: Civic decisions were made in open debate and made in open debate and
men were expected to men were expected to participate in public lifeparticipate in public life
TRUE!TRUE!
The Athenian archon The Athenian archon (tyrant) who was known (tyrant) who was known for his written laws and for his written laws and
harsh (Draconian) harsh (Draconian) punishments:punishments:
DRACODRACO
Athenian archon (tyrant) Athenian archon (tyrant) who improved the legal who improved the legal system and expanded system and expanded
participation in the Assemblyparticipation in the Assembly
SOLONSOLON
The wars against this The wars against this empire united the Greeks empire united the Greeks against a common enemy:against a common enemy:
PERSIAPERSIA
Results of the Persian WarResults of the Persian War
Golden Golden Age in Age in AthensAthens
The Greeks triumphed at The Greeks triumphed at Marathon and Salamis Marathon and Salamis
giving them control over giving them control over this sea:this sea:
THE AEGEAN THE AEGEAN SEASEA
This Athenian ruler during Athens’ “Golden Age”
established a democracy in which all adult male citizens
had an equal voice in government
PERICLESPERICLES
What is the name of the What is the name of the building built by this ruler in building built by this ruler in Athens after the destruction Athens after the destruction
of the Persian Wars?of the Persian Wars?
THE THE PARTHENONPARTHENON
Under Athenian leadership, Under Athenian leadership, this was an alliance of Greek this was an alliance of Greek
city states for mutual city states for mutual defense:defense:
THE DELIAN LEAGUETHE DELIAN LEAGUE
Two causes of the Two causes of the Peloponnesian War Peloponnesian War
included:included: Athenian dominance Athenian dominance
of the Delian League of the Delian League became excessivebecame excessive
Sparta desired to Sparta desired to overthrow Athens’ overthrow Athens’ control of the leaguecontrol of the league
3 effects of the 3 effects of the Peloponnesian War:Peloponnesian War:
1. Greece was no longer united 1. Greece was no longer united 2. Greece was vulnerable to 2. Greece was vulnerable to invasion by the Macedoniansinvasion by the Macedonians
3. Cultural development was 3. Cultural development was stopped stopped
Great Greek philosopher who Great Greek philosopher who introduced a new method of introduced a new method of teaching by questioning and teaching by questioning and died from hemlock (poison):died from hemlock (poison):
SOCRATESSOCRATES
Author of the “Republic,” a Author of the “Republic,” a work describing this work describing this
philosopher’s idea of rule by philosopher’s idea of rule by wise and ethical Philosopher wise and ethical Philosopher
KingsKings
PLATOPLATO
An accomplished scientist as An accomplished scientist as well as a great philosopher, this well as a great philosopher, this man favored a government in man favored a government in
which there was a separation of which there was a separation of powers:powers:
ARISTOTLEARISTOTLE
““Father of History,” this Father of History,” this great Greek historian and great Greek historian and
traveler was known for traveler was known for exaggerating events:exaggerating events:
HERODOTUSHERODOTUS
Greek historian who was Greek historian who was accurate & impartial and accurate & impartial and
only accepted eye-witness only accepted eye-witness accountsaccounts
THUCYDIDESTHUCYDIDES
Greek sculptor who created Greek sculptor who created the enormous statues of the enormous statues of
Athena for the Parthenon and Athena for the Parthenon and the statue of Zeus for the statue of Zeus for
Olympia:Olympia:
PHIDIASPHIDIAS
The 3 types of Greek columns are:The 3 types of Greek columns are:
1. 1. DDORICORIC
2. 2. IIONIC (Ionian)ONIC (Ionian)
3. 3. CCORINTHIANORINTHIAN
Known for his rational scientific Known for his rational scientific and ethical approach, this man and ethical approach, this man
is considered the founder of is considered the founder of modern medicine:modern medicine:
HIPPOCRATESHIPPOCRATES
The most famous Greek The most famous Greek scientist who mastered the scientist who mastered the use of the lever and pulley:use of the lever and pulley:
ARCHIMEDESARCHIMEDES
Euclid developed a Euclid developed a mathematical theory that is mathematical theory that is
today known as:today known as:
GEOMETRYGEOMETRY
The great mathematician who The great mathematician who developed the theorem known to developed the theorem known to all geometry students as the way all geometry students as the way to find the relationship between to find the relationship between
the sides of a right trianglethe sides of a right triangle::
PYTHAGORUSPYTHAGORUS
Type of drama written by Type of drama written by Aeschylus and SophaclesAeschylus and Sophacles
TRAGEDYTRAGEDY
Macedonia is located Macedonia is located __________ of Greece.__________ of Greece.
NORTHNORTH
The Macedonian who The Macedonian who conquered most of Greece conquered most of Greece
and his son:and his son:
Philip II Philip II and and
AlexanderAlexander
Alexander’s empire and Alexander’s empire and the influence of Greek the influence of Greek
culture extended as far as culture extended as far as this river valley in the East this river valley in the East
THE THE INDUS INDUS RIVER RIVER
VALLEYVALLEY
The primary language The primary language spoken in Alexander’s spoken in Alexander’s
Empire:Empire:
GREEKGREEK
T or F: The people of T or F: The people of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Egypt, Mesopotamia and
India were not India were not influenced by Greek influenced by Greek
culture and art.culture and art.
FALSE!!FALSE!!
Greek culture combined Greek culture combined with Persian (oriental/Near with Persian (oriental/Near
East) cultureEast) culture
HellenisticHellenistic