Ammonia Solar Heat Engine

Expansion Engineuses ammonia pressure to

force and compress air

AqueousAmmonia

pumpincreasespressure

Ammoniais

injected/absorbedin water

Solar Heat Pump Electrical Generation System

Ammonia Absorption(Day Time Cycle)

AnhydrousAmmoniaStorage

Heat Storage

Design by Robert J. Rohatensky April 2007

Thermal Solar Collectors

High Pressure Cold Water

monia vapor under partial vacuum

Aspira

High Pressure Hot Water

Steam Turbine Condenser

Ammonia Condenser

Preheater

High PressureHot Ammonia Vapor

Ammoniacondenses

athigh

pressure/temperatureand

generates steam.

AmmoniaVaporand

Waterare

separated

Steam Turbine

Generator

WindTurbine

Generator

Water O

The target location in this example is Western Canada.

For the summer daytime cycle, assume that the ambient air temperature is 20°C and the shallow earth is 3°C.

The solar collectors would be concentrated solar trough or similar system capable of temperatures >400°C.

Anhydrous Ammonia (NH3) is stored as a liquid under pressure at ambient temperature.

(400psi/2700kPa)

The NH3 pressure is used to drive an expansion engine attached to a fan. There is a pressure drop in the engine as the NH3expands.

(~150psi/1300kPa)

The fan forces air through the heat exchanger increasing it’s pressure and temperature. The air is compressed to (20psi/150kPa) and the temperature rises to 35°C.

The NH3 is then completely expanded to a low pressure in a heat exchanger (evaporator) and it boils at -33°C.

The heat from the air (at the increased temperature) is transferred into the evaporating ammonia.

The water vapor in the air condenses as it is cooled and is captured.

The NH3 vapor is at a low pressure and contains the heat from the ambient air.

(<14psi/100kPa) 30°C

It is then absorbed into cool water. The absorption is exothermic and the resulting aqueous ammonia liquid contains the heat from the ambient air.

Ammoniais

A pump pressurizes the aqueous ammonia liquid to 400psi(2700kPa)

AqueousAmmonia

Ammoniais

This is a liquid and not compressible and the required power to increase the pressure is relatively low.

AqueousAmmonia

Ammoniais

This pump is very similar in action to the feed water pump in a Rankine cycle.

AqueousAmmonia

Ammoniais

The pressurized aqueous ammonia solution is then heated with concentrated solar heat.

400psi(2700kPa)400°C

A thermal oil and secondary heat exchanger would be used and is removed for simplification.

AqueousAmmonia

Ammoniais

The ammonia boils out of the aqueous ammonia solution well below the boiling point of water.

This is fractional distillation.

400psi(2700kPa)400°C

AqueousAmmonia

Ammoniais

AmmoniaVaporand

Waterare

separated

The ammonia vapor is condensed in a heat exchanger and the heat is transfered.

400psi(2700kPa)20°C

AqueousAmmonia

Ammoniais

Ammonia CondenserHigh PressureHot Ammonia Vapor

AmmoniaVaporand

Waterare

separated

The condensed and cooled ammonia liquid is returned to pressurized storage.

400psi(2700kPa)20°C Anhydrous

AmmoniaStorage

Ammonia CondenserHigh PressureHot Ammonia Vapor

AmmoniaVaporand

Waterare

separated

The water is cooled in a heat exchanger and the pressurized cold water travels though an aspirator creating a vacuum which draws the ammonia vapor.

The pressure drops to 200psi through the aspirator, this pressure drop is maintained by the aqueous ammonia pump intake.

AqueousAmmonia

Ammoniais

Aspira

High Pressure Hot Water Preheater

AmmoniaVaporand

Waterare

separated

The heat from the hot water and the ammonia condensation is used to drive a steam turbine which produces electricity.

Ammonia Condenser

Preheater

AmmoniaVaporand

Waterare

separated

Steam Turbine Generator

Cold water cools the steam turbine and the heat is transferred to underground thermal storage.

Heat Storage

Ammonia Condenser

Preheater

AmmoniaVaporand

Waterare

separated

Steam Turbine Generator

The air pressure drops as it exits the heat exchanger and the much colder and dryer air is denser than ambient and negative buoyancy forces it down the convection tower.

Generator

WindTurbine

A wind turbine generates electricity.

AqueousAmmonia

Ammoniais

Heat Storage

Aspira

Ammonia Condenser

Preheater

Ammoniacondenses

athigh

pressure/temperatureand

generates steam.

AmmoniaVaporand

Waterare

separated

Steam Turbine

Generator

WindTurbine

Generator

Water O

utputSolar Heat Pump Electrical

Generation System Ammonia Absorption

(Day Time Cycle)

Ammonia Solar Heat Engine

Documents

Ammonia - Heat & Mat. Balance

ammonia-borane complex for hydrogen storage - Florida Solar

Heat and Power Optimization in Ammonia Plantfolk.ntnu.no/skoge/prost/proceedings/aiche-2006/data/...Heat and Power Optimization in Ammonia Plant M. H., Panjeshahi, E., Ghasemian Langeroudi

10 Design and Construction of a Small Ammonia Heat · PDF fileDesign and Construction of a Small Ammonia ... through compact design and using minichannel heat exchanger ... 10_Design

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Solar Heat Worldwide - IEA SHC · Solar Heat Worldwide ... INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY. SOLAR HEATING & COOLING PROGRAMME INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Solar Heat Worldwide Markets

COMBINED HEAT RECOVERY AND AMMONIA CONTROL SYSTEM … · The overall objective of the research project was to design and evaluate a combined heat recovery ... an ammonia filtration

Heat and Power Optimization in Ammonia Plant...Heat and Power Optimization in Ammonia Plant M. H., Panjeshahi, E., Ghasemian Langeroudi and N., Tahouni, Department of Chemical Engineering,

Solar heat pump

AMMONIA RECEIVER DESIGN FOR DISH …stg.anu.edu.au/publications/assets/inproc/dunn-solar...the reactor surface, followed by a simulation which calculates reaction extents and heat

SOLAR HEAT Sustainable Future...2014/01/29 · Solar Heat, Sustainable Future: Clean Energy Solutions for Canada7 Solar thermal air system Air Heating Solar energy can heat air that

SOLAR-ASSISTED CO2 CAPTURE WITH AMINE AND AMMONIA …

SOLAR HEAT Sustainable Future - cansia.ca · Solar Heat, Sustainable Future: Clean Energy Solutions for Canada7 Solar thermal air system Air Heating Solar energy can heat air that

SABROE packaged ammonia heat pump · 2020. 9. 3. · Sabroe packaged ammonia heat pumps: Advantages • Compact design • Small ammonia charge • Evaporator and condenser in suitable

Syn-Loop Waste Heat Boiler Exit Line Failure · The Syn-Loop Waste Heat Boiler [WHB] also known as the Ammonia Converter Effluent Waste Heat Boiler is located downstream of the Ammonia

DESIGN OF A SOLAR COLD-STORAGE BY AMMONIA-WATER ABSORPTION ...pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAW146.pdf · DESIGN OF A SOLAR COLD-STORAGE. BY AMMONIA-WATER ABSORPTION SYSTEM. ... The solar-fired