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A STUDY ON TRANSPOSITION APPLIED IN TRANSLATING
FOLKLORES FROM BAHASA INDONESIA INTO ENGLISH
THESIS
by:
IRA AYU ANDRILIA S
201110100311305
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
A STUDY ON TRANSPOSITION APPLIED IN TRANSLATING
FOLKLORES FROM BAHASA INDONESIA INTO ENGLISH
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana
Degree in English Education
by:
IRA AYU ANDRILIA S
201110100311305
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirrabbil‘alamin. The writer gives the best praise and gratitude
to Allah yaa Rabbul Izzati who gives her health, composure, forbearance along this
thesis working. Likewise, praise is also given to Rasul Muhammad SAW as the
fountain of inspiration throughout her life journey.
Along with this accomplished mission “thesis”, the writer would like to
thank to those who contributed in this thesis. Firstly, the writer thanks and
appreciates her first advisor, Mr. Riski Lestiono, M.A. who warmly guides and
supports her to be more cautious on language and a good thinker as well as
analyzer. Moreover, the writer would like to convey an appreciation and thank to
her second advisor, Ms. Nina Inayati, M.Ed. who trains her to expand her critical
thinking patiently. Furthermore, the writer thanks her beloved white campus
“University of Muhammadiyah Malang” for providing great lecturers and courses
that lead her to finish her bachelor degree.
Secondly, her biggest appreciation, salute, and respect are given for her best
partner (mother) Khotimah who is her first teacher and counselor for every action,
for her real boyfriend (father) Herry Suranta Sembiring who always trusts her life
choices, and her dearest brother M. Doni Ferdiansyah Sembiring who makes her
like a walking dictionary wherein it improves her English’s capability. Then, for
all her families, the writer sends uncountable thanks to them every time and
moment.
Third, the writer would like to thank her second parents in Malang Ms.
Sholihatin A-Fath, Mr. Achmad Fathoni, and all Al-Hijrah members who give
religious lesson, support, and guidance. Also, the writer thanks to Menje Agent
(Selvy, Rudy, Wipol, Ulin, Iensi, Bayu and Yosep) for traveling projects to fill her
jaded times in the middle of thesis working. Moreover, the writer sends a special
thanks to Endah, Ajeng, and Ufa for their kindness and support. Morover, for all F
class members especially Aldunate (Khoyyimah), Kiki, Priska, Nia, Tyara, Dana
and other class members Yustin (B class) and Yusrinda (E class), the writer thanks
for the joy and laughter they have brought to these past four years. They are
extremely kind and fun to talk to, not to mention their care and without them, her
Malang experience would be very different.
Finally, the writer expects this study would be advantageous for the readers and
the related individuals who are focusing on translation studies. Hopefully, there
will be an upgrading of translation studies itself along with some researches
conducted in the present and future.
Malang, September 3, 2015
The Writer,
Ira Ayu Andrilia S.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ................................................................................................... iii
LEGALIZATION .......................................................................................... iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... v
ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ............................................................. vii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. xi
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................... xiv
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study .................................................................................. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................... 5
1.3 Purpose of the Study .................................................................................. 5
1.4 Scope and Limitation ................................................................................. 5
1.6 Significance of the Study ........................................................................... 6
1.7 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................ 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Translation Theory ..................................................................................... 8
2.2 The Definition of Translation ..................................................................... 9
2.3 Function of Translation ............................................................................ 11
2.4 Process of translation ............................................................................... 12
2.5 Translation Procedures ............................................................................. 15
2.5.1 Translation Procedures According to Vinay and Darbelnet .............. 16
2.5.1.1 Direct Translation ................................................................. 16
2.5.1.1.1 Borrowing ................................................................ 17
2.5.1.1.2 Calque ...................................................................... 18
2.5.1.1.3 Literal Translation ................................................... 19
2.5.1.2 Oblique Translation .............................................................. 20
2.5.1.2.1 Transposition .......................................................... 20
2.5.1.2.2 Modulation ............................................................. 21
2.5.1.2.3 Equivalence ............................................................ 22
2.5.1.2.4 Adaptation .............................................................. 23
2.5.2 Translation Procedures by Machali ................................................ 24
2.5.2.1 Transposition ....................................................................... 24
2.5.2.2 Modulation .......................................................................... 29
2.5.2.3 Adaptation ........................................................................... 30
2.5.2.4 Contextual Equivalence ...................................................... 31
2.5.2.5 Annotated Equivalence ....................................................... 32
2.6 Foklore ..................................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design ....................................................................................... 34
3.2 Research Materials ................................................................................... 36
3.3 Data Collection ......................................................................................... 38
3.4 Data Analysis ........................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Finding ...................................................................................... 42
4.1.1 Types of Transposition .................................................................... 42
4.1.1.1 A Shift in the Terms of Form ............................................ 43
4.1.1.2 Transposition on Grammatical Structure ........................... 48
4.1.1.3 The Alteration on Rigid Equivalence in Target Language 52
4.1.1.4 Transposition on Lexical Gaps by Using Grammatical
Structure ............................................................................ 58
4.2 Discussion ................................................................................................ 62
4.2.1 Proven Theory of Tranposition based on Machali 2009 ................. 62
4.2.2 The Disparity within Bahasa Indonesia and English on Grammatical
Rule ............................................................................................... 64
4.2.3 The Tendency of Language Used in Folklore ................................. 71
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 73
5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................... 75
REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 78
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I The Whole Folklores .......................................................... 82
APPENDIX II Sample of the Collected Data ........................................... 101
APPENDIX III Table of Data Analysis ..................................................... 103
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: The process of Translation .............................................................. 12
Figure 2: The Steps of Data Collection .......................................................... 38
Figure 3: The Steps of Data Analysis ............................................................. 40
Figure 4: Class Alteration .............................................................................. 63
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: The Comparison of Translation Procedures between Vinay &
Darbelnet and Machali ..................................................................... 16
Table 2: Names of Folklore ............................................................................ 37
Table 3: The Classification of Folklore .......................................................... 40
Table 4: The Alteration of Singular and Plural Form .................................... 43
Table 5: The Alteration of Modifier of Noun into Noun Phrase .................... 45
Table 6: The Movement of Noun Phrase Containing A Series of
Adjectives ......................................................................................... 47
Table 7: The Alteration of Position Object .................................................... 49
Table 8: The Alteration of Position Verb ....................................................... 50
Table 9: The Alteration from noun into verb ................................................. 52
Table 10: The Alteration from Noun into an Adjective ................................ 54
Table 11: The Alteration from an Adjective into Noun ................................ 55
Table 12: The Alteration from Verb into Noun ............................................. 56
Table 13: The Alteration from Verb into an Adjective .................................. 57
Table 14: The Use of Lexical Gap –pun ........................................................ 59
Table 15: The Use of Lexical Gap –lah ......................................................... 59
Table 16: A Unit Alteration between Word and Phrase ................................ 61
Motto and Dedication Motto
“Dan barang siapa yang bertakwa kepada Allah niscaya Allah
menjadikan baginya kemudahan dalam urusannya.”
“And for those who fear Allah, He will make their path easy.”
- At-Thalaaq: 4-
“Be kind of person who appreciates the action, process, and result of everyone’s work, don’t be single-minded one.”
-Ira-
“Don’t be too serious, put a little sense of humor” -Ira-
“If you don’t think, then you shouldn’t talk” -Alice in Wonderland-
DEDICATION
My gorgeous Mother, Father, and
Brother
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The Guilford Press.
Ande-Ande Lumut Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/183-ande-ande-lumut
Ande-Ande Lumut English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/74-ande-ande-lumut
Asal Mula Ikan Duyung Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/123-asal-mula-ikan-duyung
Asal Mula Ikan Duyung English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/43-the-origin-of-mermaid
Asal Mula Upacara Bau Nyale Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/42-Putri-Mandalika-Asal -Mula-
Upacara-Bau-Nyale-Nusa-Tenggara-Barat
Asal Mula Upacara Bau Nyale English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/41-princess-mandalika-the-
origin-of-bau-nyale-festival
Asal Usul Nama Buleleng dan Singaraja Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/109-asal-usul-nama-buleleng-dan-
singaraja
Asal Usul Nama Buleleng dan Singaraja English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/48-the-origin-of-the-names-of-
buleleng-and-singaraja
Banta Berensyah Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/162-banta-berensyah
Banta Berensyah English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/162-banta-berensyah
Batu Menangis Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/57-batu-menangis
Batu Menangis English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/46-the-crying-stone
Legenda Batu Keramat Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/166-legenda-batu-keramat
Legenda Batu Keramat English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/166-legenda-batu-keramat
Legenda Lau Kawar Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/6-legenda-lau-kawar
Legenda Lau Kawar English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/12-west-sumatra
Legenda Pulau Senua Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/142-legenda-pulau-senua
Legenda Pulau Senua English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/68-the-legend-of-senua-isle
Lutung Kasarung Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/175-lutung-kasarung
Lutung Kasarung English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/80-lutung-kasarung
Putri Serindang Bulan Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/170-putri-serindang-bulan
Putri Serindang Bulan English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/69-putri-serindang-bulan
Rambun Pamenan Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/126-rambun-pamenan
Rambun Pamenan English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/67-rambun-pamenan
Roro Jonggrang Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/151-roro-jonggrang
Roro Jonggrang English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/82-Rara-Jonggrang-The-Legend-
of-Prambanan-Temple
Timun Emas English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/73-timun-emas
Timun Emas Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/163-timun-emas
Untung Suropati Bahasa Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/192-untung-suropati
Untung Suropati English Version. Retrieved from
http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/71-untung-suropati
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