A STUDY ON TRANSPOSITION APPLIED IN TRANSLATING

FOLKLORES FROM BAHASA INDONESIA INTO ENGLISH

THESIS

by:

IRA AYU ANDRILIA S

201110100311305

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2015

A STUDY ON TRANSPOSITION APPLIED IN TRANSLATING

FOLKLORES FROM BAHASA INDONESIA INTO ENGLISH

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana

Degree in English Education

by:

IRA AYU ANDRILIA S

201110100311305

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2015

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahirrabbil‘alamin. The writer gives the best praise and gratitude

to Allah yaa Rabbul Izzati who gives her health, composure, forbearance along this

thesis working. Likewise, praise is also given to Rasul Muhammad SAW as the

fountain of inspiration throughout her life journey.

Along with this accomplished mission “thesis”, the writer would like to

thank to those who contributed in this thesis. Firstly, the writer thanks and

appreciates her first advisor, Mr. Riski Lestiono, M.A. who warmly guides and

supports her to be more cautious on language and a good thinker as well as

analyzer. Moreover, the writer would like to convey an appreciation and thank to

her second advisor, Ms. Nina Inayati, M.Ed. who trains her to expand her critical

thinking patiently. Furthermore, the writer thanks her beloved white campus

“University of Muhammadiyah Malang” for providing great lecturers and courses

that lead her to finish her bachelor degree.

Secondly, her biggest appreciation, salute, and respect are given for her best

partner (mother) Khotimah who is her first teacher and counselor for every action,

for her real boyfriend (father) Herry Suranta Sembiring who always trusts her life

choices, and her dearest brother M. Doni Ferdiansyah Sembiring who makes her

like a walking dictionary wherein it improves her English’s capability. Then, for

all her families, the writer sends uncountable thanks to them every time and

moment.

Third, the writer would like to thank her second parents in Malang Ms.

Sholihatin A-Fath, Mr. Achmad Fathoni, and all Al-Hijrah members who give

religious lesson, support, and guidance. Also, the writer thanks to Menje Agent

(Selvy, Rudy, Wipol, Ulin, Iensi, Bayu and Yosep) for traveling projects to fill her

jaded times in the middle of thesis working. Moreover, the writer sends a special

thanks to Endah, Ajeng, and Ufa for their kindness and support. Morover, for all F

class members especially Aldunate (Khoyyimah), Kiki, Priska, Nia, Tyara, Dana

and other class members Yustin (B class) and Yusrinda (E class), the writer thanks

for the joy and laughter they have brought to these past four years. They are

extremely kind and fun to talk to, not to mention their care and without them, her

Malang experience would be very different.

Finally, the writer expects this study would be advantageous for the readers and

the related individuals who are focusing on translation studies. Hopefully, there

will be an upgrading of translation studies itself along with some researches

conducted in the present and future.

Malang, September 3, 2015

The Writer,

Ira Ayu Andrilia S.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ................................................................................................... iii

LEGALIZATION .......................................................................................... iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... v

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ............................................................. vii

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. xi

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................... xiv

LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................... xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of study .................................................................................. 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................... 5

1.3 Purpose of the Study .................................................................................. 5

1.4 Scope and Limitation ................................................................................. 5

1.6 Significance of the Study ........................................................................... 6

1.7 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................ 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Translation Theory ..................................................................................... 8

2.2 The Definition of Translation ..................................................................... 9

2.3 Function of Translation ............................................................................ 11

2.4 Process of translation ............................................................................... 12

2.5 Translation Procedures ............................................................................. 15

2.5.1 Translation Procedures According to Vinay and Darbelnet .............. 16

2.5.1.1 Direct Translation ................................................................. 16

2.5.1.1.1 Borrowing ................................................................ 17

2.5.1.1.2 Calque ...................................................................... 18

2.5.1.1.3 Literal Translation ................................................... 19

2.5.1.2 Oblique Translation .............................................................. 20

2.5.1.2.1 Transposition .......................................................... 20

2.5.1.2.2 Modulation ............................................................. 21

2.5.1.2.3 Equivalence ............................................................ 22

2.5.1.2.4 Adaptation .............................................................. 23

2.5.2 Translation Procedures by Machali ................................................ 24

2.5.2.1 Transposition ....................................................................... 24

2.5.2.2 Modulation .......................................................................... 29

2.5.2.3 Adaptation ........................................................................... 30

2.5.2.4 Contextual Equivalence ...................................................... 31

2.5.2.5 Annotated Equivalence ....................................................... 32

2.6 Foklore ..................................................................................................... 32

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design ....................................................................................... 34

3.2 Research Materials ................................................................................... 36

3.3 Data Collection ......................................................................................... 38

3.4 Data Analysis ........................................................................................... 39

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Finding ...................................................................................... 42

4.1.1 Types of Transposition .................................................................... 42

4.1.1.1 A Shift in the Terms of Form ............................................ 43

4.1.1.2 Transposition on Grammatical Structure ........................... 48

4.1.1.3 The Alteration on Rigid Equivalence in Target Language 52

4.1.1.4 Transposition on Lexical Gaps by Using Grammatical

Structure ............................................................................ 58

4.2 Discussion ................................................................................................ 62

4.2.1 Proven Theory of Tranposition based on Machali 2009 ................. 62

4.2.2 The Disparity within Bahasa Indonesia and English on Grammatical

Rule ............................................................................................... 64

4.2.3 The Tendency of Language Used in Folklore ................................. 71

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 73

5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................... 75

REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 78

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I The Whole Folklores .......................................................... 82

APPENDIX II Sample of the Collected Data ........................................... 101

APPENDIX III Table of Data Analysis ..................................................... 103

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: The process of Translation .............................................................. 12

Figure 2: The Steps of Data Collection .......................................................... 38

Figure 3: The Steps of Data Analysis ............................................................. 40

Figure 4: Class Alteration .............................................................................. 63

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: The Comparison of Translation Procedures between Vinay &

Darbelnet and Machali ..................................................................... 16

Table 2: Names of Folklore ............................................................................ 37

Table 3: The Classification of Folklore .......................................................... 40

Table 4: The Alteration of Singular and Plural Form .................................... 43

Table 5: The Alteration of Modifier of Noun into Noun Phrase .................... 45

Table 6: The Movement of Noun Phrase Containing A Series of

Adjectives ......................................................................................... 47

Table 7: The Alteration of Position Object .................................................... 49

Table 8: The Alteration of Position Verb ....................................................... 50

Table 9: The Alteration from noun into verb ................................................. 52

Table 10: The Alteration from Noun into an Adjective ................................ 54

Table 11: The Alteration from an Adjective into Noun ................................ 55

Table 12: The Alteration from Verb into Noun ............................................. 56

Table 13: The Alteration from Verb into an Adjective .................................. 57

Table 14: The Use of Lexical Gap –pun ........................................................ 59

Table 15: The Use of Lexical Gap –lah ......................................................... 59

Table 16: A Unit Alteration between Word and Phrase ................................ 61

Motto and Dedication Motto

“Dan barang siapa yang bertakwa kepada Allah niscaya Allah

menjadikan baginya kemudahan dalam urusannya.”

“And for those who fear Allah, He will make their path easy.”

- At-Thalaaq: 4-

“Be kind of person who appreciates the action, process, and result of everyone’s work, don’t be single-minded one.”

-Ira-

“Don’t be too serious, put a little sense of humor” -Ira-

“If you don’t think, then you shouldn’t talk” -Alice in Wonderland-

DEDICATION

My gorgeous Mother, Father, and

Brother

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Ande-Ande Lumut Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/183-ande-ande-lumut

Ande-Ande Lumut English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/74-ande-ande-lumut

Asal Mula Ikan Duyung Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/123-asal-mula-ikan-duyung

Asal Mula Ikan Duyung English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/43-the-origin-of-mermaid

Asal Mula Upacara Bau Nyale Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/42-Putri-Mandalika-Asal -Mula-

Upacara-Bau-Nyale-Nusa-Tenggara-Barat

Asal Mula Upacara Bau Nyale English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/41-princess-mandalika-the-

origin-of-bau-nyale-festival

Asal Usul Nama Buleleng dan Singaraja Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/109-asal-usul-nama-buleleng-dan-

singaraja

Asal Usul Nama Buleleng dan Singaraja English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/48-the-origin-of-the-names-of-

buleleng-and-singaraja

Banta Berensyah Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/162-banta-berensyah

Banta Berensyah English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/162-banta-berensyah

Batu Menangis Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/57-batu-menangis

Batu Menangis English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/46-the-crying-stone

Legenda Batu Keramat Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/166-legenda-batu-keramat

Legenda Batu Keramat English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/166-legenda-batu-keramat

Legenda Lau Kawar Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/6-legenda-lau-kawar

Legenda Lau Kawar English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/12-west-sumatra

Legenda Pulau Senua Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/142-legenda-pulau-senua

Legenda Pulau Senua English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/68-the-legend-of-senua-isle

Lutung Kasarung Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/175-lutung-kasarung

Lutung Kasarung English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/80-lutung-kasarung

Putri Serindang Bulan Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/170-putri-serindang-bulan

Putri Serindang Bulan English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/69-putri-serindang-bulan

Rambun Pamenan Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/126-rambun-pamenan

Rambun Pamenan English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/67-rambun-pamenan

Roro Jonggrang Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/151-roro-jonggrang

Roro Jonggrang English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/82-Rara-Jonggrang-The-Legend-

of-Prambanan-Temple

Timun Emas English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/73-timun-emas

Timun Emas Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/163-timun-emas

Untung Suropati Bahasa Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/id/folklore/192-untung-suropati

Untung Suropati English Version. Retrieved from

http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/71-untung-suropati