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23rd Annual NARPM Training Program
Case Study Palos Verdes Shelf
Judy C. Huang, P.E.
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PORE WATER AND BIOAVAILABILITY COURSE
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Outline
Site Location and History Passive Sampling Activities and Results Advantages of Passive Sampling Lessons Learned Site Cleanup Progress Next Steps
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Location Map
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*Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles
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2009 Interim Record of Decision
Institutional Controls Monitored Natural Recovery Clean Sediment Cap
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Passive Sampling Activities
Conducted by Dr. Loretta Fernandez through EPA Office of Research and Development
2010 Water Column Study 2011 Sediment Flux Study
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2010 Water Column Study
Objective: Measure Water Column Contaminant Concentrations
Study Design: 12 Stations, 3 Depths (Bottom, Mid Column, and Surface)
Sampling Media: Microextraction (SPME) Fibers , and PRC Preloaded Solid Phase Polyethylene (PE) Strips
Target Contaminants: DDT Congeners, DDD, DDE, DDMU, DDNU and 43 PCB Congeners
Study Period: Deployed in September 2010 for 32 Days
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Water Column Study Sampling Locations
* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947
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Passive Sampling Rig Assembly
5 m from bottom
Sediment Bed
Anchor
Buoy
Line
PSDs
Water Surface
30 - 35 m from surface
surface
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p,p’ DDE (SPME)
* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947
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p,p’ DDE (PE)
* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947
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Sum of PCB Concentrations (PE)
* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947
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2011 Sediment Flux Study Objectives
Investigate effects of pilot sand cap on the flux of DDTs and PCBs from sediment to the water column using passive sampler derived concentration gradients
Observe concentrations of dissolved DDTs and PCBs in pore water as a function of depth
Compare the performance of different types of polymeric passive samplers
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2011 Sediment Flux Study Design
6 Stations PRC Preloaded Solid Phase Microextraction
(SPME) Fibers, Polyoxymethylene (POM) and Polyethylene (PE) Strips
DDT Congeners, DDD, DDE, DDMU, and PCB Congeners
Deployed in July 2011 for 44 Days
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Flux Study Sampling Locations
* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934
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Flux Platform Design
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Flux Platform
* Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County
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Flux Platform Deployment
* Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County
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Flux Platform Deployment
* Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County
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Flux Platform Retrieval
* Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County
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p,p’ DDE (PE Average)
* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934
Dep
th (
cm)
Flux Rate(ng/ cm2y )
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p,p’ DDD (PE Average)
* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934
Dep
th (
cm)
Flux Rate(ng/ cm2y )
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p,p’ DDMU (PE Average)D
epth
(cm
)
* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934
Flux Rate(ng/ cm2y )
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PCB 52 (PE Average)
* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934
Dep
th (
cm)
Flux Rate(ng/ cm2y )
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Advantages of Passive Sampling
Does not require collection of a large quantity of water per sample
Time and Cost Saving: two deployments vs. multi-day water collection
Data represents only the dissolved and bioavailable fraction of contaminants of concern
Allows calculation of flux rate Ability to measure water column pollutant
concentrations immediately above seabed
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Advantages of Passive Sampling
Allows EPA to evaluate feasibility of remedial options
Allows EPA to monitor for remedy effectiveness
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Lessons Learned
Not all passive samplers are created equal Choice of sampling media determined by Contaminant
of Concern
Be aware of site conditions Sample rig design and placement should be based on
actual site conditions
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Cleanup Status
Suspended cap design, since post capping IROD goals appear to have been achieved
Monitored Natural Attenuation is occurring Appeared to reach IROD fish tissue goals for
DDTs but not PCBs Met IROD sediment goals for PCBs in Sediment
but not for DDTs Not enough information to determine water
column compliance progress
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Next Steps
Sediment Analysis 69 Locations Analytes: DDT related compounds and 28 PCB
congeners
Water Column Analysis Passive sampling in 17 locations High Resolution GC/MS Analysis Pilot Study: Sample
collection at all passive sampler deployment location plus 35 sediment baseline locations
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Next Steps (cont.)
Fish Tissue Analysis White croaker and barred sand bass in multiple
locations Skin-off fillet to be analyzed and whole fish
concentration to be calculated using PV Shelf specific translators.
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Acknowledgement
Loretta Fernandez, Northeastern University Robert Burgess, EPA ORD Chi-Li Tang, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles Joe Gully, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles Keith Maruya, Southern California Coastal Water
Research Project Robert Lindfors, Gilbane
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Questions?
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