23rd Annual NARPM Training Program

Case Study Palos Verdes Shelf

Judy C. Huang, P.E.

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PORE WATER AND BIOAVAILABILITY COURSE

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Outline

Site Location and History Passive Sampling Activities and Results Advantages of Passive Sampling Lessons Learned Site Cleanup Progress Next Steps

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Location Map

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*Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles

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2009 Interim Record of Decision

Institutional Controls Monitored Natural Recovery Clean Sediment Cap

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Passive Sampling Activities

Conducted by Dr. Loretta Fernandez through EPA Office of Research and Development

2010 Water Column Study 2011 Sediment Flux Study

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2010 Water Column Study

Objective: Measure Water Column Contaminant Concentrations

Study Design: 12 Stations, 3 Depths (Bottom, Mid Column, and Surface)

Sampling Media: Microextraction (SPME) Fibers , and PRC Preloaded Solid Phase Polyethylene (PE) Strips

Target Contaminants: DDT Congeners, DDD, DDE, DDMU, DDNU and 43 PCB Congeners

Study Period: Deployed in September 2010 for 32 Days

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Water Column Study Sampling Locations

* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947

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Passive Sampling Rig Assembly

5 m from bottom

Sediment Bed

Anchor

Buoy

Line

PSDs

Water Surface

30 - 35 m from surface

surface

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p,p’ DDE (SPME)

* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947

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p,p’ DDE (PE)

* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947

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Sum of PCB Concentrations (PE)

* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947

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2011 Sediment Flux Study Objectives

Investigate effects of pilot sand cap on the flux of DDTs and PCBs from sediment to the water column using passive sampler derived concentration gradients

Observe concentrations of dissolved DDTs and PCBs in pore water as a function of depth

Compare the performance of different types of polymeric passive samplers

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2011 Sediment Flux Study Design

6 Stations PRC Preloaded Solid Phase Microextraction

(SPME) Fibers, Polyoxymethylene (POM) and Polyethylene (PE) Strips

DDT Congeners, DDD, DDE, DDMU, and PCB Congeners

Deployed in July 2011 for 44 Days

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Flux Study Sampling Locations

* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934

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Flux Platform Design

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Flux Platform

* Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

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Flux Platform Deployment

* Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

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Flux Platform Deployment

* Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

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Flux Platform Retrieval

* Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

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p,p’ DDE (PE Average)

* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934

Dep

th (

cm)

Flux Rate(ng/ cm2y )

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p,p’ DDD (PE Average)

* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934

Dep

th (

cm)

Flux Rate(ng/ cm2y )

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p,p’ DDMU (PE Average)D

epth

(cm

)

* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934

Flux Rate(ng/ cm2y )

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PCB 52 (PE Average)

* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934

Dep

th (

cm)

Flux Rate(ng/ cm2y )

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Advantages of Passive Sampling

Does not require collection of a large quantity of water per sample

Time and Cost Saving: two deployments vs. multi-day water collection

Data represents only the dissolved and bioavailable fraction of contaminants of concern

Allows calculation of flux rate Ability to measure water column pollutant

concentrations immediately above seabed

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Advantages of Passive Sampling

Allows EPA to evaluate feasibility of remedial options

Allows EPA to monitor for remedy effectiveness

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Lessons Learned

Not all passive samplers are created equal Choice of sampling media determined by Contaminant

of Concern

Be aware of site conditions Sample rig design and placement should be based on

actual site conditions

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Cleanup Status

Suspended cap design, since post capping IROD goals appear to have been achieved

Monitored Natural Attenuation is occurring Appeared to reach IROD fish tissue goals for

DDTs but not PCBs Met IROD sediment goals for PCBs in Sediment

but not for DDTs Not enough information to determine water

column compliance progress

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Next Steps

Sediment Analysis 69 Locations Analytes: DDT related compounds and 28 PCB

congeners

Water Column Analysis Passive sampling in 17 locations High Resolution GC/MS Analysis Pilot Study: Sample

collection at all passive sampler deployment location plus 35 sediment baseline locations

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Next Steps (cont.)

Fish Tissue Analysis White croaker and barred sand bass in multiple

locations Skin-off fillet to be analyzed and whole fish

concentration to be calculated using PV Shelf specific translators.

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Acknowledgement

Loretta Fernandez, Northeastern University Robert Burgess, EPA ORD Chi-Li Tang, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles Joe Gully, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles Keith Maruya, Southern California Coastal Water

Research Project Robert Lindfors, Gilbane

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Questions?