OUTPUT FOR SCIENCE

KINDS and EXAMPLES OF VOLCANOES

(ACTIVE, INACTIVE (EXTINCT) AND DORMANT (POTENTIALLY ACTIVE)

VOLCANOES) IN THE PHILIPPINES

Submitted by:John Carlo PracGrade IX-SPINEL

Submitted to:Jennifer C. Del Prado

-Science Teacher-FIVE (5) ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Musuan Peak or Mount Musuan /ˈmʊswən/, also known as Mount Calayo (/kəˈlɑːjoʊ/, literally "Fire Mountain") is an active volcano on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It is 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) south of the city of Valencia, province of Bukidnon, and 81 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Cagayan de Oro City. Musuan is a lava dome and tuff cone.It has an elevation of 646 metres (2,119 ft) asl, and a base diameter of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi).

2. Smith Volcano, also known as Mount Babuyan, is a cinder cone on Babuyan Island, the northernmost of the Babuyan group of islands on Luzon Strait, north of the main island of Luzon in the Philippines. The mountain is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines, which last erupted in 1924.The volcano is politically located in the Municipality of Calayan, Cagayanprovince, the town that has jurisdiction over the Babuyan Islands except Fuga Island. The sparsely-vegetated cinder cone is 688 meters (2,257 ft) high with a base diameter of 4.5 kilometers (2.8 mi). Layers of basaltic lava flows are evident south of the volcano. Smith Volcano has erupted six times, the last of which was in 1924.

3. Kanlaon Volcano, also spelled as Kanla-on or sometimes Canlaon, is an active stratovolcano on the island of Negros in the Visayas section of the Philippines. The volcano straddles the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental, approximately 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Bacolod, the capital and most populous city of Negros Occidental and of the whole island region.The volcano is a favorite spot for mountain climbers and is the centerpiece of Mount Kanlaon Natural Park, a national park originally established on August 8, 1934. It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines and part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Kanlaon has a peak elevation of 2,465 m (8,087 ft) at its highest point. Also it's 2435 m (7,989 ft) in some sources, with a base diameter of 30 km (19 mi) and is dotted with pyroclastic cones and craters. Just below and north of the summit is the active Lugud crater. North of Lugud is a 2 by 0.8 km (1.24 by 0.50 mi) caldera, known as Margaja Valley, with a small crater lake. The volcano has three hot springs on its slopes:

4. Matutum is an active volcano, approximately 5.7 kilometres (3.5 mi) from Acmonan, Tupi, South Cotabato, Philippines. Volcanologists suspect that Matutum may have had a phreatic explosion on March 7, 1911.

Matutum is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines. All are part of the Pacific ring of fire.

5. Mount Ragang, also called Mount Piapayungan and Blue Mountain by the local people, is a stratovolcano on Mindanao island in the Philippines. It is the seventh highest mountain in the Philippines. Mount Ragang is located on south of Lanao del Sur in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.Ragang has an elevation of 2,815 metres (9,236 ft) and a base diameter of 32 km (20 mi). It is the most active volcano on Mindanao, and is part of a string of volcanoes in what volcanologists call the Central Mindanao Arc. It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines, which are all part of the Pacific ring of fire.

FIVE (5) INACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Mount Alu is a volcano located on the eastern tip of island town of Lugus, in the province of Sulu in the southernmost Philippines. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) classifies Mount Alu as Inactive.

2. MountBinaca isan inactivevolcano the Municipality of Upi in Maguindanao province, Philippines. The mountain has an elevation 1,004 meters (3,294 ft) ASL, located at 6.95°N 124.017°ECoordinates: 6.95°N 124.017°E.

3. Mount Guinsiliban is located in the town of Guinsiliban. The 1,872-foot (571 m) high mountain is the southernmost volcano and the first seen coming from the port of Balingoan in mainland Mindanao.

4. Mount Kitanglad is an inactive volcano located in the Kitanglad Mountain Range in Bukidnon province on Mindanao island. It is the fourth highest mountain in the Philippines and has an approximate height of 2,899 meters. It is located between Malaybalay City and the municipalities of Lantapan, Impasugong, Sumilao, and Libona.The name "Kitanglad" was derived from a legend that there was once a great flood that submerged the native lands of Bukidnon and only the tip of the mountain, the size of a "tanglad" (lemon grass), remained visible ("kita"in Visayan). It is considered as an ancestral domain of several old cultural communities like the Bukidnons, Higaonons and Talaandigs.

5. Tadlac Lake, also colloquially known as Alligator Lake, is a freshwater crater lake located in Barangay Tadlac, in the municipality of Los Baños of Laguna province in the Philippines. The lake-filled maar is located along the southern shore of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country, with Alligator Lake protruding out

of the shore of the larger lake. If not for its slightly-elevated crater rim, Alligator Lake would be wholly engulfed by Laguna de Bay. The crater lake is one of the maars of the Laguna Volcanic Field. It is listed as one of the inactive volcanos in the Philippines by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS).[5] Lake overturns or carbon dioxide(CO2) eruption from deep within, locally called as langal, normally occurs during the months of December to February. During this period some indigenous fishes of the lake are often observed gasping for air near the lake surface. Prior to the introduction of aquaculture, Alligator Lake was considered as an oligotrophic lake, having low nutrient content and low algal production, resulting in very clear water with high drinking-water quality.

FIVE (5) DORMANT VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Mt. Isarog, which is located in the Bicol region and near the tourist town of Naga, stands more than 5,000 feet. In 1934, it was marked as a national park due to its rich flora and fauna.Mt Isarog is a large, isolated peak in Camarines Sur Province, on the Camarines Peninsula in southeastern Luzon. The mountain is a dormant volcano that rises to 1,976 m.The vegetation there includes parang grasslands mixed with patches of secondary forest from the lowlands to 900m, lowland forest below about 1,000m, and montane forest above about 900 m,including mossy forest above 1,500 m. However, most of the remaining forest is montane, with closed canopy lowland forests restricted to very steep slopes within a narrow band around 890-1,000 m.There is limited tourism in the area mainly to Malabsay Falls of Naga City and the sulfur hot spring of Hiwacloy.

2. Mt. Apo which is located in Mindanao, is Philippines' highest peak at 9,689 feet.Mount Apo is the highest mountain in the country and overlooks Davao City, a few kilometres to the northeast. Its name means "master" or "grandfather". Apo is flat topped, with three peaks, and is capped by a 500 m wide volcanic crater containing a small crater lake. It is a source of geothermal energy, but the date of its most recent eruption is unknown, and none are verified in historic times.Mt. Apo is a popular hiking destination in the Philippines. Several trails lead to the summit, coming from North Cotabato and Davao provinces. An average hike requires 2-4 four days. Various sights include Lake Venado, one of the highest lakes in the Philippines, and the old crater

of Mt. Apo near its summit. In the classification system used by local popular mountaineering website PinoyMountaineer.com, the difficulty of the hike is 7 out of 9. The mountain may be climbed year-round.

3. Mount Banahaw -The Banahaw volcanic complex includes Mt Banahaw (2158 m), San Cristobal (1470 m), and Banhao de Lucban (1870 m) volcanoes. Banahaw has a 2-km-wide, 600-m-deep summit crater open to the SSW and contained a crater lake until 1730, when it drained to form mudflows. Similar events took place in 1743?, 1843 and 1909. A large collapse of the NE flank of Banahaw produced a debris avalanche deposit with a volume of 5 cubic km. The event lest a 8 km wide and more than 1 km deep horse-shoe shaped depression extending from 1700 m to 650 m altitude. The oldest deposits from Banahaw volcano are known as the Lucena pyroclastic flow deposits, visible on the shore at Tayabas Bay near Lucerna City and at the eastern base of Banhao de Lucban stratovolcano. Banhao de Lucban is the youngest stratovolcano of the group. It forms a steep cone on the eastern flank of Banahaw volcano, and overlies the debris avalanche of Banahaw volcano, and therefore is younger than that event. San Cristobal stratovolcano lies on the western flank of Banahaw volcano. It has a youthful shape indicating a younger age than Banahaw. The absence of soil covering the youngest volcanic layer of San Cristobal ("San Cristobal 3 unit") suggest that it might be younger than 2000 years.

4. Mount Cagua, a 1133-m-high stratovolcano, lies at the NE tip of Luzon. The circular summit crater is 1.5 km in diameter, with steep, 60-m-high walls. Basaltic-andesite and basaltic lava effusion characterized the initial stage of volcanism during the early Pleistocene. From about 600,000 to 300,000 years ago thick pyroclastic flows covered the entire volcano.Recent periods of phreatomagmatic activity have produced ash flows. The forested volcano is locally known as the "Mountain of Fire." A phreatic explosion in 1860 may have been accompanied by a pyroclastic flow. Strong solfataric activity occurred in 1907, and thermal areas are located near the summit crater and on the NW to NNE flanks.

Mount Cagua has six hot springs. Maasok near the crater; Marafil in the northwest; Manaring, five kilometers north-northeast; San Jose, 10 kilometers north-northeast; Kabinlangan, three kilometers northwest and Paminta, two kilometers north-northwest.

5. An andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano complex in the Leonard Range is truncated by a 4 x 5 km caldera partially filled by Lake Leonard. The volcano (also known as Leonard Kniazeff) is located east of the head

of Davao Gulf in SE Mindanao, east of the major N-S-trending Philippine Fault.Activity at the Leonard Range dates back to 1.1 million years. A dome building stage began about 290,000 years ago, producing a series of lava domes in the region surrounding Lake Leonard. A younger stage involved the eruption of the Paloc pyroclastic deposits from the late-Pleistocene to Holocene and the formation of the caldera. Holocene radiocarbon dates ranging from about 6000 to 1800 years ago were obtained from the Paloc pyroclastic deposits. The Leonard Range (or North Davao) area has been the object of a geothermal exploration program.The Manat thermal area is located north of Lake Leonard, solfataras occur its SW rim, and active solfataras, fumaroles, and hot springs are found in the Amacan-Gopod thermal area south of the lake.