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Slides of my PhD defense on September 11, 2012.
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FROM FINDABILITY TO AWARENESS: METADATA IN MUSIC AND TECHNOLOGY
ENHANCED LEARNING
Sten Govaerts
Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. Erik DuvalCo-promotor: Dr. Katrien Verbert
Vinden en beseffen: Metadata in muziek en E-learning
1
Wednesday 12 September 12
http://www.britannica.com/bps/media-view/96031/1/0/0 2
Wednesday 12 September 12
3
Wednesday 12 September 12
http://www.flickr.com/photos/markkelley/1022720488/ 4
Wednesday 12 September 12
http://www.flickr.com/photos/markkelley/1022720488/ 4
Wednesday 12 September 12
METADATA• title: Maiden Voyage• main artist: Herbie Hancock• artists: Freddie Hubbard, George
Coleman, Ron Carter, Anthony Williams• record label: Blue Note, Capitol
Records• instruments: trumpet, tenor
saxophone, piano, bass, drums.• recording date: March 17, 1965• studio: Van Gelder Studio, New Jersey• version: remastered by Rudy Van Gelder
5
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTEXT.
6
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
RQ1: How can metadata be leveraged to provide efficient and
effective access to content?7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.RQ2: How can metadata creation
be made more scalable?
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.
RQ3: How can metadata standards be selected for specific
functionalities of applications?7
Wednesday 12 September 12
OVERVIEW.RQ4: How can attention metadata be leveraged to improve
awareness and self-reflection?
7
Wednesday 12 September 12
DOMAINS.
Music Technology-enhanced Learning (TEL)
8
Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 1 – DEFINE.
9
Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 1 – DEFINE.
RQ3: How can metadata standards be selected for specific
functionalities of applications?9
Wednesday 12 September 12
METADATA SCHEMA<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://media.example.com/audio/guide.ra"> <dc:creator>Herbie Hancock</dc:creator> <dc:title>Maiden Voyage</dc:title> <dc:contributor>Freddie Hubbard</dc:contributor> <dc:contributor>George Coleman</dc:contributor> <dc:contributor>Ron Carter</dc:contributor> <dc:contributor>Anthony Williams</dc:contributor> <dc:description>Maiden Voyage is the fifth album led by jazz musician Herbie Hancock, and was recorded by Rudy Van Gelder on May 17, 1965 for Blue Note Records.</dc:description> <dc:date>1965-03-17</dc:date> <dc:publisher>Blue Note</dc:publisher> <dc:type>Music album</dc:type> <dc:format>audio/mp3</dc:format> <dc:rights>copyrighted by Capitol Records, Inc.</dc:rights> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
Dub
lin C
ore
10step 1 - define.Wednesday 12 September 12
METADATA SCHEMA@prefix mo: <http://purl.org/ontology/mo/> .@prefix : <#> .@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .@prefix event: <http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#> .
:work a mo:MusicalWork ; dc:title "Herbie Hancock - Maiden Voyage" .
:performance a mo:Performance ; dc:title "Maiden Voyage" ; mo:performance_of :work ; mo:performer <http://dbpedia.org/page/Herbie_Hancock> ; dc:date "1965-03-17"^^xsd:date . event:place <http://dbpedia.org/page/Van_Gelder_Studio> ; mo:performance_of <http://dbpedia.org/page/Maiden_Voyage_(Herbie_Hancock_album)> . mo:recorded_as [ a mo:Signal ; mo:published_as :track1 ; dc:title "Original recording at the Van Gelder Studio" ; ] .
Mus
ic O
ntol
ogy
11step 1 - define.Wednesday 12 September 12
METADATA SCHEMA:track1 a mo:Track ; mo:track_number 1 ; dc:title "Maiden Voyage". :signal mo:time [ tl:duration "PT2M14S"^^xsd:duration; tl:timeline :tl; ]. :chorus1 a ps:Chorus; rdfs:label "First chorus"; event:time [ tl:timeline :tl; tl:start "PT0S"^^xsd:duration; tl:duration "PT9S"^^xsd:duration; ].
:verse1 a ps:Verse; rdfs:label "First verse"; event:time [ tl:timeline :tl; tl:start "PT9S"^^xsd:duration; tl:duration "PT33S"^^xsd:duration; ].
Mus
ic O
ntol
ogy
11step 1 - define.Wednesday 12 September 12
FINDING AN APPROPRIATE METADATA SCHEMA...
Corthaut, Nik; Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; Duval, Erik. Connecting the dots: music metadata generation,
schemas and applications. ISMIR 2008.12step 1 - define.Wednesday 12 September 12
...FOR THE RIGHT APPLICATION.
Corthaut, Nik; Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; Duval, Erik. Connecting the dots: music metadata
generation, schemas and applications. ISMIR 2008.13step 1 - define.Wednesday 12 September 12
...FOR THE RIGHT APPLICATION.
Corthaut, Nik; Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; Duval, Erik. Connecting the dots: music metadata
generation, schemas and applications. ISMIR 2008.13step 1 - define.Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 2 – CREATE.
14
Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 2 – CREATE.
RQ2: How can metadata creation be made more scalable?
14
Wednesday 12 September 12
country of origin of an artist.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/twicepix/4437851857/15
Wednesday 12 September 12
COUNTRY & CONTINENT
• useful for :
• subgenres• popularity• recommendations
16step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
COUNTRY & CONTINENT
• useful for :
• subgenres• popularity• recommendations
• expensive to annotate
16step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
COUNTRY & CONTINENT
• useful for :
• subgenres• popularity• recommendations
• expensive to annotate
• very little existing research
16step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
MASHUP.
last.fm
website
dapper
yahoo! pipes
last.fm
last on am/fm
google app engine
google maps
freebase
last.fm
youtube
17step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
Evaluation:ground truth data set of 11275 artists
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
77%
71%
90%
91%
Accuracy
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
0% 15% 30% 45% 60%
59%
55%
26%
7%
Coverage
Three data sources
• last.fm• freebase• biographies
Govaerts, Sten; Duval, Erik. A Web-based approach to determine the origin of an artist. ISMIR 2009.
18step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
Evaluation:ground truth data set of 11275 artists
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
77%
71%
90%
91%
Accuracy
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
0% 15% 30% 45% 60%
59%
55%
26%
7%
Coverage
Three data sources
• last.fm• freebase• biographies
Govaerts, Sten; Duval, Erik. A Web-based approach to determine the origin of an artist. ISMIR 2009.
Ennio Morricone (born 10 November 1928 in Rome) is an Italian composer especially noted for his film scores. He has composed the scores of more than 500 films and TV series. Although only 30 of these are for Western films, it is for this work which he is best known. Morricone’s sparse style of composition for the genre is particularly exemplified by the soundtracks of the classic spaghetti westerns The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (Sergio Leone, 1966) and Once Upon A Time In The West (Sergio Leone, 1968). [...]In 2003 he scored the Japanese Taiga drama about Miyamoto Musashi, Japan’s legendary warrior. In 2005 he was on a world tour with the Roma Sinfonietta Orchestra, touring from cities like New York, Bilbao, Bratislava and Tokyo. In 2006, Morricone collaborated with Morrissey by composing the string part for his song “Dear God Please Help Me”, recorded in Rome’s Forum Music Village Studios. In recognition of his vast body of work and dedication, Morricone received an honorary Academy Award in 2007; Morricone had received nominations for Best Original Score in the past, but had failed to win.
18step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
Evaluation:ground truth data set of 11275 artists
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
77%
71%
90%
91%
Accuracy
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
0% 15% 30% 45% 60%
59%
55%
26%
7%
Coverage
Three data sources
• last.fm• freebase• biographies
Govaerts, Sten; Duval, Erik. A Web-based approach to determine the origin of an artist. ISMIR 2009.
18step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
Evaluation:ground truth data set of 11275 artists
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
91%
90%
71%
77%
Accuracy
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
0% 15% 30% 45% 60%
59%
55%
26%
7%
Coverage
Three data sources
• last.fm• freebase• biographies
Govaerts, Sten; Duval, Erik. A Web-based approach to determine the origin of an artist. ISMIR 2009.
18step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
Evaluation:ground truth data set of 11275 artists
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
91%
90%
71%
77%
Accuracy
0% 15% 30% 45% 60%
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
7%
26%
55%
59%
Coverage
Three data sources
• last.fm• freebase• biographies
Govaerts, Sten; Duval, Erik. A Web-based approach to determine the origin of an artist. ISMIR 2009.
18step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
Evaluation:ground truth data set of 11275 artists
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
91%
90%
71%
77%
Accuracy
0% 15% 30% 45% 60%
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
7%
26%
55%
59%
Coverage
Three data sources
• last.fm• freebase• biographies
}
Govaerts, Sten; Duval, Erik. A Web-based approach to determine the origin of an artist. ISMIR 2009.
18step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
Evaluation:ground truth data set of 11275 artists
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
91%
90%
71%
77%
Accuracy
0% 15% 30% 45% 60%
last.fm
freebase
biography
combination
7%
26%
55%
59%
Coverage
Three data sources
• last.fm• freebase• biographies
}
}Govaerts, Sten; Duval, Erik. A Web-based approach to
determine the origin of an artist. ISMIR 2009.
18step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
LAST.FM MASHUP
http://www.cs.kuleuven.be/~sten/lastonamfm19step 2 - create.
Wednesday 12 September 12
musical genre.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/7593077@N03/5076100406/in/photostream/ 20
Wednesday 12 September 12
USING SEARCH ENGINES
21step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
USING SEARCH ENGINES
21step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
USING SEARCH ENGINES
21step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
USING SEARCH ENGINES
21step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
USING SEARCH ENGINES
21step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
CLASSIFICATION WITH SEARCH ENGINES
using co-occurrence
M. Schedl, T. Pohle, P. Knees, G. Widmer, “Assigning and Visualizing Music Genres by Web-based Co-occurrence Analysis”, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, 2006, pp. 260-265.
22step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
CLASSIFICATION WITH SEARCH ENGINES
using co-occurrence
M. Schedl, T. Pohle, P. Knees, G. Widmer, “Assigning and Visualizing Music Genres by Web-based Co-occurrence Analysis”, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, 2006, pp. 260-265.
22step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
23step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
Rock:
Blues:
Country:
Jazz:
Pop:
Metal:
23step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
Rock:
Blues:
Country:
Jazz:
Pop:
Metal:
0,013
0,009
0,013
0,005
0,0150,009
23step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
RESULTS
• 1st results were much worse
• what happened?
• re-run the original experiment
• evaluate on the same data set: 1995 artists and 9 genres.
• different search engines: Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft.
• over time: 8 times over a period of 36 days.
24step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
25step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
25step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
26step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
WHAT TO USE?
• use Google when it’s stable else rely on Yahoo!
• when is it stable? test with a small set
• some artists get classified incorrectly on bad days
• compare the accuracy achieved with the test set to the average.
27step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
WHAT TO USE?
• use Google when it’s stable else rely on Yahoo!
• when is it stable? test with a small set
• some artists get classified incorrectly on bad days
• compare the accuracy achieved with the test set to the average.
Govaerts, Sten; Corthaut, Nik; Duval, Erik. Using search engine for classification: does it still work? adMIRe WS, ISM2009.
27step 2 - create.Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 4 – UTILISE.
28
Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 4 – UTILISE.
28
Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 4 – UTILISE.Ch 5 & 6
RQ1: How can metadata be leveraged to provide efficient and
effective access to content?28
Wednesday 12 September 12
FEDERATED SEARCH.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
step 4 - utilise. 29
Wednesday 12 September 12
FEDERATED SEARCH.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
step 4 - utilise. 29
Wednesday 12 September 12
FEDERATED SEARCH.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
step 4 - utilise. 29
Wednesday 12 September 12
FEDERATED SEARCH.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
step 4 - utilise. 29
Wednesday 12 September 12
FEDERATED SEARCH.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
step 4 - utilise. 29
Wednesday 12 September 12
FEDERATED SEARCH.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
step 4 - utilise. 29
Wednesday 12 September 12
FEDERATED SEARCH.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
step 4 - utilise. 29
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 4 - utilise.
CONTEXT
• Personal Learning Environment:
• customizable• re-use, creation & mashup of tools, resources
• enable users to access content
• in different contexts
30
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 4 - utilise.
CONTEXT
• Personal Learning Environment:
• customizable• re-use, creation & mashup of tools, resources
• enable users to access content
• in different contexts
30
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 4 - utilise.
CONTEXT
• Personal Learning Environment:
• customizable• re-use, creation & mashup of tools, resources
• enable users to access content
• in different contexts
30
Wednesday 12 September 12
WHAT’S A WIDGET ?!?
31step 4 - utilise.Wednesday 12 September 12
WHAT’S A WIDGET ?!?
31step 4 - utilise.Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 5 & 6 – CAPTURE & PERSONALISE.
32
Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 5 & 6 – CAPTURE & PERSONALISE.
Ch 5 & 6
RQ1: How can metadata be leveraged to provide efficient and
effective access to content?
32
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
ATTENTION METADATA
Attention metadata does not describe the content itself, but what people do
with the content.
33
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
ATTENTION METADATA
Attention metadata does not describe the content itself, but what people do
with the content.
copyright by Warner Bros. Pictures
33
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
ATTENTION METADATA
Attention metadata does not describe the content itself, but what people do
with the content.
copyright by Warner Bros. Pictures
33
Wednesday 12 September 12
UI.
34step 4 - utilise.Wednesday 12 September 12
UI.
34step 4 - utilise.Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
SOCIAL RECOMMENDATIONS.
35
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
SOCIAL RECOMMENDATIONS.
35
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
SOCIAL RECOMMENDATIONS.
35
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Govaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget. SRS WS, CSCW 2011.
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework. EC-TEL 2011.
SOCIAL RECOMMENDATIONS.
35
Wednesday 12 September 12
PAGE RANKHYPERLINK
WEBSITE
A node is important if and only if many other important nodes point to it
Rank of node i:
36step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
friend
connection
saved/shared
liked
liked
disliked
friend
connection
saved/shared
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
Erik
Sandy
Sten
OUR CASE
37step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
THREE CASE STUDIES2 31
38step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
KU LEUVEN & EPFL
• 15 PhD students.
39step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
KU LEUVEN & EPFL
• 15 PhD students.
• usability, satisfaction, usefulness
39step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
KU LEUVEN & EPFL
• 15 PhD students.
• usability, satisfaction, usefulness
• usefulness of recommendations: 11/14 pro.
39step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
KU LEUVEN & EPFL
• 15 PhD students.
• usability, satisfaction, usefulness
• usefulness of recommendations: 11/14 pro.
• user satisfaction: System Usability Scale (SUS) & MS Desirability Toolkit
39step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
KU LEUVEN & EPFL
• 15 PhD students.
• usability, satisfaction, usefulness
• usefulness of recommendations: 11/14 pro.
• user satisfaction: System Usability Scale (SUS) & MS Desirability Toolkit
• SUS score: 66,25%
39step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
KU LEUVEN & EPFL
• 15 PhD students.
• usability, satisfaction, usefulness
• usefulness of recommendations: 11/14 pro.
• user satisfaction: System Usability Scale (SUS) & MS Desirability Toolkit
• SUS score: 66,25% KU Leuven: high (75%)EPFL + one KU Leuven: low (50%)
39step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
WHY THE DIFFERENT SUS?
• 1st phase by 2 interviewers
40step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
WHY THE DIFFERENT SUS?
• 1st phase by 2 interviewers
40step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
WHY THE DIFFERENT SUS?
• 1st phase by 2 interviewers
40step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
WHY THE DIFFERENT SUS?
• issues:
• distraction from unrelated widgets
• layout too dense
• height of widgets too small
• not evaluating the widget but the whole experience...
41step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
DESIRABILITY...
42step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
DESIRABILITY...
42step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
DESIRABILITY...
42step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
FESTO
• LMS (CLIX) extended with widgets
• 25 heterogeneous participants
• evaluation setup:
1. video introduction to the new system
2. period of experimentation
3. questionnaire
43step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
FESTO
• LMS (CLIX) extended with widgets
• 25 heterogeneous participants
• evaluation setup:
1. video introduction to the new system
2. period of experimentation
3. questionnaire
43step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
FESTO RESULTS
44step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
FESTO RESULTS
88% would recommend it to their colleagues
81% agreed that it helps them to be more effective
44step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY
• offers higher education for adults with a full-time job
• early prototype with
• evaluation setup:
1. task list (ETA 15 mins)
2. questionnaire (in Chinese) (partially from ResQUE)
45step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY
• offers higher education for adults with a full-time job
• early prototype with
• evaluation setup:
1. task list (ETA 15 mins)
2. questionnaire (in Chinese) (partially from ResQUE)
45step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
RESULTS
• ran over 3 weeks, 13 respondents
• results for federated search widget:• 69% used the federated search widget
• 56% found the recommendations relevant to the course
• 38% wanted to continue using the federated search widget
• Personal learning environment results• 23% found it useful for the course
• 39% found it easy to use, 15% found it navigationally consistent
• 46% were satisfied with the personal learning environment
46step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
WHY?
• an established LMS augmented with PLE features brand new system
• cultural differences?
• slow internet connection (long loading and querying times)
• lesson learned: the choice of evaluation environment is very important
47step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
WHY?
• an established LMS augmented with PLE features brand new system
• cultural differences?
• slow internet connection (long loading and querying times)
• lesson learned: the choice of evaluation environment is very important
47
users perceive federated search as useful and effective IF the content in the repositories relates
to their tasks.[Belliston et al., 2007], [Korah et al., 2010], [Gore, 2008]
step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
WHY?
• an established LMS augmented with PLE features brand new system
• cultural differences?
• slow internet connection (long loading and querying times)
• lesson learned: the choice of evaluation environment is very important
47
users perceive federated search as useful and effective IF the content in the repositories relates
to their tasks.[Belliston et al., 2007], [Korah et al., 2010], [Gore, 2008]
our evaluation indicates that users benefit from the social recommendations.
recommendations from friends are preferred over system recommendations. [Shinha et al., 2001]
step 5 & 6 - capture/personalise.
Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 7 – CREATE AWARENESS.
48
Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 7 – CREATE AWARENESS.Ch 7
48
Wednesday 12 September 12
STEP 7 – CREATE AWARENESS.Ch 7
RQ4: How can attention metadata be leveraged to improve
awareness and self-reflection?
48
Wednesday 12 September 12
PROBLEM
http://www.ypfp.org/classroom
49step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
PROBLEM
http://www.ypfp.org/classroom
49step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
STUDENT ACTIVITY METER
• visualisations of attention metadata
• self-monitoring for learners
design
evaluation
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
implementation
50
Wednesday 12 September 12
STUDENT ACTIVITY METER
• visualisations of attention metadata
• self-monitoring for learners
• awareness for teachersdesign
evaluation
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
implementation
50
Wednesday 12 September 12
STUDENT ACTIVITY METER
• visualisations of attention metadata
• self-monitoring for learners
• awareness for teachers
• time trackingdesign
evaluation
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
implementation
50
Wednesday 12 September 12
STUDENT ACTIVITY METER
• visualisations of attention metadata
• self-monitoring for learners
• awareness for teachers
• time tracking
• learning resource use and recommendations
design
evaluation
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
implementation
50
Wednesday 12 September 12
STUDENT ACTIVITY METER
• visualisations of attention metadata
• self-monitoring for learners
• awareness for teachers
• time tracking
• learning resource use and recommendations
• part of Learning Analytics research [ACM LAK conf., Siemens 2011, Duval 2011]
design
evaluation
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
implementation
50
Wednesday 12 September 12
demo...
http://www.leveraas.com/
Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien, Duval, Erik; Pardo, Abelardo. The Student Activity Meter for Awareness and Self-reflection. CHI 2012.
51
Wednesday 12 September 12
demographics
evaluation goal
design changes negative positive
I. 12 CS students
usability, satisfaction, preliminary usefulness
1st iteration small usability issues
•↑learnability•↓errors•good satisfaction•usefulness positive
52step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
ITERATION TWO & THREE
• CGIAR: 19 teachers - LAK: 12
• An online survey about usefulness, teacher issues and how the tool can resolve these.
53
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Provide feedback to the students
Being aware of what students are doing
Knowing about collaboration and communication
Knowing which documents are used and how much
Knowing how and when online tools have been used
Finding the students who are not doing well
Finding the best students
Knowing how much time students spent
Knowing if external learning resources are used
issue for teacher
✔
✗
?✔
✔
✔?
✔
??
✔
✔✔??✔?
✔
add-ressed
✔✔
✔
✔?
?
✔
✗
?
issue for teacher
add-ressed
✗
?
✔?
✔?
?
✗
?
CGIAR LAK1 2 3 4 5
Issues
Provide feedback to the studentsBeing aware of what students are doingKnowing about collaboration and communication *Knowing which documents are used and how muchKnowing how and when online tools have been usedFinding the students who are not doing well
Finding the best students
Knowing how much time students spentKnowing if external learning resources are used
Addressed by SAM
1 2 3 4 5
54
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Provide feedback to the students
Being aware of what students are doing
Knowing about collaboration and communication
Knowing which documents are used and how much
Knowing how and when online tools have been used
Finding the students who are not doing well
Finding the best students
Knowing how much time students spent
Knowing if external learning resources are used
issue for teacher
✔
✗
?✔
✔
✔?
✔
??
✔
✔✔??✔?
✔
add-ressed
✔✔
✔
✔?
?
✔
✗
?
issue for teacher
add-ressed
✗
?
✔?
✔?
?
✗
?
CGIAR LAK
54
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Provide feedback to the students
Being aware of what students are doing
Knowing about collaboration and communication
Knowing which documents are used and how much
Knowing how and when online tools have been used
Finding the students who are not doing well
Finding the best students
Knowing how much time students spent
Knowing if external learning resources are used
issue for teacher
✔
✗
?✔
✔
✔?
✔
??
✔
✔✔??✔?
✔
add-ressed
✔✔
✔
✔?
?
✔
✗
?
issue for teacher
add-ressed
✗
?
✔?
✔?
?
✗
?
CGIAR LAK
54
Wednesday 12 September 12
CGIAR CASE STUDY
55step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
CGIAR CASE STUDY
good indicator for effortunderstand the workload
use for course design optimization
obtain course overview
increase awareness
detect outliers
progress evolutioncompare students
want better 1 to 1 comparison tool
more details on student
want to search for students
more metricswanted
55step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
CGIAR CASE STUDY
good indicator for effortunderstand the workload
use for course design optimization
obtain course overview
increase awareness
detect outliers
progress evolutioncompare students
want better 1 to 1 comparison tool
more details on student
want to search for students
more metricswanted
55step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
LAK CASE STUDY
http://maranash.blogspot.com/2011/01/conference-shout-out.html56step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
LAK CASE STUDY
chronological course dwell time
verify the status of the classroom activity
self-reflection to measure progress and increase
motivation
find students experiencing problems and low
engagement
more metrics
more data
http://maranash.blogspot.com/2011/01/conference-shout-out.html56step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
LAK CASE STUDY
chronological course dwell time
verify the status of the classroom activity
self-reflection to measure progress and increase
motivation
find students experiencing problems and low
engagement
more metrics
more data
http://maranash.blogspot.com/2011/01/conference-shout-out.html56step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
demographics
evaluation goal
design changes
negative positive
I.12 CS
students
usability, satisfaction, preliminary usefulness
1st iterationsmall usability
issues
•↑learnability•↓errors•good satisfaction•usefulness positive
II.19
teachers & TA’s
assessing teacher
needs, use & usefulness
help functionresource
recomm. not useful
•provides awareness•all vis. useful•many uses•90% want it
III.12
participants
assessing teacher
needs, expert feedback, use & usefulness
re-orderable parallel
coordinates with
histograms
most addressed needs are indecisive
•provides awareness and feedback•many uses•66% want it•recomm. can be useful
57
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
ITERATION FOUR
• a CS course on C++ programming
• 11 people: 7 teachers, 2 TA’s & 1 course planner
• richer data set: tracking from programming environment
• qualitative study using a structured face-2-face interview with 25 open questions.
58
Wednesday 12 September 12
step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
ITERATION FOUR
• a CS course on C++ programming
• 11 people: 7 teachers, 2 TA’s & 1 course planner
• richer data set: tracking from programming environment
• qualitative study using a structured face-2-face interview with 25 open questions.
58
Wednesday 12 September 12
ACHIEVABLE TASKS
identify students doing well and at risk
understand time spent better
better course overview
detect students for assistance
course planning
monitor tool and resource use
get a time summary
conflicting visions on students doing well
and at risk
http://www.tdpri.com/forum/telecaster-discussion-forum/48431-ic503z-cap-52-ri-blackguard-book.html 59step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
ACHIEVABLE TASKS
identify students doing well and at risk
understand time spent better
better course overview
detect students for assistance
course planning
monitor tool and resource use
get a time summary
conflicting visions on students doing well
and at risk
http://www.tdpri.com/forum/telecaster-discussion-forum/48431-ic503z-cap-52-ri-blackguard-book.html 59step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
ACHIEVABLE TASKS
identify students doing well and at risk
understand time spent better
better course overview
detect students for assistance
course planning
monitor tool and resource use
get a time summary
conflicting visions on students doing well
and at risk
http://www.tdpri.com/forum/telecaster-discussion-forum/48431-ic503z-cap-52-ri-blackguard-book.html 59step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
all: want to continue using it9/11: give it to students
Wednesday 12 September 12
demo-graphics
evaluation goal
design changes negative positive
I.12 CS
students
usability, satisfaction, preliminary usefulness
1st iterationsmall usability
issues
•↑learnability•↓errors•good satisfaction•usefulness positive
II.19
teachers & TA’s
assessing teacher needs, use & usefulness
help functionresource
recomm. not useful
•provides awareness•all vis. useful•many uses•90% want it
III.12
participants
assessing teacher needs, expert
feedback, use & usefulness
re-orderable PC with
histograms
most addressed needs are indecisive
•provides awareness and feedback•many uses•66% want it•recomm. can be useful
IV.11
teachers & TA’s
use, usefulness & satisfaction
filter & search, icons,
zooming in line chart, editing PC
axes
conflicting visions of students
doing well or at risk
•provides time overview•provides course overview•PC assist with detecting problems•many uses & insights•100% want it
60
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONCLUSION
• SAM is perceived useful and contributes to better awareness.
61step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONCLUSION
• SAM is perceived useful and contributes to better awareness.
• SAM enables:
61step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONCLUSION
• SAM is perceived useful and contributes to better awareness.
• SAM enables:
• to detect potential students doing well and at risk
61step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONCLUSION
• SAM is perceived useful and contributes to better awareness.
• SAM enables:
• to detect potential students doing well and at risk• a better course overview
61step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONCLUSION
• SAM is perceived useful and contributes to better awareness.
• SAM enables:
• to detect potential students doing well and at risk• a better course overview• understanding student time spending
61step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONCLUSION
• SAM is perceived useful and contributes to better awareness.
• SAM enables:
• to detect potential students doing well and at risk• a better course overview• understanding student time spending• to find a wide variety of new insights
61step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONCLUSION
• SAM is perceived useful and contributes to better awareness.
• SAM enables:
• to detect potential students doing well and at risk• a better course overview• understanding student time spending• to find a wide variety of new insights
• almost all want to continue using SAM
61step 5 & 7 - capture/create awareness.
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTRIBUTIONS.
1. A structured method for selecting an appropriate metadata schema
2. The design & evaluation of a metadata generator for the origin of an artist
3. The re-evaluation of a general metadata generation approach
4. The design & evaluation of federated search tool with social recommendations
5. The design & evaluation of visualisations of attention metadata to support awareness and self-reflection.
62
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTRIBUTIONS.
1. A structured method for selecting an appropriate metadata schema
2. The design & evaluation of a metadata generator for the origin of an artist
3. The re-evaluation of a general metadata generation approach
4. The design & evaluation of federated search tool with social recommendations
5. The design & evaluation of visualisations of attention metadata to support awareness and self-reflection.
Ch 8
62
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTRIBUTIONS.
1. A structured method for selecting an appropriate metadata schema
2. The design & evaluation of a metadata generator for the origin of an artist
3. The re-evaluation of a general metadata generation approach
4. The design & evaluation of federated search tool with social recommendations
5. The design & evaluation of visualisations of attention metadata to support awareness and self-reflection.
RQ 3
Ch 8
62
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTRIBUTIONS.
1. A structured method for selecting an appropriate metadata schema
2. The design & evaluation of a metadata generator for the origin of an artist
RQ 3
Ch 8
62
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTRIBUTIONS.
1. A structured method for selecting an appropriate metadata schema
2. The design & evaluation of a metadata generator for the origin of an artist
3. The re-evaluation of a general metadata generation approach
RQ 3
Ch 8
62
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTRIBUTIONS.
1. A structured method for selecting an appropriate metadata schema
2. The design & evaluation of a metadata generator for the origin of an artist
3. The re-evaluation of a general metadata generation approach
RQ 3
RQ 2RQ 2
Ch 8
62
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTRIBUTIONS.
1. A structured method for selecting an appropriate metadata schema
2. The design & evaluation of a metadata generator for the origin of an artist
3. The re-evaluation of a general metadata generation approach
4. The design & evaluation of federated search tool with social recommendations
RQ 3
RQ 2RQ 2
Ch 8
62
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTRIBUTIONS.
1. A structured method for selecting an appropriate metadata schema
2. The design & evaluation of a metadata generator for the origin of an artist
3. The re-evaluation of a general metadata generation approach
4. The design & evaluation of federated search tool with social recommendations
RQ 3
RQ 2RQ 2
RQ 1
Ch 8
62
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTRIBUTIONS.
1. A structured method for selecting an appropriate metadata schema
2. The design & evaluation of a metadata generator for the origin of an artist
3. The re-evaluation of a general metadata generation approach
4. The design & evaluation of federated search tool with social recommendations
5. The design & evaluation of visualisations of attention metadata to support awareness and self-reflection.
RQ 3
RQ 2RQ 2
RQ 1
Ch 8
62
Wednesday 12 September 12
CONTRIBUTIONS.
1. A structured method for selecting an appropriate metadata schema
2. The design & evaluation of a metadata generator for the origin of an artist
3. The re-evaluation of a general metadata generation approach
4. The design & evaluation of federated search tool with social recommendations
5. The design & evaluation of visualisations of attention metadata to support awareness and self-reflection.
RQ 3
RQ 2RQ 2
RQ 1
RQ 4
Ch 8
62
Wednesday 12 September 12
publications.
http://dailypracticeblog.com/how-paper-claims-will-be-impacted-by-5010/ 63
Wednesday 12 September 12
domain steps RQ conf. publication
music
define, create, utilise
(RQ1, RQ3) ISMIR’06 Govaerts, Sten; Corthaut, Nik; Duval, Erik. Moody tunes: the rockanango project
music
create (RQ2) ISMIR’07 Govaerts, Sten; Corthaut, Nik; Duval, Erik. Mood-ex-machina: towards automation of moody tunes
music defineRQ3 ISMIR’08
Corthaut, Nik; Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; Duval, Erik. Connecting the dots: music metadata generation, schemas and applications
music define
RQ2 ISMIR’09 Govaerts, Sten; Duval, Erik. A Web-based approach to determine the origin of an artist
music
create
RQ2 ISMIR’09 Govaerts, Sten; Duval, Erik. A Web-based approach to determine the origin of an artist
music
create RQ2 ISM’09-WS
Govaerts, Sten; Corthaut, Nik; Duval, Erik. Using search engine for classification: does it still work?
TEL
capture, create
awareness
RQ4 ICWL’10Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; Klerkx, Joris; Duval, Erik. Visualizing activities for self-reflection and awareness
TEL
capture, create
awarenessRQ4 ICWL’11 Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; Duval, Erik. Evaluating the
student activity meter: two case studies
TEL
capture, create
awareness
RQ4 CHI’12Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien, Duval, Erik; Pardo, Abelardo. The Student Activity Meter for Awareness and Self-reflection
TEL
utilise, personalise,
capture
RQ1CSCW’11
-WSGovaerts, Sten; El Helou, Sandy; Duval, Erik; Gillet, Denis. A federated search and social recommendation widget
TEL
utilise, personalise,
capture RQ1 EC-TEL’11Govaerts, Sten; Verbert, Katrien; et al. Towards Responsive Open Learning Environments: the ROLE Interoperability framework
64
Wednesday 12 September 12
period project domain RQ steps pubs.
2005 - 2007
Aristo IWT project 1
music RQ2, RQ3
define, create, (utilise)
ISMIR’06, ISMIR’07, ISMIR’08, ISMIR’09, ISM’09-
WS
2007 - 2009
Aristo IWT project 2
music RQ2, RQ3
define, create
ISMIR’06, ISMIR’07, ISMIR’08, ISMIR’09, ISM’09-
WS
2009 - now ROLE TEL
RQ1, RQ4
utilise, personalise, capture, create
awareness
ICWL’10, ICWL’11, ECTEL’11,
CHI’12
10/2010-12/2010
Research stay at EPFL TEL
RQ1, RQ4
utilise, personalise, capture
CSCW’11-WS
65
Wednesday 12 September 12
somemetrics...
66
Wednesday 12 September 12
CITATIONS PER YEAR.
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
8
15
23
30nu
mbe
r of
cita
tions
year
external citationsself citations
total citations: 72external citations: 49h-index: 6
67
Wednesday 12 September 12
CITATIONS PER YEAR.
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
8
15
23
30
12
23
8
711
6
23
6
3
num
ber
of c
itatio
ns
year
external citationsself citations
total citations: 72external citations: 49h-index: 6
67
Wednesday 12 September 12
CITATIONS PER PAPER.
external citationsself citations
0
4
8
11
15
num
ber
of c
itatio
ns
ISM
IR 2
006
ISM
IR 2
007
ISM
IR 2
008
ISM
IR 2
009
(1)
ISM
IR 2
009
(2)
adM
IRe
2009
IJET
EL 2
010
ICW
L 20
10
SRS
2011
ECT
EL 2
011
EFEP
LE 2
011
ICW
L 20
11
CH
I 201
2
papers68
Wednesday 12 September 12
CITATIONS PER PAPER.
external citationsself citations
0
4
8
11
15
5
9 4
2
9
2
6
1 1
1
6
4
7 2
32
212 2 1
num
ber
of c
itatio
ns
ISM
IR 2
006
ISM
IR 2
007
ISM
IR 2
008
ISM
IR 2
009
(1)
ISM
IR 2
009
(2)
adM
IRe
2009
IJET
EL 2
010
ICW
L 20
10
SRS
2011
ECT
EL 2
011
EFEP
LE 2
011
ICW
L 20
11
CH
I 201
2
papers68
Wednesday 12 September 12
TIME SPENT.
time
1: schemas 2: origin 2: search 4,5&6: search & recomm. 5&7: awareness
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
time per RQ
RQ1 RQ2 RQ3 RQ4
69
Wednesday 12 September 12
TIME SPENT.
time 15% 20% 10% 18% 37%
1: schemas 2: origin 2: search 4,5&6: search & recomm. 5&7: awareness
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
time per RQ 18% 30% 15% 37%
RQ1 RQ2 RQ3 RQ4
69
Wednesday 12 September 12
70
Wednesday 12 September 12
70
Thank you for your attention!Questions?
Wednesday 12 September 12