Executive Summary PART II- RCA Projects Implemented in 2003

PART II - RCA Projects Implemented in 2003

This part describes the significant activities/achievements of the active projects under RCA.

1. Technical Co-operation Among Developing Countries - (RAS/0/025)

Project Status: Active.

Objective:To promote technical co-operation among

developing countries (TCDC) in the nuclear field within the Regional Co-operative Agreement (RCA) Member States and with other regions/regional agreements.

Project Impact:

The project will help to establish a high profile of the RCA in the region as a regional resource community; the capability of RCA Member States will improve to manage the RCA programme; and TCDC will be enhanced within RCA and among the Regional Agreements.

Project duration: 1997-2004

Technical officer: Mr. M.P. Dias

Expert Missions: Mr. M.M.M. Awais (PAK), Mr. N.

Choudhury (BGD), Mr. H.B. Lee and Ms. Mary Tan, at IAEA Headquarters, 27-29 January 2003, to attend the Meeting of RCA Chairpersons.

Mr. A.P. Hayward (NZE), at IAEA Headquarters, 03 February – 14 March 2003, to draft the agreement on mutual recognition schemes for NDT personell.

Mr. M.M.M. Awais (PAK) , at IAEA Headquarters, 24 February – 21 March 2003, for the purpose of consultation for RCA General Conference.

Mr. N. Choudhury (BGD) and Mr. H.S. Karyono (INS), at Wellampitiya, Sri Lanka, 24-28 May 2003, to attend as national consultants.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:There were no meetings / workshops /

training courses and fellowships / scientific visits undertaken during the year.

2. Comparative Assessment of Electricity Generation Options - (RAS/0/028)

Project Status: Completed on 2003-01-30.

Objectives:To equip MSs with tools to carry out

comprehensive comparative studies on the role of different energy resources for countries in the region, develop country-specific databases, utilize Agency planning tools, and assess the role of nuclear power and other energy options in helping to address priority environmental issues in the region (e.g., cost of effects on human health and environment, and air pollution litigation).

Project Impact:At the end of the project, each country will

have developed a country-specific database (CSDB); prepared a final report on its comparative assessment studies; used the results of such studies to support decisions regarding the electricity sector and nuclear power issues; and established a trained team of local experts capable of conducting national comparative assessment studies using Agency planning tools.

Project Duration: 1999-2003-01-30

Technical Officer: Mr. D. T. Bui

Expert MissionsMeetings / Workshops / Training CoursesFellowships / Scientific Visits:There were no expert missions, meetings /

workshops / training courses and fellowships / scientific visits undertaken during the year.

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3. Radiation Protection and Networking - (RAS/0/029)

Project Status: Active. This project is supported by AUL extrabudgetary contribution.

Objectives:To strengthen a sustainable institutional

network, comprised of national nuclear research institutes in the region and end users in the environmental and industrial sectors, with the use of modern information technology and the support of RRUs for relevant technologies; to conduct trials, revise and distribute distant-learning materials on radiation safety practices to end users in RCA MSs; to provide emergency response manuals; and to identify appropriate experts in the region for effective emergency response systems.

Project Impact:Distance-learning material on radiation

practices will be made available to end users and regulators in industry and environment in MSs. Regionally adapted manuals and guidelines following acceptable international standards will be distributed to MSs for training emergency response personnel. MSs will have specialists from emergency response agencies trained in radiological emergency procedures. The materials developed will also be available for use in other regions. The introduction of these learning materials and manuals on the electronic network will help strengthen institutional networking through access by nuclear establishments and end users in the technology sectors.

Project Duration: 1999-2004

Technical Officer: Ms. G. Sadagopan

Expert Missions: Mr. J.F. Easy (AUL) visited Sri Lanka from

25-29 May 2003 to attend National RCA Representative Meeting.

Meetings / Workshops / Training CoursesFellowships / Scientific Visits:

There were no meetings / workshops / training courses and fellowships / scientific visits undertaken during the year.

4. Role of Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions - (RAS/0/033)


Objectives:The overall objective is to help RCA

Member States develop improved capacities for assessing the role of nuclear power and other energy options in addressing priority environmental issues in the region, e.g. cost of effects on human health, environment, and air-pollution mitigation. The current extension of RAS/0/028 will focus on assisting RCA Member States in conducting greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement cost studies.

Project Impact:The project will improve the capabilities of

the participating countries to make sound policy decisions on the future development of their energy options, including nuclear, with due regard to environmental and economic costs. The results of the project will also help Member States prepare for possible negotiations on CDM projects. Ultimately, it is foreseen that CDM could provide a new venue for financial assistance for sustainable development in RCA Member States.


Technical Officer: Mr. D.T. Bui



5. Management of Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries - (RAS/0/035)


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Objectives:To manage TCDC in the nuclear field

within RCA Member States and with other regions/regional agreements; to increase the capability of electronic networking among the Member States to include databases, internet-based distance-learning materials developed previously and to be developed under the RCA programme; to provide support to the management of RCA; and to identify and promote partnership and collaboration with other regional organizations and agreements.

Project Impact:This project will enhance the technical co-

operation among developing countries in the region. More outreach to people who need training in various nuclear technologies will be achieved through e-learning activities. Further regional co-operation will be achieved


Technical Officer: Mr. M.P. Dias

Expert Missions: Mr. P.R.R. Babu Rao (IND), Mr. S. Chong

Ket Min (VIE), Mr.K. Fujimoto (JPN), Mr. H.Liu (CPR), Mr. E.M. Valdezco (PHI) and Mr. D. A. Woods (AUL) visited IAEA in Vienna, Austria from 01-05 December 2003 to identify radiation protection needs in Member States and provide assistance for the activities of radiation protection.

Mr. Kim (ROK, IAEA) visited Okinawa in Japan from 05-07 March 2003 to attend FNCA meeting.

Mr. P. Salema (URT, IAEA), Mr. M.N. Razley (MAL, IAEA), Ms. M. P.L. Tan (MAL, IAEA) and Mr. T. Damdinsuren (MON) visited Colombo in Sri Lanka from 26-28 May 2003 to attend National RCA Representative Meeting.

Mr. N. Choudhury (BGD) visited IAEA in Vienna, Austria from 13-19 September 2003 to attend RCA GC.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:

There were (3) meetings / workshops conducted during the year as follows: Project Meeting to “develop RRU

Database and Nuclear Medicine E-learning System” was held from 19-22 August 2003 in Daejon, Korea. The objective was to finalize the implementation of the Regional Resource Unit Database with completed data. There were 11 participants from MSs, 1 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.

Lead Country Co-ordinators Meeting was held from 04-08 August 2003 at IAEA in Vienna, Austria with 15 participants.

Regional Workshop on “Enhancing Partnership between Member States and the IAEA” was held from 13-17 October 2003 in Malaysia. The objective was to provide the participants with the overall planning concept and approach on TC programme’s and application of TC strategy. There were 22 participants from MSs and 4 IAEA staff.

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:There were (2) scientific visitors during the

year under the project. MAL03038 was sent to IAEA in Vienna

from 19 October - 01 November 2003 to gain knowledge for RCA/Malaysia website development and maintenance and to provide data for RRU database.

PHI03021 was sent to IAEA in Vienna from 10 October - 01 November 2003 to gain knowledge for RCA/Philippines website development and maintenance and to provide data for RRU database.

6. Role of Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options in Competitive Electricity Markets - (RAS/0/038)


Objectives:The primary goal of the project is to: i)

enhance the capabilities of RCA Member States to elaborate sustainable energy strategies, ii) conduct national studies to assess the role of nuclear power and other energy options in competitive electricity markets, and iii) provide


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recommendations on policies and measures that ensure competitive electricity markets function in a manner that is consistent with national objectives for sustainable development.

Project Impact:The social and economic impact would not

immediately be felt as a result of project implementation. However, the results of the project could lead to a national decision on electric system structure. Making specific, technically sound recommendations to the government is a required component of the country work plan. New knowledge and tools acquired through the project will be used to enhance the possibility for Member States to i) enhance capabilities to elaborate sustainable energy strategies; ii) assess the role of nuclear power and other energies in a competitive market; and iii) provide recommendations on policy measures.


Technical Officer: Mr. K.Y. Nam

Expert Missions:None during the year.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There were (1) meeting and (1) training

course conducted during the year as follows: Project Co-ordinators Meeting on “Role of

Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options in Competitive Electricity Markets” was held from 01-04 April 2003 in Manila, Philippines. The purpose was to review the Project for 2001-2002, to formulate the project for 2003-2004 and to discuss the upstream work for 2005-2006. There were 13 participants and 2 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Course on “the Role of Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options in Competitive Electricity Markets” was held from 04-22 August 2003 in Dajeon, Korea. The purpose was to provide the training in the use of IAEA’s new model “MESSAGE”, to discuss the concepts and theory required for incorporating such external factors into energy and power sector analysis and to discuss how to apply

sound judgement about the choice of model and scenario structure. There were 16 participants, 1 local participant and 4 lecturers including 2 IAEA staff.

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:No activities during this year.

7. Disposal of Radioactive Waste from Non-Power Sources - (RAS/4/016)


Objectives:To assist RCA MSs to develop reference

disposal concepts for low- and intermediate-level waste (LILW) from non-power sources; and to establish a regional forum to facilitate sharing of experience and technical co-operation among RCA MSs in order to address long-term safety issues in the region with respect to management of LILW.

Project Impact:Member States will be able to select

repository sites for disposal of radioactive wastes.


Technical Officer: Mr. R. Dayal



8. Improvement of Research Reactor Operation and Utilization - (RAS/4/020)


Objectives:To bring about qualitative and quantitative

improvements in various aspects of research reactor operation and utilization; specifically, to improve information exchange between research


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reactor personnel of Member States in selected priority areas such as aging of research reactors and obsolescence of facilities and components; and to improve the utilization of research reactors and associated facilities through sharing resources and exchange of experiences in the neutron beam application, in-service inspection techniques, and core management technology.

Project Impact:Increased utilization of research reactor in

participating countries will enable them to continue routine income generating activities (e.g., commercial production of radioisotope for medical and industrial services), to contribute to continuous development of human resources, and realize economic gains (e.g., through better core management).


Technical Officer: Mr. S.K. Paranjpe



9. Improvement of Research Reactor Operation and Utilization, Phase II - (RAS/4/022)


Objectives:To bring about qualitative and quantitative

improvements in various aspects of research reactor operation and utilization; specifically, to improve information exchange between research reactor personnel of Member States in selected priority areas such as supply of radioisotopes (RI), safety assessment, instrumentation and control (I&C) of existing and new research reactors, and measurement of reactor parameters.

Project Impact:

The project is mainly aimed at capacity building in interested RCA Member States to

help improve research reactor operation and utilization. It is also expected to increase the capabilities of the participating countries to safely and reliably continue and improve scientific research and technology development at research reactors. It is also expected that social and economic impact will be derived from enhanced RI production, which would make available RI that will be used for diverse applications in the region such as for medical, agricultural, industrial, and environmental uses.


Technical Officer: Mr. S.K. Paranjpe


Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There were (2) meetings/workshops

conducted during the year as follows: Executive Seminar and Project

Coordination Meeting on “Management of Research Reactor Safety” held from 25-29 August 2003 in Sydney, Australia. There were 16 participants and 1 IAEA staff. The purpose of the event was to discuss and share the experience in the area of management of research reactor, to review the work plan for 2003-2004 and to finalize the proposal for 2005-2006.

Regional Workshop on “Production and Supply of Radioisotopes” was held from 06-10 October 2003 in Batan, Indonesia. The objective was to promote and facilitate understanding and cooperation among Member States in the production and supply of radioisotopes e.g. quality standards, packaging and transportation, standard of calibration of instruments and regulation. There were 12 participants from MSs, 1 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:No activities during the year.

10. Improving Animal Productivity and Reproductive Efficiency - (RAS/5/035)


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Objectives:To improve the productivity and

reproductive efficiency of livestock in the East Asia and the Pacific region. The specific objectives are to consolidate and disseminate the use of strategic supplementary feeding using urea molasses multinutrient block (UMMB) and other non-conventional local feed resources; to improve the performance of artificial insemination (AI) services; and to promote better reproductive management by farmers.

Project Impact:The project will result in sustainable

supplementary feeding; improved milk yield, calf feeding practice, and breeding; improved AI service and non-pregnancy/infertility diagnosis; and sustained regional production and supply of reagents for RIA. Overall, it will lead to enhanced income levels of farmers and greater availability of protein to the population.


Technical Officer: Mr. B.M.A.O. Perera (Animal Reproduction) and Mr. H.P.S. Makkar (Animal Nutrition).

Expert Missions: Mr. M. Garcia Podesta (PER) visited

Philippines and Sri Lanka, from 06-17 October 2003 on AIDA database for national management

Mr. H.P.S. Makkar (IND IAEA) visited India, from 01-05 March 2003 as a consultant.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There was (1) training course conducted

during the year as follows: Regional Training Workshop on “Nuclear

and Related Methodologies for Qualification of Tannins in Shrub and Tree Leaves, Agroindustrial By-products and Other New Feed Resources” from 01-13 December 2003 in Pakistan. The purpose of the workshop was to provide training on development, formulation, processing, storage, and nutritional evaluation on

unconventional feed resources such as shrub and tree leaves, agroindustrial by-products and new feed resources. There were 10 participants from MSs, 4 local participants, 1 IEX and 2 IAEA staff.


year under the project. BGD02038 was sent to CPR and PHI

from 21 September-04 October 2003 as a scientific visitor to observe establishment of a biotechnology laboratory and screen/green-house.

PAK01060 was sent to GER and UK from 14 September-04 October 2003 as a scientific visitor to observe vitro gas method and microbial protein determination using purine as a marker, kinetics of fermentation using the gas and in sacco method.

THA03001 was sent to FRA and UK from 13 July-02 August 2003 as a scientific visitor to observe procedures involved in the production of monoclonal antibodies to steroid hormones, including immunization, cell hybridisation, selection of clones and propagation.

Equipment: There were chemicals and minor

laboratory equipment purchased and distributed to MSs.

11. Mutational Enhancement for Genetic Diversity in Rice - (RAS/5/037)


Objectives:To sustain rice-breeding programmes

through genetic enhancement, leading to increased productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Project Impact:Production of rice with desired

characteristics will continue. Rice-breeding programmes in participating countries will be sustained and improved.


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Technical Officer: Mr. M. Maluszynski

Expert Missions: Mr. T.F. Padolina (PHI) visited IAEA in

Vienna, Austria from 13-24 October 2003 to conduct analysis of data created from regional rice mutant multilocation trials.

Mr. G. C. Eizenga (USA) visited IAEA in Vienna, Austria from 13-24 October 2003 for preparation of final report of RAS/5/037.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:Fellowships:

No activities during this year.

12. Restoration of Soil Fertility and Sustenance of Agricultural Productivity - (RAS/5/039)


Objectives:The overall objective is to develop

improved soil, water, nutrient, and crop management practices while counteracting predominant soil degradation processes like nutrient depletion, soil acidification, and soil erosion in order to increase and sustain crop productivity.

Project Impact:The development of improved soil, crop,

water, and fertilizer management practices and measures to control soil erosion and protect soil/water from pesticide contamination will contribute to sustainable intensification of the agricultural production of the region while conserving the natural resources base. Dissemination through the national extension services and adoption of the recommended farming technologies will help to restore the soil fertility and sustenance of agricultural productivity, providing income generation opportunities, thus contributing to the national economy and socio-economic development of the countries in the region.


Technical Officers: Mr. D.G. Keerthisinghe (soil fertility) and

Mr. F. Zapata (soil erosion).

Expert Missions: Mr. R. J. Loughran (AUL) visited Pakistan

from 20-24 October 2003 on backstopping application Cs-137 technique.

Ms. A. McNeil (AUL) visited Sri Lanka from 17-21 February 2003 on contribution of legume to status of soils in crop rotation.

Meeting / Workshops / Training Courses:There were (1) meeting and (2) training

courses undertaken during the year as follows: Mid-term Review Meeting on “Restoration

of Soil Fertility and Sustenance of Agricultural Productivity (RAS/5/039); Part II. Measuring Soil Erosion / Sedimentation and Associated Pesticide Contamination” was held from 13-17 October 2003 in Indonesia. The objective of the meeting was to review the progress made so far in line with the work plan and specific objectives of the project and future activities. There were 6 participants from MSs, 3 local participants, 1 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Workshop on “Pesticide Contamination Studies at the Landscape Level using Conventional and Radiotracer Techniques” was held from 03-07 March 2003 in Hangzhou, China. The objective was to provide training on all aspects of the application of conventional and selected nuclear techniques to the local staff directly involved in the implementation of the pesticide contamination studies of the project. There were 5 participants from MSs, 3 local participants and 1 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Workshop on “Promising Fertilizer and Crop Residue Management Practices for Sustainable Crop Production in Rice-based Cropping Systems” was held from 20-24 October 2003 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The objective was to discuss various fertilizer and


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residue management practices that are being investigated in the project for identifying promising technologies for sustaining crop production in rice-based cropping systems. There were 10 participants from MSs, 3 local participants and 1 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:There was (1) scientific visitor during the

year under the project. CPR03060 was sent to AUL from 08-22

November 2003 as a scientific visitor to update knowledge on recent developments on the use of fallout radionuclides in soil erosion and sedimentation and related environmental studies.



13. Enhancement of Genetic Diversity in Food, Pulses, and Oil Crops and Establishment of Mutant Germplasm Network - (RAS/5/040)


Objectives:The specific objectives are (i) to use

radiation-induced mutation breeding technology combined with biotechnology to develop improved germplasm of food crops, oil crops, and pulses; and (ii) to establish a Mutant Germplasm Network (MGN) of promising genotypes of selected crops. The mutations will be induced using ion beams, electron beams, and lasers, in addition to gamma radiation and neutrons, in combination with chemical methods and in vitro biotechnology. Biochemical and molecular technologies will be used for improving mutation efficiency.

Project Impact:Desired genetic sources will be obtained to

correct deficient characteristics, and new mutant varieties will be released, which in the long term will increase farmers' income and help the food security of the East Asia and the Pacific region.


Technical Officer: Mr. M. Maluszynski

Expert Missions: No activities during this year.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There were (1) workshop and (2) training

courses held during the year as follows. Regional Workshop on “Reviewing

Results of Regional Mutants Multilocation Trials (RMMT) was held from 27-31 October 2003 in Manila, Philippines. The objective was to review and evaluate the achievements in the implementation of the project, focussing on new mutants/mutant varieties developed under the project and methodology related to the isolation, characterisation, agro-botanical evaluation and genetic analysis of newly obtained radiation induced mutants. There were 14 participants from MSs and 1 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Course on “Application of Induced Mutations and Biothechnology for Crop Improvement” was held from 04-15 August 2003 in Sri Lanka. The purpose was to enhance the capability of scientists to handle the mutated population and utilization of the modern bio-techniques in crop improvement programme. There were 14 participants from MSs, 2 local participants, 3 IEX and 2 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Course on “ Methodology for Multi-location Trials and Selection of Mutants Tolerant Abiotic Stresses” was held for 10-14 November 2003 in India. The objective was to provide young scientists involved in this project with advanced knowledge and skill related to multi-location trials of mutant lines as well as selection methods for mutants tolerant to abiotic stresses. There were 11 participants from MSs, and 1 local participant.



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14. Production of Foot and Mouth Disease Antigen and Antibody ELISA Reagent Kit - (RAS/5/041)


Objectives:The overall objective is the control and

eventual eradication of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in the East Asia and the Pacific region. The specific objectives are to produce enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for antigen and antibody detection at a lower cost than currently commercially available for the diagnosis of FMD; and the development of the capability for diagnosing FMD using ELISA by the FMD national laboratories in the region.

Project Impact:The progressive control of FMD will

enhance livestock development through facilitating the use of improved genetic material, favouring intensification of production systems, thus contributing to the increased production of animal protein to meet food and nutritional security requirements of the growing population. This will also contribute to the subsistence of traditional production systems by safeguarding draught and traction power.


Technical Officer: Mr. J.R. Crowther


Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There was (1) meeting conducted during

the year as follows: Project Formulation and Strategic Planning

Meeting on “Sustainable Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Kit Production in Southeast Asia” was held from 24-28 February 2003 in Geelong, Australia. The purpose was to discuss the planning of the production and distribution of the three kits proposed, particularly on the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and diagnostic strategies including molecular techniques. There

were 13 participants from MSs, 1 IEX and 2 IAEA staff.


15. Application of Food Irradiation for Food Security, Safety and Trade - (RAS/5/042)


Objectives:The overall objective is to improve food

security, food safety, and inter-country trade of food products, by irradiating the products. The specific objectives are to facilitate the expansion of the use of food irradiation in Regional Co-operative Agreement (RCA) countries and to improve international trade in irradiated food within the region through: continued public awareness and acceptance of radiation processing of food and for phytosanitary treatment; conducting inter-country market trials of irradiated food commodities; and training of personnel in specific fields, such as plant operation, maintenance, and microbial safety and phytosanitary requirements.

Project Impact:Successful trade tests of selected irradiated

food items among RCA countries will enhance commercial export of such commodities to other countries. This experience will encourage farmers, food processing companies, and food trade companies to use food irradiation technology, thus reducing post-harvest losses and promoting food safety and security.


Technical Officer: Mr. R. Cabello Ms. W. Tatiana

Expert Missions:No activities during the year.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There were (1) meeting conducted during

the year as follows:


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Project Review and Formulation Meeting on “Application of Food Irradiation for Food Security, Safety and Trade” was held from 20-24 January 2003 in Manila, Philippines. The objective was to review the progress on the implementation of irradiation to enhance the food safety, security and trade and to formulate the action plan for 2003-2004. There were 11 participants from MSs and 2 IAEA staff.


16. Quality Assurance in Radiation Therapy - (RAS/6/027)


Objectives:To promote quality assurance practices in

brachytherapy accompanied by the introduction of new techniques and quality control devices and equipment.

Project Impact:The provision of equipment will result in

the treatment of 75,000 patients during the equipment's lifetime in the less-developed countries, which for cervical cancer could result in saving 37,000 lives of women in reproductive years. The upgrading of QA and introduction of new techniques will result in fewer treatment-related complications and more diseases treated effectively with brachytherapy in all participating countries.


Technical Officer: Mr. F. Pernicka and Mr. B. Vikram

Expert Missions: Mr. H. Tatsuzaki (JPN), at IAEA

Headquarters from 28 February – 28 March 2003 to prepare the RAS/6/027 Final Project Achievement and Summary Report.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:There were no meetings / workshops /

training courses and fellowships / scientific visits undertaken during the year.

17. Nuclear Medicine Applications - (RAS/6/028)

Project Status: Active. The project is funded by extrabudgetary contribution from JPN.

Objectives:To develop a thematic programme on

nuclear medicine applications, specifically addressed to enhancing the capability for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy for cardiovascular diseases; scintimammography, tumour marker assay, and gamma probe application for therapeutic monitoring and management of breast cancer; treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer with I-131, and the management of diabetic nephropathy and liver cancer.

Project Impact:Reduction in morbidity/mortality in

cardiovascular diseases; and improvements in the management of patients with breast cancer, thyroid cancer, liver cancer, and diabetes.


Technical Officer: Mr. A. K. Padhy and Mr. K.K. Solanki

Expert MissionsFellowships / Scientific Visits:None conducted during this year.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There were (1) training course conducted

during the year as follows: Regional Training Workshop on

“Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy using SPECT for Nuclear Medicine Physicians” was held from 24-28 February 2003 in Japan. It was intended to give the lecture on the present state of cardiac nuclear medicine including myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in all RCA countries. There


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were 15 participants from MSs, 2 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.


Equipment: There were chemicals purchased and

distributed to MSs.

18 Distance-assisted Training for Nuclear Medicine Technicians - (RAS/6/029)


Objective:To improve the quality of nuclear medicine

services in RCA countries by raising the standard of basic training for technologists.

Project Impact:The quality of healthcare in the region will

be enhanced by the upgraded and standardized educational qualifications and resultant higher motivation of nuclear medicine technicians. Several countries will be able to conduct their own training programme using the experience and resources already developed.


Technical Officer: Mr. A. K. Padhy and Mr. N. Watanabe

Expert Missions: Mr. E.C.K. Barrenechea (PHI), Mr. U.S.

Bhonsle (IRE), Mr. S.E. Bouyoucef (ALG), MR. M.L. Cabrejas (ARG), Mr. B.F. Hutton (AUL) and Mr. M. Samal (CZR) participated in Experts Group Meeting on evaluation of teaching resources for distance assisted training of nuclear medicine technologists from 28 April-09 May 2003 at IAEA in Austria.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:Fellowships / Scientific Visits:No activities during this year.

19. Distance Education in Radiation Oncology - (RAS/6/033)


Objectives:To prepare and pilot test distance learning

materials in radiation oncology.

Project Impact:The availability of the distance-learning

materials in radiation oncology will fill a long-recognized education gap among radiotherapists and radiographers, enhancing improvements in the management of cancer patients of the region. The potential for enrolling more students with Internet access will increase, thereby reducing the cost of training. Updating of teaching materials will be easy as they are electronically available. The use of a common syllabus for training will also lead towards harmonization of training of radiation oncologists among the three regions.


Technical Officer: Mr. C.V. Levin.

Expert Missions:No activities during this year.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There were (1) meeting held during the

year under the project. Project Coordination Meeting / Advisory

Board Meeting on “Distance Assisted Training in Radiation Oncology” was held from 02-06 June 2003 in Seoul, Korea. The objective was to examine the existing modules, to decide on a strategy to validate these modules in practical context of student usage and to prepare a work plan for implementation over the next two years. There were 11 participants and 1 IAEA staff.


20. LDR and HDR Brachytherapy in Treating Cervical Cancer - (RAS/6/035)


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Objectives:To contribute to the improvement of

knowledge and skills in the treatment of cancer of the cervix. The specific objectives are to promote quality assurance practices in the use of low dose rate (LDR) and high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy machines for the treatment of cancer of the cervix, through training medical physicists in proper treatment planning and the development/harmonization of treatment protocols.

Project Impact:Improved management of patients with

cervical cancer, increased number of patients receiving radiotherapy treatment, and improved survival rate of patients; thus contributing to the national healthcare services.


Technical Officer: Mr. B. Vikram and Mr. F. Pernicka

Expert Missions:No activities during this year.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There were (1) training course held during

the year under the project. ISRO-IAEA/RCA Regional Training

Course on “Evidence-based Radiation Therapy” was held from 06-09 December 2003 in Beijing, China. The course was designed to give an integrated overview of the evidence-based management of cervix and other common cancers in Asia, in particular to acquire knowledge of current alternatives in prevention and diagnosis and skills in critically evaluating treatment protocol and management alternatives covering also the clinical QA requirements for executing these procedures. There were 13 participants from MSs and 2 local participants.


21. Management of Liver Cancer Using Transarterial Radioconjugate Therapy - (RAS/6/036)


Objectives:To reduce morbidity due to cancer and

improve health through therapeutic nuclear medicine. To improve the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by use of transarterial rhenium-188 lipiodol.

Project Impact:The results of this project will have great

impact on the healthcare sector of the region. Radionuclide therapy of inoperable liver cancer using rhenium-188 lipiodol can lead to reduction in morbidity as well as improved management of liver cancer patients.


Technical Officer: Mr. A.K. Padhy

Expert Missions: Mr. F.X. Sundram (SIN) and Mr. M.M.

Saw (MYA) visited Philippines from 08-12 December 2003 to organize a Workshop on Radionuclide Treatment of Liver cancer.


course held during the year under the project. Project Co-ordinators Meeting on

“Management of Liver Cancer Using Trans-arterial Radio-conjugate Therapy” was held from 24-28 March 2003 in Penang, Malaysia. This meeting was combined with RAS/6/039. The purpose was to identify the need of the Member States in this field, to evaluate the most suitable and cost-effective radiopharmaceutical for the purpose and to prepare the detailed work plan for 2003-2004. There were 10 participants from MSs and 1 IAEA staff.


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Regional Training Course on “Interventional Nuclear Medicine for Nuclear Medicine Physicians” was held from 10-14 November 2003 in New Delhi, India, combined with RAS/6/039.


22. Quality Assurance for Treatment of Liver Cancer Using Transarterial Radiotherapy - (RAS/6/037)


Objectives:To promote quality assurance in the use of

radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer of the cervix through training of medical staff in proper treatment techniques and the development/harmonization of treatment protocols, and to increase awareness among medical professionals, policy makers, and the general public on the importance and effectiveness of radiation oncology.

Project Impact:Healthcare and management of patients

with cancer of cervix will be improved. A greater awareness among medical professionals, policy makers, and the general public on the importance and effectiveness of radiation oncology will be achieved.


Technical Officer: Mr. B. Vikram

Expert Missions:None during this year.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There was (1) training course held during

the year under the project. Regional Training Course on “Clinical and

Technological Aspects of Radiotherapy for Uterine Cervix Cancer” was held from 01- 05 December 2003 in Maebashi and Chiba, Japan. The objective was to present lectures and/or hands-on demonstrations

about aspects of teletherapy and brachytheraphy, as well as surgery, pathology, imaging, chemotherapy and molecular biology of uterine cervix cancer. There were 17 participants from MSs, 5 local participants and 1 IAEA staff.


23. Strengthening Medical Physics through Education and Training - (RAS/6/038)


Objectives:The objectives of this project are to

improve medical physics capability and capacity in the region through the establishment of regional approaches on education and training of medical physicists; and to improve and upgrade safe operating practices and technical standards in the region through the establishment of a common quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) programme.

Project Impact:An improvement in the quality of

education and training for medical physicists will not only improve the quality of service available but it will also enhance their professional status. This is important if healthcare providers are to attract and maintain a competent workforce. The project will provide teaching resources that can be used for development of further education and training programmes. The medical physicists trained within the project will have the potential to provide improved in-house capabilities to enhance services and provide valuable resources for future development.


Technical Officer: Mr. F. Pernicka

Expert Missions:None during this year.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:


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There were (1) meeting and (1) training course held during the year under the project. Project Coordination Meeting on

“Strengthening Medical Physics in Asia & Pacific Region” was held from 31 March-04 April 2003. The purpose was to present the status of medical physics in their countries, to update the work plan for 2003-2004, to decide nominations into task groups on radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and diagnostic radiology and to suggest institutions to be included in pilot studies. There were 10 participants from MSs, 1 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Workshop on the “Implementation of the International Code of Practice for Radiotherapy Dosimetry, IAEA TRS-398” was held from 17-21 November 2003 in Chiangmai, Thailand. The purpose of the workshop was to provide participants with the information on the implementation of the new international code of practice for radiotherapy dosimetry, IAEA TRS-398, based on absorbed dose to water standards. There were 11 participants from MSs, 3 local participants, 2 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.


24. Use of Radiosynovectomy in the Management of Patients Suffering from Painful Joint Disorders - (RAS/6/039)


Objectives:To improve the treatment of painful joint

disorders, such as haemophilic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, using radiocolloids for radiosynovectomy.

Project Impact:The quality of life of patients suffering

from chronic joint pain due to rheumatoid arthritis or haemophilia will be enhanced. Human resource capabilities in the RCA Member States will be improved with the expansion of services and radiopharmaceuticals.


Technical Officer: Mr. F. Pernicka

Expert Missions: Mr. J. Bomanji and Mr. C.A. Hoefnagel

visited Pakistan from 21-23 October 2003 on current trends in radiopharmaceuticals.


course held during the year under the project. Project Co-ordinators Meeting on

“Management of Liver Cancer Using Trans-arterial Radio-conjugate Therapy” was held from 24-28 March 2003 in Penang, Malaysia. This meeting was combined with RAS/6/036. The purpose was to identify the need of the Member States in this field, to evaluate the most suitable and cost-effective radiopharmaceutical for the purpose and to prepare the detailed work plan for 2003-2004. There were 12 participants from MSs, 1 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Course on “Interventional Nuclear Medicine for Nuclear Medicine Physicians” was held from 10-14 November 2003 in New Delhi, India, combined with RAS/6/036. The objective was to train nuclear medicine physicians in interventional nuclear medicine in the fields of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine, with specific emphasis on the treatment of liver cancer and painful joint diseases. There were 17 participants from MSs, 4 local participants, 4 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.


25. Quality Assurance in Radiation Sterilization of Tissue Graft - (RAS/7/008)


Objectives:


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To improve the quality assurance systems of participating tissue banks in the region; to train additional human resources through the use of a distance-learning curriculum developed in previous cycles; and to raise public awareness of tissue donation and acceptance.

Project Impact:Sustained network of tissue banks in

participating countries will ensure continued availability of radiation-sterilized tissues to be used for burns, leprosy treatment, orthopaedic transplants, and other applications. A study in 2000 indicated that the Agency’s assistance amounting to about $5.3 million had resulted in the production of tissue grafts in Member States amounting to $36.7 million, or a 7-fold benefit. This is expected to continue in the future with reduced cost of grafts. Additional trained personnel would be able to conduct national training courses using the multimedia curriculum. Improved public professional awareness will increase the pool of donors, supporting a continuous tissue graft supply and the increased use of sterilized tissues for medical applications. Additional tissue banks are also expected to be established in participating countries, contributing to the improved healthcare in the region.


Technical Officer: Mr. J.H. Hendry



26. Enhancing the Sustainability of the Marine Coastal Environment - (RCA/7/011)


Objectives:In general, this project will enhance the

quality of life in the coastal zone through the application of nuclear techniques in addressing

problems associated with ameliorating effects of historical pollution and minimizing impact of effluent released in coastal zone. The specific objectives are to update and maintain the Asia Pacific Marine Radioactivity Database (ASPAMARD); discern organic sources of pollution using stable isotope measurement and classifying pollutant loadings; and support Member States to incorporate receptor binding assay (RBA) with suitable quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) systems in their national monitoring programme.

Project Impact:In the short term, the availability of a

reference database on marine radioactivity can be a guide in the development of eco-touristic coastal zone areas. Successful results in understanding the behaviour and fate of organic pollutants as well as naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in selected sites would lead to (a) better awareness of their impact, (b) triggering actions by concerned authorities to mitigate any negative impact of current practices that lead to such pollution, and (c) wider applications of the technique in other areas. The use of RBA will improve the HAB warning system and monitoring of HABs, thereby minimizing, if not avoiding, the onset of deadly episodes that could lead to human illness.


Technical Officer: Mr. S.W. Fowler and Ms. F. Boisson

Expert Missions: Mr. E.B. Duran was assigned from 24

November-19 December 2003 in Vienna, Austria to make revision and extension of Asia and the Pacific marine radioactivity database.

Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There was (1) meeting held during the year

under the project. Project Formulation Meeting on

“Enhancement of the Marine Coastal Environment (Phase II)” was held from 03-07 March 2003 in Australia, combined with RAS/8/076. The objective was to


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review and assess the present status and national progress made since 2000 and to design a specific programme and work plan for 2003-2004. There were 17 participants, 4 IEX and 2 IAEA staff.


27. Diagnosing Osteoporosis Using Nuclear Techniques - (RAS/7/012)


Objectives:To increase early detection and treatment

for osteoporosis. In particular, to enhance early diagnosis of osteoporosis and introduce preventive nutritional approaches to mitigate loss of bone mineral density (BMD).

Project Impact:Enhanced understanding of the onset of

osteoporosis will help the counterparts to design preventive approaches based on nutritional interventions. Reduced health care costs due to decreased incidence of osteoporosis will save the health sectors funding.


Technical Officer: Mr. G.V. Iyengar


Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There was (1) meeting held during the year

under the project. Expert Advisory Group Meeting on

Diagnosing Osteoporosis was held from 20-24 January 2003 in Hong Kong, CPR. There were 7 participants and 1 IAEA staff.


28. Improved Information about Urban Air Quality Management - (RCA/7/013)


Objectives:To obtain a sufficiently large set of high-

quality regional data characterizing airborne particulate matter (APM) in the fine and coarse breathable modes such that (i) a regional database can be developed that contains selected data characterizing the aerosols in the region; (ii) advanced receptor models can be employed to provide more detailed and accurate descriptions of the types and locations of pollution sources; and (iii) the effectiveness of actions taken by participating countries to reduce the concentrations and impact of particulate pollution can be assessed.

Project Impact:The project will allow Member States to

continue to carry out trend analysis on the accumulated multi-element data. The expanded database to be developed will be used to examine a number of additional aspects of the air pollution problem in the region, including likely sources of transboundary transport and better estimates of the influence of distant transboundary sources of the airborne particles at the receptor site. Moreover, the results of the project will be used for an initial accountability assessment of the effectiveness of air quality management programmes that are being initiated in a number of the Member States.


Technical Officer: Mr. A. Markowicz


Meetings / Workshops / TrainingThere were (1) meeting and (1) training

course held during the year under the project. Progress Assessment Meeting to Review

and Evaluate the Analytical Data in Support of Urban Air Quality Management was held from 10-14 November 2003 in Bangkok, Thailand. The purpose was to to


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review and assess the progress and achievements, to identify major technical problems and to update the work plan for 2004 and 2005-2006. There were 13 participants, 2 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Workshop on “Data Validation for Airborne Particulate Data” was held from 13-17 October 2003 in Mumbai, India. The purpose was to provide the participants with an understanding of data validation approaches and to familiarise them with the data validation methods. There were 14 participants, 4 local participants and 4 IEX.

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:There were (2) fellowships and (1)

scientific visitor during the year under the project. MAL02011 was sent to SIN from 01-30

June 2003 as a fellowship to have OJT on interpretation and statistical evaluation of the results of analysis by PIXE method.

VIE02042 was sent to ROK from 01 June-30 August 2003 as a fellowship to conduct OJT in chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere and techniques for determination of source profiles and emission inventories etc.

VIE01034 was sent to THA from 09-22 February 2003 as a scientific visitor to learn ion chromatography for cations and anions in airborne particulate matter collected on polycarbonate filters.

29. Better Management of Environment and Industrial Growth - (RAS/8/076)


Objectives:(1) To promote routine use of radiation and

isotopic techniques to meet regional needs in environmental management and enhance industrial performance and competitiveness, with particular emphasis on cleaner and more energy-efficient production processes and on reducing marine and air pollution. (2) To produce, test, and disseminate distance-learning material suitable for end users on radiation safety

practices and to identify and train a core of specialists from emergency response agencies throughout the region in radiological emergency procedures and mitigation. (3) To develop a sustainable institutional network comprising the national nuclear research institutes in the region and the end users of the technology in the environmental and industrial sectors, including the use of modem information technology and the support of RRUs.

Project Impact:MSs will further develop their capability to

manage the sustainable exploration of marine and fresh water resources and to protect air quality. Introduction of efficient production processes will reduce potential environmental degradation due to industrial activity and contribute to overall socio-economic development.


Technical Officer: Mr. S. Fowler, Ms. F. Boisson, Mr. G.V. Iyengar, Mr. A. Markowicz, Mr. J.V. Turner, Mr. M. Kemppainen, Mr. A.G. Chmiielewski and J.H. Jin

Meetings / Workshops:There were (1) meeting held during the

year under the project as follows: Final Project Review Meeting on Nuclear

Techniques to Address HAB Concerns hosted by Malaysia from 03-07 March 2003. The meeting was aimed to review and assess the present status and national progress made so far in the enhancing the marine coastal environment, combined with RAS/7/011, the succeeding project of RAS/8/076. There were 18 participants from MSs, 2 NEX and 2 IAEA staff.

Expert MissionsTraining CoursesFellowships / Scientific Visits:No activities undertaken during this year.

30. Isotopic and Related Techniques to Assess Air Pollution - (RAS/8/082)



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Objectives:To assess and compare air pollution levels

in strategically chosen areas in the region through the use of nuclear and complementary analytical techniques; to identify and quantify critical air pollution sources; and to accumulate accurate air pollution data for future work on transboundary movement of airborne particulate matter (APM).

Project Impact:The sources of pollution at the chosen sites

will be identified and apportioned. A database on pollution levels in the participating MSs will be created. A large number of staff trained for analytical work and data interpretation, and sustainable end user partnerships will be established. Sampling sites have been established in the participating countries and data collection has begun.


Technical Officer: Mr. A. Markowicz and Mr. G.V. Iyengar





31. Management of Marine Coastal Environmental Pollution - (RAS/8/083)


Objectives:To promote the routine use of radiation

and isotopic techniques to meet regional needs in environmental management and in industrial performance and competitiveness, with particular emphasis on reducing marine pollution; to apply integrated numerical modelling and tracer

techniques to priority areas of sustainable development in the coastal zone.

Project Impact:Using numerical modelling codes, Member

States will be able to address problems associated with harbour or estuary development and offshore effluent dispersion. Essential networking between end users and the nuclear institute in each country will also be established.


Technical Officers: Mr. S. W. Fowler, Mr. J. Turner, and Ms. F. Boisson.

Expert Missions: Mr. C.A. Hughes (AUL) visited

Philippines from 24-27 February 2003 on consolidation of marine sediment transport modelling capability.

Meetings / Workshops / Training CoursesFellowships / Scientific Visits:There were no activities undertaken during

the year.

32. Isotope Use in Managing and Protecting Drinking Water - (RAS/8/084)


Objectives:To promote the routine use of isotopic

techniques in addressing the problem of fresh drinking water supply in MSs; and to develop and verify groundwater flow and pollutant transport models for selected aquifer systems in developing countries.

Project Impact:The project will provide numerical

markers of aquifer systems which will be used by planners and decision makers to improve the management and protection of water resources in their respective areas. The participating countries will have developed capabilities to undertake investigations of hydrological systems in their respective regions using the techniques acquired


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from this project, thus contributing to solving the problem of fresh drinking water supply.


Technical Officer: Mr. J. Turner

Expert Missions: Mr. M.I. Sajjad (PAK) visited Indonesia

from 10-28 February 2003 to identify and repair operational fault with SIRA 9/HP86B stable isotope mass spectrometer.

Meetings / Workshops / Training CoursesFellowships / Scientific Visits:There were no activities undertaken during

the year.

Equipment: There was minor laboratory equipment

purchased and distributed to MSs.

33. Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation - (RAS/8/085)

Project Status: Active. This project is mainly funded by JPN extrabudgetary contribution.

Objectives:To increase the number of Level III non-

destructive testing (NDT)-certified personnel; to consolidate the training and certification system of NDT personnel through fabricating NDT test pieces, and holding model examinations and proficiency tests; and to extend NDT technology to the testing of concrete structures such as buildings and bridges.

Project Impact:As a result of the project, additional Level III

personnel who can provide support to the national certification schemes in their respective countries will be trained and certified. Countries in the region will be able to fabricate test pieces for their training and certification needs. NDT technology will be extended to the testing of concrete structures such as buildings and bridges. The project will help ensure the sustainability of NDT applications, and harmonize the accreditation of NDT laboratories.


Technical Officer: Mr. I. Einav


Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There was (1) training course held during

the year as follows. Regional Training Course on “Accreditation

of NDT Laboratories as per ISO 17025” was held from 15-19 December 2003 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The purpose was to provide basic knowledge and practical exercises to implement the requirements of the ISO 17025 standard in modern NDT laboratories and to assist in promoting mutual recognition of NDT certifications between Member States. There were 15 participants from MSs, 5 local participants and 2 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:There were no activities undertaken during

the year.

34. Radiotracers/Sealed Sources/Nucleonic Gauges in Industry - (RAS/8/086)


Objectives:To apply radiotracer and radio gauging

techniques to the petroleum, precious mineral ore processing and wastewater treatment industries through national events, expert missions, and national executive seminars; and to train scientists and engineers in the use of radiotracer and sealed-source techniques in process optimization in these industries through regional training events. To upgrade the capability of radiotracing and radio gauging groups in RCA developing countries, consolidate and systematize existing know-how, and extend the use of new techniques and applications.

Project Impact:End users and industrialists in selected

industries will be applying radiotracers and


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radiogauging techniques to solve problems; at least four scientists and four end-user engineers in each participating country will be trained in process optimization in the selected industries. The manuals and software developed through the project as well as these activities will contribute to upgrading industrial and mineral production.


Technical Officer: Mr. J. Thereska



35. Radiation Processing Applications for Agrowaste - (RAS/8/087)


Objectives: To demonstrate the technical feasibility of

using radiation processing technology to convert agrowastes into useful products, modify properties of indigenous chitin/chitosan for developing useful health products, and reduce pollution levels by electron beam irradiation of pulp in viscose rayon production.

Project Impact: The project will lead to activities which

help mitigate environmental pollution and upgrade waste materials into value-added products. Selected agrowastes will be successfully converted into useful animal feed. Technical feasibility of producing hydrogels from chitin/chitosan through radiation cross-linking, and the reduction of pollution by electron beam treatment of pulp for viscose rayon production will be demonstrated.


Technical Officer: Mr. A. G. Chmielewski

Expert Missions

Meetings / Workshops / Training CoursesFellowships / Scientific Visits:There were no expert missions, meetings /


36. Optimisation of Mineral Resources Recovery Using Low Radioactivity Portable Nucleonic Gauges - (RAS/8/089)


Objectives:To demonstrate safe use of nucleonic

control system (NCS) technology for solving optimization problems in mineral recovery and to share this safer technology among RCA Member States.

Project Impact:The adoption of the low radioactivity

portable gauges NCS technology in mineral industries should produce immediate economic advantages to the participating Member States and contribute to the increased use of nuclear technology through the use of lower levels of ionizing radiation. The decision makers and executives in appropriate target industries and associated planning agencies (both government and non-government) will be well informed about the practical, technical, and economic benefits of this advanced NCS technology.


Technical Officer: Mr. J. Thereska



37. Upgrading Natural Polymers and Environment Conservation Through Radiation Processing - (RAS/8/090)



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Objectives:To demonstrate the production of useful

products from indigenous natural polymers; to produce value-added products; and to increase the use of indigenous natural polymers through the use of radiation processing.

Project Impact:By controlling irradiation time and

conditions, plant promoters will be produced from chitin/chitosan, carrageenan, and alginate, fruit preservative from chitin/chitosan, viscose rayon from cellulose pulp, and hydrogel from polysaccharides and some support materials. In addition to producing these products, the environmental problems arising from conventional technologies will be reduced.


Technical Officer: Mr.A.G. Chmielewski

Expert Missions: Mr. T. Nakano (JPN) attended the 25th

RCA National Representative Meeting from 26-28 May 2003 in Sri Lanka.

Meetings/Workshops/Training Courses:Fellowships / Scientific Visits:No activities conducted during this year.

38. Process Diagnostics and Optimization in Petrochemical Industry - (RAS/8/091)


Objective:The overall objective is to upgrade the

regional capability for online troubleshooting and process control in petroleum/chemical industries using isotope techniques, such as non-destructive testing (NDT), radiotracers, and sealed sources. The specific objectives are to achieve a capability for NDT, thin layer activation (TLA), corrosion detection in petrochemical plants, tomography of columns, and advanced scanning; and to achieve a capability for measuring residence time distribution (RTD) with the right tracers for troubleshooting and process control.

Project Impact:

The establishment of regional standards for qualification and certification of radiotracer specialists will improve their competence and quality of work. The project activities will promote self-reliance, income generation, and will enable the RCA Member States to maximize their contribution to the national industry sector using available expertise and infrastructure.


Technical Officer: Mr. J. Thereska, Mr. J.H. Jin and Mr. I. Einav

Expert Missions: Mr. J. Tu (CPR) visited Korea from 14-

18 April 2003 to give lectures on computer dynamic educational package.

Mr. J-H Jin (ROK) visited Pakistan from 26 May-04 June 2003 regarding applications of thin layer activation technique for monitoring piston ring wear and corrosion.

Meetings/Workshops/Training Courses:There were (1) meeting and (1) training

course held during this year under the project as follows: Expert Group Meeting on “Quality

Control and Accreditation in Radioisotope Applications in Petroleum / Chemical Industries” was held from 27-30 October 2003 in Bangkok, Thailand. The objective was to discuss and prepare guidelines on procedures, protocol and recommendations to improve thequality of work in petroleum/chemical industry so as to be more acceptable by end users. There were 11 participants from MSs, and 1 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Worksop on “Tracers in Oil Field Investigations” was held from 03-14 March 2003 in India. The objective was to share experience in tracer technology as applied to oil fields and gain experience in new development in tracer experimental design, data processing and interpretation. There were 20 participants from MSs and 1 lecturer.

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:


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There were no activities during this year.



39. Investigating Environment and Water Resources in Geothermal Areas - (RAS/8/092)


Objectives:To strengthen the mechanism which has

been established under RAS/8/075 for promoting technology transfer and to sustain collaborative efforts on the use of isotope and geochemical techniques in investigating the impacts of geothermal development on the environment and water resources.

Project Impact:The project will contribute to sustain the

regional collaboration for which a network has already been established; to pursue common areas of activities that could jointly be undertaken thereby strengthening the impact of the results, particularly as this relates to TCDC; and new geothermal fields will be tapped for national use, providing continued supply geothermal resources for its many uses.


Technical Officer: Mr. Z. Pang

Expert Missions: Mr. H. Armannsson (ICE) visited Vienna,

Austria from 28 April-02 May 2003 as to standard procedures manual for chemical analysis of geothermal water samples.

Mr. Z. Pang (CPR, IAEA) visited Philippines from 10-14 March 2003 as a consultant.

Meeting/Workshops/Training Courses:There was (1) training course during the

year under the project as follows:

Regional Training Course on “Chemical Analysis of Geothermal Water and Gases” was held from 10 March- 04 April 2003 in Philippines. The purpose was to provide lectures and hands-on training to chemists in the chemical and isotopic analysis of geothermal water and gas samples and to expose them to the geothermal applications of the various analytical parameters through field visit. There were 6 participants from MSs.

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:There were no activities during this year.



40. Use of Isotopes in Dam Safety and Dam Sustainability - (RAS/8/093)


Objectives:To promote the use of environmentally

safe isotope techniques in the operation and management of dams and reservoirs; and to draw up a strategy for adaptation and transfer of technology to the end users.

Project Impact:The project will lead to routine use of

nuclear techniques to supplement other conventional technology in dam management to maintain efficiency of dam and reservoir operations, along with savings in cost of maintenance.


Technical Officer: Mr. B.G. Wallin

Expert Missions: Mr. U.S. Kumar (IND) visited Thailand

and Vietnam from 03-14 November 2003 to conduct a follow-up to review work performed and data collected on isotope tracers in dam leakages and sustainability.


22

Mr. B.G. Wallin visited Sri Lanka from 23-26 July 2003 as a consultant.

Meetings/Workshops/Training Courses:There were (1) meeting held during the

year under the project. Project Final Coordination / Assessment

Meeting on “Use of Isotopes in Dam Safety and Dam Sustainability” was held from 15-19 December 2003 at IAEA in Vienna, Austria. The objective was to assess what has been achieved in the implementation of the application of isotopes techniques, focussing on isotope applications to reservoir water balance and information exchange system over the Internet on dam leakage and dam safety. There were 17 participants from MSs.


year under the project. MAL02027 was sent to SAF as a

scientific visitor from 19 January-01 February 2003 to observe isotope techniques to be used in the dam safety program.

PAK02063 was sent to AUL as a scientific visitor from 13-26 July 2003 to observe new techniques for field sampling of isotopes and data interpretation.

Equipment: Minor laboratory equipment were

purchased and distributed to MSs.

41. Optimisation of Materials in Industry Using Online Bulk Analysis Techniques - (RAS/8/094)


Objectives:To train key personnel and demonstrate the

use of advanced nucleonic control system (NCS) gauges for in situ, online, and off-belt bulk analysis of minerals at the regional and national level; to inform and demonstrate to appropriate decision-makers and executives (both government and non-government) the practical,

technical, and economic benefits of implementing NCS technology; and through regional demonstration centers, to provide specialized training for key researchers and projected end-users in the use of the technology.

Project Impact:The introduction of the technology has

been shown to have immediate economic benefits and that online quality control can be increased through use of bulk analysis instrumentation. This improved quality control could reduce risk and possibility of public health problems from poor quality control in processing.


Technical Officer: Mr. J. Thereska, Mr. J.H. Jin

Expert Missions: Mr. J. Chabucinski (AUL) visited China

from 13-17 October 2003 to introduce and demonstrate the PGNAA logging technique for coal mining.

Meetings/Workshops/Training Courses:There was (1) training course held during

the year under the project.

Regional Training Workshop on “Application of Portable Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation (PGNAA) Borehole Logging Technique for Coal and Metalliferous Mining” was held from 22-27 September 2003 in Vietnam. The objective was to demonstrate and train participants in using portable PGNAA spectrometric nucleonic gauges in borehole logging for coal characterization. There were 10 participants from MSs and 4 local participants and 3 IEX.


Equipment: Spectrometric PGNAA borehole logging

system for coal and mining was procured and distributed to MS.


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42. Improving Regional Capacity for Assessment, Planning and Response to Aquatic Environment Emergencies - (RAS/8/095)

Project Status: Active. The project is funded by extrabudgetary contribution from AUL.

Objectives:To improve the regional capacity for the

management of aquatic environmental risks and to develop capacity in the RCA countries to assess, plan, and respond to pollution in coastal aquatic environments.

Project Impact:The project will enhance the regional and

national ability to assess, plan, and respond to aquatic environmental emergencies and therefore reduce the risks to the economic well-being and health of communities in the region. The trans-boundary nature of the problems being addressed underlines the need for a regional response.


Technical Officer: Mr. J.V. Turner


Meetings/Workshops/Training Courses:There were (1) meeting held during the

year under the project. Project Formulation Meeting on

“Improving Regional Capacity for Assessment, Planning and Responding to Aquatic Environmental Emergencies” was held from 21-25 July 2003 in Sydney, Australia. The objective was to review the present status in the assessment of aquatic radiological and environmental emergencies, to identify major technical problems to be solved and to develop plan for implementation of the project. There were 12 participants from MSs and 2 IAEA staff.

Fellowships / Scientific Visits:

There were no activities during this year.

43. Modification of Natural Polymers through Radiation Processing - (RAS/8/096)


Objectives:To demonstrate the production of useful

products from indigenous natural polymers; and to increase the use of indigenous natural polymers through the use of radiation processing.

Project Impact:Successful commercialisation of products

using radiation processed natural polymers will improve use of the natural polymers while contributing to development efforts in selected applications in agriculture, health, and environmental sector.


Technical Officer: Mr. A.G. Chmielewski


Meetings/Workshops/Training Courses:There were (1) workshop and (1) training

course held during the year under the project. Regional Workshop on “Radiation

Processing of Natural Polymers for Healthcare Application” was held from 03-07 November 2003 in Mumbai, India. The purpose was to discuss the outcome of various projects undertaken by Member States, to develop methodology for production of hydrogels from natural polymer by using radiation and to demonstrate the application of the irradiated natural polymer for healthcare. There were 10 participants from MSs, 4 local observers, 1 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.


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Regional Training Course on “Application of Radiation Processed Natural Polymers” was held from 08-13 December 2003 in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. The purpose was to demonstrate the application of irradiated products for agriculture, healthcare and absorbent and to disseminate knowledge enabling participants to plan application of the technology based on the local raw natural materials utilization. There were 11 participants from MSs, 2 local participants and 2 IEX.


44. Isotope Techniques for Groundwater Contamination Studies in Urbanized and Industrial Areas - (RAS/8/097)


Objectives:To assess, manage, and prevent further

degradation of groundwater quality in selected urbanized and industrial areas, and to promote the use of isotope hydrology techniques in addition to conventional techniques (hydrogeological, chemical, and biological) for study of pollutant behaviour and contaminant transport in groundwater systems.

Project Impact:Understanding of the pollution sources and

vulnerability of the aquifer in the selected sites will enable decision makers to develop and manage water pollution control policies and strategies.


Technical Officer: Mr. K.M. Kulkarni


Meetings/Workshops/Training Courses:There were (1) meeting and (1) training

course held during the year under the project.

Project Planning Meeting on “Isotope Techniques for Groundwater Contamination Studies in Urbanized and Industrial Areas” was held from 31 March-04 April 2003 in Jakarta, Indonesia. The purpose was to further develop and finalise detailed work plans, identifying the unifying regional technical themes of common concern to the RCA region and necessary training requirements in support of programme. There were 12 participants from MSs, 1 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Course on “Application of Isotope and Geochemical Techniques in Groundwater Contamination Studies” was held from 08-19 December 2003 in Jakarta, Indonesia. The purpose was to provide participating young professionals with adequate practical training in methodologies for isotope data interpretation and geochemical modelling for groundwater contamination studies. There were 13 participants from MSs, 4 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.


45. Harmonisation of Radiation Protection - (RAS/9/018)


Objective:To harmonize and further enhance the

radiation protection infrastructure in support of industrial activities and health services in the region.

Project Impact:The project will contribute to the enhanced

radiation protection infrastructure in RCA Member States with improved regulatory regime of practices, thus reducing the number of incidents involving radiological exposures and increasing public confidence in nuclear applications



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Technical Officer: Mr. B. Djermouni and Mr. K. Mrabit

Expert Missions: Mr. H.S. Dang (IND) from 19 May-18 June

2003 and Mr. H. Kawamura (JPN) and Mr. R. Parr (UK) from 19-23 May 2003, visited IAEA in Vienna, Austria to complete the final report.


courses held during the year as follows. Final Project Committee Meeting on

“Harmonization of Radiation Protection” was held from 17-21 February 2003 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The meeting was to discuss the overall achievements of the project, to identify problems and constraints encountered and proposed solutions and to prepare a final project report. There were 19 participants from MSs and 1 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Workshop on “Environmental Impact and Assessment Modelling” was held from 13-17 October 2003 in Malaysia. The objective was to standardize the approach and methodology for radioactive liquid and gaseous effluent monitoring besides to standardize dose assessment of the related effluents. There were 12 participants from MSs, 3 local participant and 1 IAEA staff.

Regional Training Course on “Assessment of Occupational Exposure due to Intakes of Radionuclides” was held from 20-31 October 2003 in Mumbai, India. The objective was to provide training in principle concepts, methods and equipment used for dose assessment of internal exposure to ionising radiation, with emphasis on application to occupational radiation protection. There were 15 participants from MSs, 5 local participants and 3 IEX.

Regional Training Course on “Radiation Protection and Safety in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology” was held from 17-21 November 2003 in Mumbai, India. The purpose was to provide participants with specialized training on the safety

requirements of the BSS, as well as in organizing and implementing a radiation protection programme to comply with these requirements in the practice of diagnostic and interventional radiology. There were 12 participants from the MSs, 1 local participant, 1 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.


46. Environmental Radiation Monitoring and Regional Database - (RAS/9/024)


Objectives:To strengthen environmental radiation

monitoring capability and to establish a regional environmental radiation monitoring database.

Project Impact:Enhanced capability of participating

Member States to measure environmental radioactivity. The database can be used by Member States for planning activities involving radioactivity, and the electronic network will improve co-ordination and co-operation within the region.


Technical Officer: Mr. T. Cabianca and Mr. K.I.W. Burns

Expert MissionsMeetings / Workshops / Training CoursesFellowships / Scientific Visits:There were no activities this year under the

project.

47.Harmonization of Radiation Protection, Phase IV - (RAS/9/029)


Objectives:The overall objective is to achieve a

strengthened radiation protection environment in


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RCA Member States. This is being realized through a balance of measures addressing a wide range of enhancements from improvements in legislation and regulatory control regimes, consistent with the requirements of the International Basic Safety Standards (BSS); to upgrade the knowledge and experience of medical and industrial personnel working with ionizing radiation as well as to further improve the control and safe use of radiation sources, including emergencies from accidents or from terrorist threats. There is also a need for phase IV to address additional factors introduced through the progressive introduction of new equipment and new technology.

Project Impact:The project will contribute to the

establishment of an improved radiological safety environment in the region through the establishment of enhanced regulatory systems and practices as well as an enhanced response and preparedness capability for any radiological emergencies. These improvements and upgrades in capability and capacity will contribute to enhancing public confidence about the application and use of nuclear techniques.


Technical Officer: Mr. B. Djermouni and Mr. P.A. O’Donnell


Meetings / Workshops / Training Courses:There were (1) training course held during

the year as follows. Regional Training Course on “Radiation

Protection and Safety in Radiotherapy” was held from 09-19 December 2003 in Taejon, Korea. The course was intended to develop national sustainable and training system on radiation protection and safety in radiotherapy departments in participating Member States. There were 17 participants, 4 IEX and 1 IAEA staff.



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Technology

Executive Summary PART II- RCA Projects Implemented in 2003