Educacion Y Tic (Robert Kozma)

ICT, Education Reform, and Economic DevelopmentDr. Robert Kozma | April 2008 | Santiago, Chile

ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA

Economic Development RationaleEconomic Development Rationale

Many countries are using an economic development Many countries are using an economic development rationale to justify the planned use of ICT in schools:rationale to justify the planned use of ICT in schools:

U.S. national technology plan was in response to “. . . ever

increasing competition in the global economy”

U.S. national technology plan was in response to “. . . ever

increasing competition in the global economy”

Ireland’s plan was described as “. . . vital to ensure that we acquire important skills needed

to secure our future economic wellbeing”

Ireland’s plan was described as “. . . vital to ensure that we acquire important skills needed

to secure our future economic wellbeing”

Jordan’s ICT-based reform effort was to make the education

sector “responsive to employment market

demands in key industries and develop

critical ‘Knowledge Economy skills’ at all

levels of the education system”

Jordan’s ICT-based reform effort was to make the education

sector “responsive to employment market

demands in key industries and develop

critical ‘Knowledge Economy skills’ at all

levels of the education system”

Singapore’s second ICT master plan was launched to help

students prepare for a “more competitive future” and a “new, innovation-driven

economic era”

Singapore’s second ICT master plan was launched to help

students prepare for a “more competitive future” and a “new, innovation-driven

economic era”


ICT, Education Reform, and Economic ICT, Education Reform, and Economic DevelopmentDevelopment

• What are the mechanisms by which we can use What are the mechanisms by which we can use ICT ICT and education to support economic development and education to support economic development and broad-based prosperity?and broad-based prosperity?


Basis for Economic GrowthBasis for Economic Growth

Two sources of Two sources of economic growth:economic growth:•Capital accumulationCapital accumulation•Increased productivityIncreased productivity

– Capital deepeningCapital deepening– High quality laborHigh quality labor– Knowledge creation and Knowledge creation and

innovationinnovation


Productivity-Based GrowthProductivity-Based GrowthProductivity-Based GrowthProductivity-Based Growth

Capital Deepening:Capital Deepening:Productivity based on the Productivity based on the uptake of new, more uptake of new, more productive equipment and productive equipment and technologiestechnologies



Productivity-Based GrowthProductivity-Based Growth

High quality High quality labor:labor:Productivity based on Productivity based on the ability of the the ability of the workforce to increase workforce to increase the quantity and the quantity and value of their output value of their output


Productivity-Based GrowthProductivity-Based Growth

Knowledge Knowledge creation and creation and innovation:innovation:Productivity based on Productivity based on the creation of new the creation of new knowledge, products, knowledge, products, industries, and ways industries, and ways of doing business.of doing business.


Education & Economic GrowthEducation & Economic GrowthEducation & Economic GrowthEducation & Economic Growth


• What skills must a What skills must a workforce acquire to workforce acquire to support economic support economic growth?growth?

• What kinds of changes What kinds of changes must take place in the must take place in the education system to education system to support economic support economic growth?growth?


Economic Growth & Education Economic Growth & Education ChangeChange

Economy Based on Capital

Accumulation

Economy Based on Capital

Accumulation

Economy Based on Productivity

Economy Based on Productivity

Education Based on Basic Skills

Education Based on Basic Skills

Education ReformBased on Human

Capital Development

Education ReformBased on Human

Capital Development


Productivity Growth & Education Productivity Growth & Education ReformReform

KnowledgeAcquisitionKnowledgeAcquisition

KnowledgeDeepeningKnowledgeDeepening

KnowledgeCreation

KnowledgeCreation

Capital DeepeningCapital Deepening High Quality LaborHigh Quality Labor Knowledge& InnovationKnowledge

& Innovation


Policy GoalsPolicy Goals



KnowledgeCreation

KnowledgeCreation

Prepare students for

hi-tech workforce

Prepare students for

hi-tech workforce

Prepare students for highly productive workforce

Prepare students for highly productive workforce

Prepare students for knowledge-driven economy

Prepare students for knowledge-driven economy

Increase graduation rates and test scores

Increase graduation rates and test scores

Who can use knowledge to solve

complex, real world problems

Who can use knowledge to solve

complex, real world problems

Supported by a creative, flexible

workforce

Supported by a creative, flexible

workforce


Curriculum and AssessmentCurriculum and Assessment



KnowledgeCreation

KnowledgeCreation

Focus on facts, simple principles,

and computer applications

applied to standard procedures

Focus on facts, simple principles,

and computer applications

applied to standard procedures

Focus on deep understanding of key concepts and

their application to solve

real world problems

Focus on deep understanding of key concepts and

their application to solve

real world problems

Focus on innovativeness

and the creation of knowledge products

Focus on innovativeness

and the creation of knowledge products

Assessed by standardized tests

Assessed by standardized tests

Assessed by complex, real world

tasks

Assessed by complex, real world

tasks

Assessed by a community of users

Assessed by a community of users


Teaching and LearningTeaching and Learning



KnowledgeCreation

KnowledgeCreation

Direct instructionDirect instructionCollaborative

teams work on complex real world

projects

Collaborative teams work on

complex real world projects

Developing communities of

learners who build on each other’s

knowledge

Developing communities of

learners who build on each other’s

knowledge

Students doing individual seat

work

Students doing individual seat

workAnd develop

self-learning skillsAnd develop

self-learning skills


Technology ApplicationsTechnology Applications



KnowledgeCreation

KnowledgeCreation

Drill and practice, tutorial software to support test performance

Drill and practice, tutorial software to support test performance

Simulations, multimedia to

support understanding and the application of

knowledge to solve problems

Simulations, multimedia to

support understanding and the application of

knowledge to solve problems

Computers and digital devices

everywhere

Computers and digital devices

everywhere

Networks for managementNetworks for management

Networks for collaborationNetworks for collaboration

Virtual environments and knowledge-building tools

Virtual environments and knowledge-building tools

Networks for community

Networks for community


Social InfrastructureSocial Infrastructure



KnowledgeCreation

KnowledgeCreation

Focus on hierarchy and accountability

Focus on hierarchy and accountability

Collaborative teaching and

learning

Collaborative teaching and

learning

Anytime, anywhere,

life-long learning

Anytime, anywhere,

life-long learning

Little teacher or student autonomyLittle teacher or

student autonomy

Breaking disciplinary and

physical boundaries

Breaking disciplinary and

physical boundaries

Self-sustaining, cross-age,

cross-sector knowledge

communities

Self-sustaining, cross-age,

cross-sector knowledge

communities


Educational Transformation

What kind of change needs to take place in education?

What role can ICT play?

Systemic ChangeSystemic Change

A Lever for ChangeA Lever for Change

ICT alone will not work


Requirements for Change

• Have a vision• Create a plan• Build alignment– Between policies

and programs– Within agencies– Across agencies

• Look for levers• Provide resources• Team with partners