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From Technologies to Market
APEC 2016 – Long Beach (CA)
From Technologies to Market
© 2016
Data Center Market and
Technology Trends in Power
Electronics
2
SOME FIGURES
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
8h of videos / min
uploaded to YouTube
300h of videos / min
1,000 million websites
are now running
3 billion people now
online
250,000 words are
published on Google’s
Blogger platform / minIn 2010:
Today:
By 2018, 76% of global data center traffic will
come from cloud services & applications.
Source: Cisco
3
MAIN 4 CHARACTERISTICS
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
• High concentration of heat
• All the concentrated electronics generate huge amount of heat in a closed space
• Huge amounts of data
• Increasing need for bandwidth
• Requirements on extremely high
(24/7) data availability and security
• Very high electricity consumption• A proximity of a point access to very high electrical power is required
• Multi-sourcing
• Strong trends toward the use of renewable electricity sources (hydro,PV, wind…)
4
POWER REQUIREMENTS OF A DATA CENTER
Extremely inefficient
• To supply the IT equipment with a power of 60 kW, at least 150 kW are required.
• Virtually, every watt expended in a server room in terms of processing power, power supplies, lighting, etc. is turned into heat.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
PUE = 2.5
*PUE = Power Usage Effectiveness
5
HOW MUCH OF WORLDWIDE POWER IS NEEDED BY DATA CENTERS?
Required power evolution for the period 2010–2020
In 2015, Data Center power needs represent 1.62% of worldwide production. In 2020, it will be 1.9%.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
TOTAL 28.5 31.6 34.6 37.7 40.2 43.2 45.9 48.8 52.0 54.8 58.0
CAGR 15-20
10.6%
11.2%
6.8%
4.2%
5.8%
Data Center facilities installed power (in GW)
Po
wer
req
uir
em
en
t in
GW
6
ENERGY CONSUMPTION EVOLUTION
Consumed energy with an average PUE of 1.75
In 2014 an estimated 350TWhwere consumed by data centers. It is 100TWh more than in 2010.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
7
GLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Evolution with a decreasing average PUE, due to new technologies
• Each hypothesis fixes new PUEs by region from the mentioned years onward.
• Each new hypothesis also takes into account the previous hypothesis.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
The actual evolution takes into
account the following PUE:
- North America: 1.7
- Europe: 1.7
- Asian-Pacific: 1.74
- Latin America: 1.83
- MEA: 1.88
Hypothesis 1 (from 2018 on):
- Silicon Photonics
implementation
- Average PUE between 1.6–1.7
Hypothesis 2 (from 2019 on):
- WBG devices in power
equipment
- Average PUE: 1.45–1.6
Hypothesis 3 (from 2021 on):
- Facility level DC grids
- Average PUE: 1.2–1.3
-29%
-13%
TW
h
8
INVESTMENTS IN DATA CENTERS
Internet content and application providers’ investments
• In 2014, around $143B was invested worldwide in new data center projects.
• Content and application providers alone invest $40B annually into networks, facilities, and equipment—majority of that to hosting infrastructure.
• 60 new large data centers (>3,000 square meters) are expected in Western Europe by 2020.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
$9.7B
Asian-Pacific
$2.0B
The Middle East
and Africa$4.6B
Latin America
$10.9B
North
America
$12.8B
Europe
9
FINLAND’S DATA CENTER
Cold climate location examples
• Google’s data center uses a high-tech cooling system,which uses sea water from the Bay of Finland, reducingenergy use.
• The PUE on this installation is 1.14.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
• In Helsiki, providing heat for 500 homes at the city center.
• The water is warmed while cooling the servers; it travels intosurrounding homes and flats as heat.
• The water comes from chilly Baltic sea.
• The consumed energy for cooling is reduced by 80%.
Google’s Data Center in Hamina (Finland)
Data Center in Helsinki (Finland)
© 2016
New generationdata center technical
challenges
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
11
TECHNOLOGICAL ROADMAP
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
SSD memory widely deployed• Explosive growth on NAND
market• Samsung introduced 3D NAND
structure in 2013
ArchitecturesDesign evolution
DC grid data centers• Widespread but
adopted over time
2020
20122025
SiC-based UPS• Launched by Toshiba • 98% efficiency for double
conversion
2005
2015
20182014
Silicon Photonics• For high-speed
data transmission in data centers
DC safety breakers• Commercially available for
data center use
DC grid demonstrator facilities• ABB announced the opening
of a DC powered data center in Zurich
GaN / SiC equipment• GaN-based PSU from 2019 on• SiC-based UPS from 2020 on
2013
2006
Rack-level liquid cooling• Water or refrigerant
2019
Emerging NVMs• Replacing NAND flash in 2018• Replacing DRAM working
memory in 2019
2021
Active Optical Cables• AOC products
commercially available
Containerized data centers• Google builds its first data
center based on containers
12
EFFICIENCY
Power efficiency is being sought!!
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
Technological developments
DC gridWBG Cooling systems, etc..
13
WBG DEVICES
Where could SiC & GaN devices enter in data centers?
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
• Today, several SiC devices can be found on themarket in the 600V–1700V range.
• GaN devices are less accessible, with last devicesreaching 650V.
SiC wafers
Data Center power distribution chain:
SiC & GaN
GaN
Where could SiC & GaN
devices be used?
14
WHY SiC & GaN ADD VALUE?
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
High electron mobilityHigh Junction
Temperature
No recovery time
during switching
Low lossesless energy to dissipate
Fewer cooling
needs
System size and
weight
reduction
High switching
frequency
Smaller filters
and passives
Intrinsic
properties
Impact on
operation
Impact on
power module
Impact on
power system
15
WBG DEVICES
Today’s status & roadmap
Yole does not believe that data centersare going to start using such equipment in masse before 2020.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
• First SiC-based UPS for a data center has beenrecently launched by Toshiba (2015).
SiC-based UPS for data centers
launched by Toshiba
20152020
SiC-based UPS equipment used in
data centers
RoadmapWide-Band Gap devices on data centers
2019
GaN devices entering PSUs
• GaN based DC-DC demonstrators have also beendeveloped by EPC, which could be used as PowerSupply Unit (PSU) of servers.
16
SiC BASED UPS
Toshiba
• Toshiba International Corporation announced on 1st June 2015 a SiC-based three-phase UPS.
• Its new G2020 series UPS reaches 98% efficiency at 50% load due to its silicon carbide power modules.
• It generates less heat, noise and interferences.
• It has lower cooling costs and it saves energy as compared to the conventional UPS.
• Toshiba G2020 UPS has a 17% smaller footprint than its G9000 predecessor.
• The new G2020 is available in 500 and 750kVA.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
The predecessor model G9000 of Toshiba
17
GaN BASED POWER SUPPLY
EPC
• EPC presented a 500W high power density GaN-based eighth brick supply at APEC 2015conference (Charlotte, North Carolina).
• A DC-DC converter based on Gallium Nitride could be a good candidate to supply the servers with an efficient,smaller and less-heat-producing converter.Even if it is still
early to see commercially available GaN-based converters for data centers, some demos already show their benefits.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
Demonstrator of 200W 1/8 brick DC-DC using GaN devices
Source: EPC
18
WBG DEVICES
Potential impact on data centers
• They will bring to themarket systems that aremore efficient, smaller,and have fewer coolingrequirements.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
Impact on data center
equipment WBG devices
IT +Server density could be increased.
UPS, PDU and other power
converters ++++
SiC or GaN devices will change the
topology, filters and control of power
converters -> Improved efficiency
Cooling ++++The cooling systems could be reduced on
UPS and PSU, as WBG devices generate
fewer losses.
Time-to-market (for WBG-
based equipment in data
centers
3–5 years
19
A NEW POWER DISTRIBUTION ARCHITECTURE
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
DC power
A new power distribution system under
discussion is driven by …
DC power would create a more efficient, space and
cost saving distribution network.
20
MAIN REASONS TO USE DC POWER
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
Why would a DC power distribution be
more efficient?
Most of the final loads
use DC current
Less conversion
steps
Smaller footprint
Lower maintenance
costs
Simplifying the power
distribution chain results in
less space needed system and
lower maintenance costs
21
DC ARCHITECTURE
From AC to DC power distribution in Data Centers
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
AC distribution
DC distribution removes 2
conversion steps
AC is 400 Vrms in Europe and 120 Vrms or 240 Vrms in the US
DC can be 48V, 326V or 380V depending on the region and the power load
POL: point-of-load
VRM: voltage regulation modules
Redundant
Redundant
A 10% to 20% energy savings on
the overall Data center is
expected by moving to DC
distribution
22
MAIN DRAWBACKS
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
But there are still several barriers that prevent a DC architecture
being used in new Data Centers
– Lack of appropriate DC standards
– Lack of DC electrical components
– Strong reliability and safety requirements
Barriers
Apart from technical
barriers, there is a
strong psychological
barrier
Today, many players are averse to
changing the standards.
23
DC GRID ARCHITECTURE
Today’s status & roadmap
• Today, what is already being used in some cases is an hybrid DC solution, which consists of row/rack level DC distribution.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
• Even though it has not been standardized yet, the +/-380V DC has been widely adopted as the reference DC voltage.
• Another DC grid solution proposes a 3kV DC power distribution architecture.
• EATON is following R&D development on this solution.
2025
DC grid could start widely being used
at facility level from 2025 on
2012
ABB’s DC powered Zurich West demonstrator
data center 2018
400V DC safety breakers commercially available for
data centers
24
DC GRID ARCHITECTURE
Potential impact on data centers
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
Less conversion
steps
Less heat dissipation
Smaller footprint
Energy savings
Impact on data center
equipment DC grid
IT + More space for the IT
UPS, PDU and power
converters
+++++ Less conversion steps -> Just an
AC/DC converter and battery pack
directly connected to the DC bus
Cooling +++ Less number of converters from whom
dissipate the power losses.
Time-to-market +5-10 years
25
DC EQUIPMENT PLAYERS
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
Players involved in the development of DC solutions:
27
CONCLUSION
• Efforts on developing more efficient technologies for data centers are being done in manytechnical fields.
• Yole sees a potential for SiC devices in UPS systems.
• In the case of GaN devices, as they are commercially available for lower voltages, theiruse would be limited to the PSU (Power supply unit) of the servers.
• Slight efficiency improvements of 1% already mean a huge energy savings and therefore,cost saving.
• On DC distribution networks in data centers the development and demonstratorprojects are still in early stage in order to consider which architecture (380 VDC, >1kVDC,etc.) will be the chosen solution.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
29©2016 | www.yole.fr | About Yole Développement
MEMS &
Sensors
LED
Compound
Semi.
Imaging Photonics
MedTech
Manufacturing
Advanced Packaging
Batteries / Energy
Management
Power
Electronics
FIELDS OF EXPERTISE
Yole Développement’s 30 analysts operate in the following areas
30©2016 | www.yole.fr | About Yole Développement
4 BUSINESS MODELS
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• Market data & research, marketing analysis
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www.i-Micronews.com/reports
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• i-Micronews.com website
• @Micronews e-newsletter
• Communication & webcast services
• Events
www.i-Micronews.com
31©2016 | www.yole.fr | About Yole Développement
A GROUP OF COMPANIES
Market,
technology and
strategy
consulting
www.yole.fr
M&A operations
Due diligences
www.yolefinance.com
Fundraising
Maturation of companies
IP portfolio management & optimization
www.bmorpho.com
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Teardown and reverse engineering
Cost simulation tools
www.systemplus.fr
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Patent assessment
www.knowmade.fr
32©2016 | www.yole.fr | About Yole Développement
OUR GLOBAL ACTIVITY
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SERVING THE ENTIRE SUPPLY CHAIN
Our analysts provide market analysis,
technology evaluation,
and business plan along the entire
supply chain
Integrators and
end-users
Device
makers
Suppliers: material,
equipment, OSAT,
foundries…
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R&D centers
34©2016 | www.yole.fr | About Yole Développement
CONTACT INFORMATION
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