BIPV- Business Case - Organext

Seminar Cide-Socran05/06/2012

BUSINESS CASE: BUILDING INTEGRATED OPV

Marc DIJK (ICIS)Ellen DE SCHEPPER (UHasselt)Sebastien LIZIN (UHasselt)Julie LEROY (Tweed)Catherine DELVENNE (Cide-Socran)Quentin BENFANTE (Cide-Socran)Raphaël DARIMONT (Cide-Socran)


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Introduction and methodology

1. Objective: To contribute to Organext Valorisation WP

2. Inputs: Common OPV technology advantages

3. Methodology:

A. Desk research: Purpose: collect information about the current market and trends;

Methodology: free and commercial DB (DialogPro, Profound, etc.).

B. Qualitative interviews: Purpose: collect information about Current market; Needs; Existing

products; Competitions; Regulations;

Methodology: 15 face-to-face interviews Architects and engineering offices (10)

PV vendors and integrators (5)


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Table of contents

1. TECHNOLOGY

2. MARKET

3. INDUSTRY

4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY


1. TECHNOLOGY

PV overview OPV characteristics OPV & Organext


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1. Technology: PV overview


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1. Technology: OPV characteristics

Acceptor examples

PCBM PTCDI

Donor examples

Pentacene


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1. Technology: OPV characteristics

Flexibility

Low weight

Colour tunability

Low cost

Diffuse light

Semi-transparent

Konarka

Heliatek


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1. Technology: OPV and the Organext Project

WP Objectives Last results

1. New Nanomaterials

• N-type semiconductor: New fullerene derivatives Small molecules with acceptor groups• Nanostructured polymers • Highly absorbent conjugated polymers

• Synthesis and characterization of copolymers and cross-linkable copolymers

Better control of the morphology

2. Deposition techniques

• Polymers Spin-coating and printing Deposition of copolymers nanofibers by

electrospinning• Small molecules Organic phase vapor deposition (OPVD) Vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE)• Hybrid systems VTE applied on nanoparticules Interface optimization

• Evaporation of different DPP monomers with thiophene units

Effect of the compound structure on the film structure and the device efficiency

• Spray Coating (can be used for industrial process)

As good as spin coating• High transmission coating• Hybrid system pentacene/ GaN (gas

phase deposition)• Study of the degradation mechanism

3. Super Lab List of techniques available in the different partners group

This list is available on the website www.organext.org

4. Demonstrators Integration of organic solar cells in double glass Lifetime study

Set up of the climate chamber


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1. Technology: technological positioning

Organext Partners (≈7%)

Efficiency

Lifetime: today, 3 to 5 years


2. MARKET PV history Installed power & applications BIPV market evolution BIPV interview results


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2. Market: PV history (Europe)


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2. Market: installed power & applications

1. Volume (grid connected): Europe (2011, source EPIA):

Installations: 8,5 GW (= 68 Mio m²) Cumulative installed PV: 21,9 GW (=175 Mio m²) +63%

World (2011, source EPIA): Installations volume: 12,9 GW (=103 Mio m²) Cumulative installed PV: 29,7 GW (=238 Mio m²) +76%

2. Applications: BAPV (Building Applied PV)

BIPV (Building Integrated PV)

Ground mounted PV

Consumer electronics


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2. Market: installed power & applications


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2. Market: BIPV in the market

Source: BSW-Solar, June 2010


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2. Market: BIPV market evolution

2009 2010 2011 20160.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

CommercialResidentialIndustrial


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2. Market: BIPV market evolution

2009 2010 2011 20160.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

RoofingGlassFacadesWindowsOthers


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2. Demand: BIPV interview results

10 architects in Wallonia, Brussels, Flanders and Netherlands: Minimum size: 4 collaborators; Public and professional buildings (residential < 20%): 8; Residential buildings (professional < 20%): 2.

Large scope of projects: Surfaces: up to 40.000 m²; Budgets: up to 10 M€; Floors: up to 12 floors; Representing between 150 and 200 projects per year.

Only 2 BIPV projects illustrated

Architect implication, as purchasing advisor, is very contrasted: Depending on their own interest: Depending on customer portfolio.


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PV use and customer objectives Use of PV more generalised in new residential buildings (before the

review of the public subsidies) than in professional

Very often, the architect is not involved in PV project but they propose it as an option in their quote.

The customer consider the PV aspects at the end of the project, if still available budgets.

Main customers objectives: 6/10: finance (including price, lifetime, R.O.I, etc.);

3/10: image and environment (mainly linked to public buildings);

1/10: dislike PV products.


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Who is the project initiator? 7/10: customer / end user is the initiator;

3/10: active proposition of architect for a global energy approach.

Who gives technical advise? Architects’ knowledge in PV (and energy technologies) is weak.

So they need technical support: Small projects (residential, SME): directly with the vendor

Bigger projects: Vendor (with “in-house” engineers): private markets

Independent engineering office: multi-energy/complex projects or public markets


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Main current PV selection criteria: Financial: T.C.O.O. (Total Cost Of Ownership: investment and

maintenance), efficiency, revenues, lifetime ROI

Technical agreements and labels.

Note: Materials used in construction must respect norms (ex: fire protection, etc.)

Other criteria (for people concerned with environment and image): Aesthetics and discretion;

Note: when discretion is a must, PV panels can be hidden.

Environmental impact;

Toxicity of components;

Recycling.


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Trends in building sector

Zero energy buildings; Windows surfaces optimization;

Note: windows = 35% of facades surface, with a lower insulation performance than walls.

Facades renovations for old buildings;

Development of “multi-functional” solutions: electricity production

associated with walls, insulation, hermetic roofs, complex

techniques, etc.


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Windows : If OPV becomes almost fully transparent.

Decrease natural light to produce electricity (used for artificial lighting)

Note: 60% of the electricity consumption during the day is dedicated to lighting.

If used as substitute to opaque glass.

Roofs : If new urbanism rules (ex: listed buildings)

Because lot of substitutes solutions

More probably: Curtain walls and canopies;

Interior walls (i.e.: in sun lounge);

Facade renovation or construction

First customers = public and large buildings

Advantages: Vertical performances of OPV Give originality to the wall and

contribute to building/company identity Curtain walls are ready to cable


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Barriers: Current weak performances and prices of OPV

Urbanism restrictions > first applications may concern commercial zonings

Fear of deterioration (tags...)

Competition: Colours are already available

Thin films BIPV are improving

...

Lack of budgets for the total project

Reduction of PV subsidies

Lack of regulation to constraint PV installation

Today energy prices are relatively low if we consider environmental externalities.

...


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2. Market: sizing the market

Window Wall RoofTotal 4.260 Mio m² (2008)Steel World = 432 Mio m² (2008)

EU = 93 Mio m²World = 1.000 Mio m² (2008)

Glass World = 6.400 Mio m²New construction: 2.400 Mio m²Renewal: 2.400 Mio m²Others (excl interior) : 1.600 Mio m² (inc. Solar PV)

Glass PV (100% front/ 50% back ) 10 à 12 Mio m² (2009)(mainly roof)

Building surface area potentially available = 3.700 Mio m² or 463 GWc(Source, EPIA 2009)


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3. INDUSTRY

BIPV products & suppliers BIPV value chain Global BIPV supply


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3. Industry: BIPV products & suppliers

BIPV products-solar cell type matrix


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Roof


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Façade


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Windows


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Industry: BIPV products & suppliers

2008: Konarka has introduced the Power Plastics to the commercial Market. 2012 : Konarka Technologies Advances Award Winning Power Plastic Solar Cell Efficiency with 9% Certification

March 2012: Heliatek GmbH inaugurated its first production facility for the manufacture of flexible organic solar panels in Dresden


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BIPV value chain

(O)PV solar cell manufacturer

BIPV module manufacturerBOS manufacturer

Architect

End consumer

Engineering office

Contractor

Subcontractor

Polic

y


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3. Industry: Global BIPV supply

External environment - Current situation:

Crisis in PV sector • Financial crisis

• Decreasing solar subsidies

• Dumping prices Chinese competitors

Focus on BAPV/ground-mounted PV, rather than on (more expensive) BIPV

• BIPV <5% of global installed PV power

• Mostly in countries with BIPV support mechanisms

Source BIPV: An overview of the existing products and their fields of application


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Facade prices


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Forecast (Europe):

Stabilization PV market (2013-2014)

Legislation regarding energy requirements of (new) buildings

Focus on custom-made high-end applications to compete with Chinese competitors

Source: Solar&Energy, BIPV Technology and Market Forecast 2009-2015


4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Organext valorisation Tool proposal Examples Highlights


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4. Product development: Organext Valorisation

Step Focus Organext Progress

1. Characterisation of project deliverable (functionalities)

Deliverable in terms of use and value creation

High Level of knowledge and expertise

2. Identification of applications and segments

To be done

3. Characterisation of market segments

•State of the art in scientific and technical matters + IP•Characteristics of market•Determinants of demand•Characteristics of industry•Competition / substitutes

In progress. Inputs for steps 1 and 2.

4. Strategy formulation

Partnerships with Industrial Partners


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4. Product development: tool Proposal (not exhaustive)

Substrates compatibility

Processing techniques

Integrability Curves Transparency ColourCapture oblique

sunbeam Roofs

Flat roofHipped roof

TilesRoofingMetal siding

Glass roofFacades

Glass facadesCurtain wallCanopies

ClassicalWall sidingCanopies

Windows


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Example 1: PV Curtain Wall

Industry value chain:

PV panels + structure façade contractors general construction client

Partnership example:

Reynaers (curtain wall) and Issol (PV)

Competitors:

Schuco, Reynaers, Kawneer, Hueck,

Wicona / Technal, SAPA, etc

Price:

Installed curtain wall (without PV) : 450€ / m²


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Example 2: Full Construction Solution

Partnership EDF ENR Solaire and Allouis Face InTec®

Micromorph®: upper layer made with amorphous silicium and lower layer made with microcrystalline.


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Example 3: Facade Renovation

Lot of building facades are old-fashion and damaged

New OPV skin may be a good opportunity to mix energy preoccupations and aesthetics

Ex: Gebrik’s solution


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To conclude: highlights

• Construction and BIPV is a very demanding market:

• Strict Rules

• Lifetime

• Price

• Construction market is very conservative.

• Main criteria is €/Wp. Note: first solar panels have been sold with 12% efficiency.

• Fierce competition.

• BIPV is a large market with a lot of potential applications and segments.

• OPV products are possible trough new materials with added functionalities

• Valorisation perspectives must include industrial partnerships


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION