BIPV, BUILDING MEETS PV BART.ONSIA@IMEC.BE,

INNOVATION PROGRAM MANAGER FLANDERS

PV IN 2014 – AN OVERVIEW

China

record

capacity

added

10.6 GW

Top 3

markets

China

10.6

Japan 9.7

USA 6.2

Global

capacity

added

38.7 GW

EU: 7 GW

Total

installed

capacity

177 GW

Electricity

produced

World 1 %

EU 3.5%

Italy 7.9 %

Greece 7.6 %

Germany 7.1 %

Belgium 3%

Market

growth

2013 data

Asia +170%

Europe-

40%

Source: IEA PVPS, 2014 Snapshot of Global PV Markets

Top 3 EU markets

UK 2.3 GW

Germany 1.9 GW

France 0.9 GW

PV: A YOUNG AND FAST GROWING INDUSTRY

www.epia.org

3

CAGR (2004 – 2014): 44%

99% of capacity

installed since 2004

>50% in last 3 years

BELGIAN ELECTRICITY MARKET NOW & FUTURE

4

TOTAL NET ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN BELGIUM (67.6 TWH)

+ 17.6 TWh net import

Nuclear

Wind

330 MW

325 MW

266 MW*,

350 MW*

224 MW*

216 MW

288 MW*

246 MW*

TOTAL: 2.245 MW

OFF-SHORE

Other

Mainly solar

Thermal

Hydro

The Challenge:

80% less CO2-emissions

by 2050 (EU + G8)

PV MARKET ANSWER

Adding 500MWp capacity per year adds 500GWh electricity production

Starting from 3000MWp now, this will lead to ± 20GWp in 2050, or 20TWh (25% of

current electricity consumption)

And will take the area of 2 average Belgian communities

Do we have the space?

5

A BACK OF THE ENVELOPE CALCULATION

Historical data Flemish installations

JUST ANOTHER REASON

EV Consumption ~300Wh/mile (190

Wh/km)

15000 km/yr 2850 kWh

can be covered with PV-installation of

+- 3kWp (18% 16m²)

For sake of comparison

The same energy input 2850kWh

would take the average diesel car only

5000km

A typical household: 3500kWh/yr

BIPV CHALLENGE

New EU legislation

All new public authorities buildings:

nearly zero-energy buildings by end 2018

All new buildings:

nearly zero-energy buildings by end 2020

Huge challenge... and opportunity for building integrated PV

THE BIPV CHALLENGE

BIPV COULD COVER 50% OF EU POWER DEMAND

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

-

50

100

150

200

250

Austr

ia

Belg

ium

Bulg

aria

Cypru

s

Czech R

epu

blic

De

nm

ark

Esto

nia

Fin

land

Fra

nce

Germ

any

Gre

ece

Hu

nga

ry

Irela

nd

Ita

ly

La

tvia

Lithu

ania

Lu

xe

mbo

urg

Ma

lta

Ne

therl

and

s

Pola

nd

Port

ug

al

Ro

man

ia

Slo

vakia

Slo

ven

ia

Spain

Sw

ede

n

Un

ite

d K

ing

dom

TWh BIPV potential (roof & façades)

Residential

Non Residential

Roofs Facades

Source IEA PVPS T7, EPIA, Becquerel Institute

Demand coverage (%)

WHAT IS BIPV?

BIPV

= multi-functional PV component: fulfills all functions required as a building component

+ generates electricity

Cost EUR/m2 not EUR/Wp

Response to indirect light (facades)

ADVANTAGES

Esthetics, flexibility in pattern definition

More surface available

Low balance of system cost

Reduced labour cost

Better use of existing mounting and grid infrastructure

Order made

automated

production

REQUIREMENTS FOR BIPV

Meet energy regulations (NZEB, min. share RE)

Meet building norms

Esthetics prime

Dimensional freedom

Look (color, transparency, graphic appearance, ...)

But efficiency more important than ever

Focus on cost

Ease of installation (plug & play)

Ease of procurement

Ease of design of the implementation (architect, installer, ...)

ESTHETICS PRIME

15

POL

(C) IMEC 2014

Polycrystalline Si-PV

(c) Imec 2014

16 (C) IMEC 2014

Monocrystalline Si-PV

(c) Imec 2014

17 (C) IMEC 2014

Thin Interconnects

Source: Meyer Burger (c) Imec 2014

18 (C) IMEC 2014 Source: Swiss INSO

Colour

19 (C) IMEC 2014 Courtesy: CanadianSolar Courtesy: Sunpower

Back Contacts

(c) Imec 2014

20 (C) IMEC 2014

Thin Film PV

(c) Imec 2014

21 (C) IMEC 2014 (c) Imec 2014

Transparency

22 (C) IMEC 2014 (c) Imec 2014

Bespoke dimensions/design

Courtesy Soltech

YIELD & COST

ENERGY YIELD OPTIMIZED MODULES CONTINUOUS MODELLING- TECHNOLOGY VALIDATION CYCLE

ENERGY YIELD • What-if simulations

• Accurate and fast prediction for non-

ideal conditions

MODULE TECHNOLOGY • Advanced cell interconnection

• Failure mechanism-Novel material

reliability

• Focus on Glass-Glass modules

Integrated functionality “Smart

modules”

CELL

TECHNOLOGY

COST – APPLICATION

FOCUS • Detailed cost calculation

to guide process and

technology selection

PV INTEGRATION IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT

BIPV DEMONSTRATORS AND FACILITIES

Back-contact (“ MWT ”) Si-PV modules facades, rooftile … / improved esthetics / higher efficiency / cost-effective Si-PV

Thin film - PV facades / semi-transparent / color-on-demand

Testing and modelling interaction PV <-> building Hygrothermal & mechanical / model & lab validation

BIPV: A PERFECT MATCH?

Needs further validation beyond traditional metrics

PV metrics:

Energy-yield in non-standard positions and configurations

Cost per m² instead of per Wp

...

Building element metrics:

Insulation quality

Weather-resistant

Safety requirements

...

BENEFITS

Benefits for Society

Larger deployment of PV

More surface available for PV integration

Esthetic integration

Production is more evenly spread beneficial for grid stability

...

Benefits for Flanders

Reduced dependence on energy import

Construction industry is marked by

Just in time

Local standards

Customer oriented (made to measure)

Local production of energy, reaching EU-targets

Local production of energy production devices (BIPV)

Lower working capital needed

Avoid changing import regulations

...

CHALLENGES

Price competition with BAPV Focus on added value (esthetics, ...)

Reduce cost

Of production: standardization, mass customization, automation

Of installation: plug and play

Subsidies...

Low volume (& high costs) Mass customization (of larger BIPV elements)

Standard BIPV elements modular, complemented with dummies

Perceived risks Create confidence (lifetime, yield models, ...)

Put in perspective

Provide remediation (ease of replacement, upgrade, ...)

Market access Value chain: build bridges, create ‘system’-like offering (avoid recurrent engineering)

Qualification of processes instead of products

Regulation

Collective hangover Create stable investment climate

Get over it!

Flanders PV

Innovation Initiative

CLUSTER PV R&D IN FLANDERS

▸ Smart grid

▸ PV systems

▸ Grid integration

▸ PV system

electronics

▸ Smart grid

▸ Energy yield

estimation

▸ Reliability

▸ PV-Materials

development

▸ Energy storage

materials

COVERING THE WHOLE PV INNOVATION VALUE CHAIN

FOCUSING ON NEW PV SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Energy

Ville

▸ Solar cell technology

▸ Energy yield estimation

▸ Smart modules

▸ Solid state storage

EXAMPLES

Wienerberger + Soltech : KoraSun

SOLTECH + ETERNIT: SOLESIA

Eternit + Soltech : Solesia

SAPA + SOLTECH

Sapa

Reynaers

AERspire

CONCLUSIONS

PV future looks very bright

BIPV is a future growth driver with a strong local impact

A close collaboration between PV industry and building industry is

needed.

BIPV is already happening now, and future technologies provide a further

adaptation to building industry’s needs

R&D is ready to support developments

40