34
1 THE FIVE KINGDOMS

9 moneran kingdom

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 9 moneran kingdom

1

THE FIVE KINGDOM

S

Page 2: 9 moneran kingdom

2

Introduction to Bacteria

2 TYPES OF BACTERIA:

•Bacteria

-Get food from an outside source

•Blue-green Bacteria

-Make their own food

Page 3: 9 moneran kingdom

3

BACTERIA

Bacteria - small one celled monerans

Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment

They are found almost everywhere:

-water -air

-soil -food

-skin -inside the body

-on most objects

Page 4: 9 moneran kingdom

4

Spiral:spirilla

rod-shaped: bacilli, bacillus

Round:cocci

3 Shapes of 3 Shapes of BacteriaBacteria

Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:

Page 5: 9 moneran kingdom

5

3 Shapes of 3 Shapes of BacteriaBacteria

Bacillus anthracis – (bacillus)

Neisseria meningitidis (coccus)

Leptospira interrogans – (spirilla)

Page 6: 9 moneran kingdom

6

7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

•Capsule

•Cell wall

•Ribosomes

•Nucleoid

•Flagella

•Pilli

•Cytoplasm

Page 7: 9 moneran kingdom

7

Capsule

7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

keeps the cell from drying out and helps it stick to food or other cells

Page 8: 9 moneran kingdom

8

Cell wall

7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

Thick outer covering that maintains the overall shape of the bacterial cell

Page 9: 9 moneran kingdom

9

Ribosomes

7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

cell part where proteins are made

Ribosomes give the cytoplasm of bacteria a granular appearance in electron micrographs

Page 10: 9 moneran kingdom

10

Nucleoid

7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

a ring made up of DNA

Page 11: 9 moneran kingdom

11

Flagella

7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

a whip-like tail that some bacteria have for locomotion

Page 12: 9 moneran kingdom

12

7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

Amimation of E.coli

Page 13: 9 moneran kingdom

13

Pilli

7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

hollow hair-like structures made of protein

allows bacteria to attach to other cells.

Pilli-singular Pillus-plural

Page 14: 9 moneran kingdom

14

Cytoplasm

7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

clear jelly-like material that makes up most of the cell

Page 15: 9 moneran kingdom

15

•Binary Fission- the process of one organism dividing into two organisms

•Fission is a type of asexual reproduction

Reproduction of Reproduction of BacteriaBacteria

How?...The one main (circular) chromosome makes a copy of itselfThen it divides into two

•Asexual reproduction- reproduction of a living thing from only one parent

Page 16: 9 moneran kingdom

16

BINARY FISSION

Bacteria dividing Completed

Reproduction of Reproduction of BacteriaBacteria

Page 17: 9 moneran kingdom

17

•The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditions are

•Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions

•Some can reproduce every 20 minutes

(one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours)

Reproduction of Reproduction of BacteriaBacteria

Page 18: 9 moneran kingdom

18

Bacterial Cell & Nucleiod DNA Ring

DNA replication

Cell wall synthesis

Cell separation

Page 19: 9 moneran kingdom

19

Bacteria Survival

Endospore- •a thick celled structure that forms inside the cell

•they are the major cause of food poisoning

•they can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions•it encloses all the nuclear materials and some cytoplasm

•allows the bacteria to survive for many years

Page 20: 9 moneran kingdom

20

Bacillus subtilisEndospore-the black section in the middle

highly resistant structures

can withstand radiation, UV light, and boiling at 120oC for 15 minutes.

Bacteria Survival

Page 21: 9 moneran kingdom

21

Bacteria Survival – Food sources

parasites – bacteria that feed on living things

saprophytes – use dead materials for food (exclusively)

decomposers – get food from breaking down dead matter into simple chemicals

important- because they send minerals and other materials back into the soil so other organisms can use them

Page 22: 9 moneran kingdom

22

Harmful Bacteria • some bacteria cause diseases

•Animals can pass diseases to humans

Communicable Disease – Disease passed from one organism to another

This can happen in several ways:•Air•Touching clothing, food, silverware, or toothbrush•Drinking water that contains bacteria

Page 23: 9 moneran kingdom

23

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar (rough areas)

Harmful Bacteria

Page 24: 9 moneran kingdom

24

Helpful Bacteria•Decomposers help recycle nutrients into

the soil for other organisms to grow

•Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay

•Most are used to make antibiotics

•Some bacteria help make insulin

•Used to make industrial chemicals

Page 25: 9 moneran kingdom

25

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

E.coli on small intestines

Helpful Bacteria

Page 26: 9 moneran kingdom

26

•Used to treat sewage          

Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess.

•foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk

Helpful Bacteria

Page 27: 9 moneran kingdom

27

Controlling Bacteria3 ways to control

bacteria:1) Canning- the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria

•endospores are killed during this process

2) Pasteurization- process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria

3) Dehydration- removing water from food•Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is

removed •example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal

Page 28: 9 moneran kingdom

28

Controlling BacteriaAntiseptic vs. Disinfectants

Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things

•means – “against infection”

Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash

Disinfectants- stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things

Page 29: 9 moneran kingdom

29

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

Page 30: 9 moneran kingdom

30

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

Page 31: 9 moneran kingdom

31

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

Bacillus anthracis - rod, vegetative stage prokaryote (bacterium)Image Number: 21185A

Page 32: 9 moneran kingdom

32

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

Neisseria meningitidis - coccus prokaryote (bacterium)

Page 33: 9 moneran kingdom

33

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

                                                                           1

Leptospira interrogans - spiral shaped prokaryote (spirochete)

Page 34: 9 moneran kingdom

34

Ecoli movement