Moneran KingdomMoneran Kingdom

Bacteria and VirusesBacteria and Viruses

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Characteristics of monerans Characteristics of monerans and viruses.and viruses.

Moneran KingdomMoneran Kingdom

Monerans are one celled organisms.Monerans are one celled organisms.They exist anywhere life can be found and can live in They exist anywhere life can be found and can live in really high or low temperatures.really high or low temperatures.They have a cytoplasm, a cell wall, a cell membrane, They have a cytoplasm, a cell wall, a cell membrane, and chromosomes. A major difference is that a moneran and chromosomes. A major difference is that a moneran cell lacks a nucleus.cell lacks a nucleus.Many do not move on their own, however, some have a Many do not move on their own, however, some have a flagella for movement.flagella for movement.

BacteriaBacteria

Bacteria, a kind of moneran, feed on dead Bacteria, a kind of moneran, feed on dead or decaying matter and on living things.or decaying matter and on living things.

Bacteria are classified into three groups Bacteria are classified into three groups according to shape.according to shape.

BacillusBacillus CoccusCoccus SpirillumSpirillum

Rod-Rod-shapedshaped

SphericalSpherical SpiralSpiral

Blue-Green BacteriaBlue-Green Bacteria

Blue-green bacteria Blue-green bacteria are monerans that are monerans that contain chlorophyll.contain chlorophyll.

They make their own They make their own food.food.

Moneran ReproductionMoneran Reproduction

Monerans reproduce Monerans reproduce by fission.by fission.

Under ideal Under ideal conditions they can conditions they can reproduce every 20 reproduce every 20 minutesminutes

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VirusesViruses

VirusVirus

A virus is a tiny fragment of genetic material wrapped A virus is a tiny fragment of genetic material wrapped inside a tiny capsule, or coating, of protein.inside a tiny capsule, or coating, of protein.

Viruses reproduce inside another cell or host organism.Viruses reproduce inside another cell or host organism.

Viruses are only active in the cells of other living things.Viruses are only active in the cells of other living things.

Some examples of viruses are: the flu, polio, and AIDSSome examples of viruses are: the flu, polio, and AIDS

Viral ReproductionViral Reproduction1. The virus attaches 1. The virus attaches itself to the cell wall.itself to the cell wall.2. Then it injects genetic 2. Then it injects genetic material into the cell.material into the cell.3. The genetic material 3. The genetic material takes control of the cell.takes control of the cell.4. The cell stops its 4. The cell stops its normal function and normal function and starts to produce more starts to produce more viruses.viruses.5. The cell becomes 5. The cell becomes filled with virusesfilled with viruses6. The cell finally bursts 6. The cell finally bursts and the process repeats and the process repeats itself.itself.

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Bacterial and Viral DiseasesBacterial and Viral Diseases

Communicable DiseaseCommunicable Disease

A communicable disease is one in which A communicable disease is one in which the disease-causing organism is passed the disease-causing organism is passed from one host to another by direct or from one host to another by direct or indirect contact.indirect contact.

When the disease-causing bacteria gets When the disease-causing bacteria gets into the body it causes an infection.into the body it causes an infection.

ToxinsToxins

Toxins are produced by bacteria. Toxins are produced by bacteria.

Toxins are chemical poisons that are Toxins are chemical poisons that are harmful to the body.harmful to the body.

Immune SystemImmune System

An immune system is the body system An immune system is the body system that defends against disease.that defends against disease.The main line of defenses in this system The main line of defenses in this system are the white blood cells. Some white are the white blood cells. Some white blood cells actually eat bacteria.blood cells actually eat bacteria.Other white blood cells produce Other white blood cells produce antibodies. An antibody is a protein that antibodies. An antibody is a protein that attaches itself to bacteria in order to attaches itself to bacteria in order to destroy it.destroy it.

MedicinesMedicines

Antibiotics are used to stop the growth and Antibiotics are used to stop the growth and reproduction of bacteria.reproduction of bacteria.

Many antibiotics are produced from other Many antibiotics are produced from other microbes and from fungi.microbes and from fungi.

A vaccine is a mixture of weakened or A vaccine is a mixture of weakened or dead disease-causing microbes that cause dead disease-causing microbes that cause the body to produce antibodies in order to the body to produce antibodies in order to fight off infection before it begins.fight off infection before it begins.

HIV / AIDSHIV / AIDS

HIV is the virus that cause AIDS. HIV attacks HIV is the virus that cause AIDS. HIV attacks the body’s immune system making it weak and the body’s immune system making it weak and prone to infection. prone to infection. It is hard to find a cure or vaccine for AIDS It is hard to find a cure or vaccine for AIDS because it is constantly evolving and can live in because it is constantly evolving and can live in a person’s cells for years.a person’s cells for years.Scientist are currently treating HIV with a variety Scientist are currently treating HIV with a variety of medicines. They are also trying to inject HIV of medicines. They are also trying to inject HIV genetic material into another virus with hope that genetic material into another virus with hope that the host will develop an immunity to both the host will develop an immunity to both viruses.viruses.

Helpful BacteriaHelpful Bacteria

Remember, bacteria is used in many types of food Remember, bacteria is used in many types of food production. Including: cheese, pickles, yogurt, butter, production. Including: cheese, pickles, yogurt, butter, sour cream, chocolate, and many more.sour cream, chocolate, and many more.Bacteria can also help the body digest food and produce Bacteria can also help the body digest food and produce certain vitamins.certain vitamins.Some bacteria fight off diseases. For example insulin is Some bacteria fight off diseases. For example insulin is used to treat people with diabetes.used to treat people with diabetes.Most importantly, bacteria helps to break down all the Most importantly, bacteria helps to break down all the dead plant and animal remains making nutrients for the dead plant and animal remains making nutrients for the soil. Without this process the world would become soil. Without this process the world would become quickly polluted with these materials.quickly polluted with these materials.