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many exams and to learn too, prescentacion that speaks for itself
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Neurology’sAplications
Is a chronic disease characterized by one or
several neurological disorders that leaves a
predisposition in the brain to generate recurrent seizures,
which often results in consequences
neurobiological, cognitive and psychological.
EPILEPSY
NEUROLOGY
Neurological Diseases
SYMPTOMS
Involuntary contractions of muscle groups
Shaking hands with involuntary movements
Possible tongue biting
abundant salivation
TREATMENTWas based on the use of non-specific depressant of the nervous system
Currently there have been a number of new antiepileptic drugs that try to increase treatment efficacy and reduce side effects.
NEUROLOGY
ALZHEIMER'S
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, a serious brain disorder that impacts daily living through memory loss and cognitive changes.
NEUROLOGY
SYMPTOMS
At first, there are small and subtle memory loss, but over time, this deficiency is becoming more noticeable. and disabling for the individual who will have trouble performing everyday tasks and simple, and also other more intellectual, such as speaking, understanding, reading, or writing.
TREATMENTAt present, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease. However, there are medications that can help control your symptoms
There are four drugs used, called cholinesterase inhibitors
Cholinesterase inhibitors slow the metabolic degradation of acetylcholine
NEUROLOGY
PARKINSON
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative process of the motor pathways that exert an important influence on spinal motor circuits, the brain stem and cerebellum.
SYMPTOMS
medications ;to be effective, medication should be taken exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
TREATMENT
NEUROLOGY
Is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and dementia.
The disease is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation.
It is much more common in people of Western European descent than in those of Asian or African ancestry.
NEUROLOGY
HUNTINGTON´S DISEASE
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Quick, sudden jerking movements of the arms, legs,
face and other body parts
impatience Irritability
Psychosis Changes in language
Disorientation or confusion
Loss of memory
NEUROLOGY
There is no cure for Huntington's disease.
treatment is to reduce symptoms and help people to fend for themselves for as long and as comfortably as possible.
NEUROLOGY
TREATMENT
It is an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more women than men.
The disorder is most commonly diagnosed between 20 and 40 years of age
NEUROLOGY
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Loss of balance Muscle spasms
Problems with walking
Double vision
uncontrollable rapid eye movements
NEUROLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis at the time, but there are therapies that can slow the progression of the disease.
The important thing is to control symptoms and help maintain a normal quality of life.
NEUROLOGY
TREATMENT
Refers to any brain abnormality, the product of a pathological process that compromises the blood vessels.
Risk Factors
HypertensionDiabetesObesityAlcohol Drug Addiction
NEUROLOGY
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
Motor deficit.
Sensory deficit
Dizziness HeadacheNEUROLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Cerebrovascular disease has no cure.
Possible treatments include hospital care, medicines, transcatheter interventions, surgery and rehabilitation.
NEUROLOGY
TREATMENT
DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
NEUROLOGY
TOMOGRAPHY
Refers to imaging by sections or sectioning, through the use of any kind of penetrating wave.
A device used in tomography is called a TOMOGRAPH.
The image produced is a TOMOGRAM.
NEUROLOGY
Tomograms are derived
using several
different physical
phenomena listed.
X-rays
Gamma rays
Radio-frequency waves
Electron-positron annihilation
Electrons
Ions
NEUROLOGY
CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY
Is a procedure that uses a special dye (contrast material) and x-rays to see how blood flows through the brain.
NEUROLOGY
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
Is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures.
NEUROLOGY
One advantage of an MRI scan is that it is harmless to the patient.
In clinical practice, MRI is used to distinguish pathologic tissue (such as a brain tumor) from normal tissue.
NEUROLOGY
LUMBAR PUNCTURE
Is performed in order to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) for:
Biochemical, microbiological, and cytological analysis.
Very rarely as a treatment ("therapeutic lumbar puncture") to relieve increased intracranial pressure.
NEUROLOGY
BRAIN BIOPSY
Is the removal of a small piece of brain tissue for the diagnosis of abnormalities of the brain
NEUROLOGY
It is used to diagnose:
Alzheimer's disease
Tumors
InfectionInflammation
Other brain
disorders
NEUROLOGY
CASE REPORT Nº01
A 35 year old white femaleshe had noticed some significant changes in neurologic functions
heat intolerance precipitating a stumbling gait and a tendency to fall
visual acuity change periodically
NEUROLOGY
She got sick with a flu and her neurologic condition worsened.
the patient abruptly developed a right
hemisensory deficit after several days of work
The MRI scan was performed at that time and revealed a
multifocal white matter disease - areas of increased T2
signal in both cerebral hemispheres.
NEUROLOGY
FAMILY HISTORY
high blood pressurecancer heart disease
PERSONAL HISTORY
anemia and allergies
had a tubal ligation.
NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION
• mild vibratory sense loss in the distal lower extremities
Diagnosis: Multiple Sclerosis
NEUROLOGY
CASE HISTORY N°02PATIENT : 33 Years old / female
who was well until 2 years ago when she noticed an onset of numbness in the left arm
She was able to walk normally but a few weeks later developed a relapse of neurologic dysfunction
NEUROLOGY
How many possible demyelinating lesions could be suspected in this patient based upon the clinical history?
At least 4 areas of the CNS may be involved:
•abnormal vision with blind spots•optic pallor•diplopia
NEUROLOGY
What is the most likely location of the demyelinating lesion that is causing these problems in the patient?
Spinal cord, around T4-T5
Which 2 major neurological systems (or tracts) are quite apparently affected in this patient?
A. pyramidal systemB. dorsal columns-
medial lemniscus system
NEUROLOGY
IN CONCLUSION , WHAT’S THE MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS FOR THIS PATIENT ?
The patient has a positive Romberg's sign and is mildly ataxic in tendon gait
NEUROLOGY
Thank’s NEUROLOGY