NEWER VACCINE

SPECIAL THANKS TO:-

Dr. Bhagat Baghel Dr. K. Vishvanadhan Dr. Anurup Sahu Dr. D.R. Mandavi Dr. Maninder Singh Dr. Nandlaal Kanwar

INDEX1.IPV2.PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE3.MENNINIGOCOCCAL VACCINE4.VARICELLA VACCINE5.HEPATITIS A VACCINE

Introduction of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine

PRESENTED BY:-DHANPAL SINGH

“SALK VACCINE”INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE

IPV was developed by Dr. Jonas Salk in 1955 It is injectable vaccine and is available only in

trivalent form It consists of inactivated (formalin killed)

strains of all three types of polioviruses(Type 1,2,3- 40D,8D,32D antigen unit).

It provides excellent humoral immunity but no mucosal intestinal immunity

It is highly effective in preventing paralytic disease

In the event of infection, the antibodies produced by IPV prevent the spread of virus to CNS and protect against paralysis.

Studies in India shows that IPV given to OPV primed children boosts the mucosal intestinal immunity.

No risk of VAPP and VDPV IPV may contain formaldehyde, and traces of

streptomycin, neomycin or polymyxin B. Some formulations of IPV may contain 2-phenoxyethanol(0.5%)

IPV is freeze and heat sensitive vaccine. Stored at 2-8°C in the basket of ILR.

Liquid vaccine, no reconstitution is required Dose 0.5ml It reduces quantity and duration of virus

shedding in stool samples, which may contribute to a reduction in transmission

IPV is one of the safest vaccine in use

IPV is not recommended for routine use in Polio-endemic countries or in developing countries at risk of poliovirus importations.

Polio eradication & endgame strategic Plan 2013-2018

The Plan differs from previous eradication plans because it addresses paralytic cases associated with both wild polioviruses and

vaccine-derived poliovirus/VAPP

Goal: complete the eradication & containment of all wild, vaccine-related and Sabin polioviruses.

refers to wild virus

Eradication Endgamerefers to

management of VDPVs and

VAPP

The Plan has Four Objectives• Detect and interrupt all poliovirus

transmission.1• Strengthen immunization systems,

introduce inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and withdraw oral polio vaccines (OPV).

2• Contain poliovirus and certify

interruption of transmission.3• To plan how to utilize the legacy of

the fight against polio.4

Three distinct steps of polio endgame strategy

Introduce atleast one dose of IPV in RI

Switch tOPV to bOPV

Withdraw bOPV & routine OPV useBefore

end 2015

2016

2019-2020

On going strengthening of routine immunization

Rational For The Introduction Of IPV

Primary purpose of introducing IPV into routine immunization is to boost population immunity against Type 2 poliovirus during & after the planned global withdrawal of OPV2 and switch from tOPV to bOPV

It will also facilitate the interruption of transmission with the use of monovalent OPV type2 in the case of outbreaks

To boost both humoral & mucosal immunity against poliovirus Type 1&3, which will also hasten the eradication of these WPVs

Mitigate the risk of emergence & transmission of cVDPV

IPV is not replacing OPV

It is a pre-requisite for tOPV to bOPV

switch

Why withdraw OPV Type2 ORWhy switch from tOPV to bOPV

Thus, need to remove OPV2, but need to maintain

population immunity against type 2 with IPV prior to OPV2 cessation

Type 2 wild poliovirus apparently eradicated since 1999 (last case detected in Aligarh, India)

New diagnostics and experience suggest that type 2 polio vaccine causes >95% of VDPVs

Type 2 causes approximately 40% of VAPP today Type 2 component of OPV interferes with immune

response to types 1 and types 3

Risks of OPV2 far outweigh the benefits

Thus, SAGE recommends a single dose of IPV at 14 weeks or first contact afterwards, or with DTP3/OPV3/OPV4, in the EPI schedule

The immune response to one dose of IPV is substantially higher against Type 2 poliovirus (63%) when administered at 4 months of age compared to 6 weeks to 2 months of age (32%-39%).

Rational for introducing single dose of IPV at 14 weeks

The immune response to IPV varies based on the number of doses (higher with more doses) and the age at vaccination (higher with delayed immunization). 3 doses: ~100% against all 3 serotypes 2 doses: ~90% against all 3 serotypes, when

given >8 weeks of age 1 dose: ~19%-46% against Type 1, 32%-

63% against Type 2, and 28%-54% against Type 3 poliovirus.

Why IPV not later than 14 weeks

The purpose of IPV is to give infants protection against type 2 VDPVs after tOPV-bOPV switch

This IPV dose will be the only protection an infant will receive against type 2 poliovirus

So vaccinating after 14 weeks will leave child unprotected for a longer period of time

CONTRATINDICATIONS Documented or known allergy to

Streptomycin, Neomycin or Polymyxin B

History of allergic reaction following a previous injection of IPV

Site For Injection

Right upper arm:- Measles

Anterolateral aspect of right mid thigh:- IPV

Left upper arm:- BCG, JE

Anterolateral aspect of left mid thigh:-Pentavac or DPT, HepB

IPV Key Messages for Community Children are still at risk of polio till it is not

eradicated from the world

Just one dose of IPV with the third dose of OPV to your child in routine immunization at 14 weeks of age gives additional protection against polio

IPV is available free of cost at RI session site

THANK YOU!